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Jaina Epistemology and Logic : Development and Doctrines
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Māņikyanandin ( 993 -1053 CE) was the first logician who wrote an aphoristic treatise entitled parikṣāmukha which present the Jaina system of epistemology in a nutshell. Prabhācandra, a prominent philosopher wrote a voluminous commentary on it entitled Prameyakamala- mārtanda. Laghu Anantavīrya's prameyaratnamālā, Cārukīrti's Prameyaratnālankāra and sāntivarņi's Prameyakanthikā are also famous commentaries on Parikṣāmukha. All these commentaries depict the importance of this first aphoristic treatise of Jaina logic.
Vādirāja (1025 CE) was also a commentator of Akalanka. He wrote a commentary on Nyāyaviniścaya of Akalanka known as Nyāyaviniscayavivaraņa. This is a big commentary comprising the size of twenty thousand anuştubh stanzas. It discusses the doctrines of several Indian philosophers like Kumārila. Prabhākara, Mandanamiśra, Vyomasiva, Bhāsarvajña etc. and refutes them cogently. Another work of Vādirāja on Jaina epistemology is Pramāņanirnaya. It is an independent work on Jaina logic (nyāya). Vādirāja propounds only two types of parokșa pramāna as inference and testimony and includes recollection, recognition and reasoning as the subdivisions of inference.
Abhayadevasūri, the commentator of Siddhasena's Sanmatitarka-prakaraṇa was a disciple of Rājagacchiya Pradyumnasūri. Pandita Sukhalāla Sanghavī and Pandita Becaradāsa Dosi have placed him during the second half of the tenth century and first half of the eleventh century. Mahendra Kumāra Nyāyācārya considers him belonging to the last part of the eleventh century of Vikrama Samvat, but he does not clearly say who was earlier, between Abhayadevasūri and
