Society Epistemology And Logic In Indian Tradition

Author(s): Dharmchand Jain
Publisher: Prakrit Bharati Academy

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Society, Epistemology and Logic in Indian Tradition
towards the life and the world. Caritra-mohanīya is linked with the perverted activities of a soul, e.g. anger (krodha), proud (māna), deceit (māyā) and greed (lobha) are conduct-delduing passions. Each of these are of four types, viz-Anantānubandhi (tenacious), Apratyākhyānāvaraṇa (non-abstinent), pratyākhyānāvaraṇa (partially abstinent) and sañjvalana (flickering passions). When the category of anantānubandhi krodha, māna, māyā and lobha are subsidised or destructed alongwith the category of darśana mohanīya the right-view emerges in a soul and the existing perverted knowledge changes into right knowledge.
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This righteousness of knowledge depends on the subsidence, subsidence-cum-destruction or destruction of some part of mohaniya karma. Another very important relation between them is manifested when the total destruction of mohaniya karma leads to complete destruction of jñānavaraṇa karma and then kevalajñāna emerges in a soul. In this way destruction of mohaniya karma is a cause of destruction of jñānāvaraṇa karma after which complete and perfect knowledge kevalajñāna arises.
Types of Knowledge
Five types of knowledge found in Rajapraśṇīya, Uttaradhyayana(28.4) Sthānānga(5.3.464) Anuyogadvāra sūtra(sūtra, 1), Nandisūtra(sūtra, 1) and Vyākhyāprajnaptisūtra (8.2.23) are as follows:
1.Abhinibodhika jñāna/mati jñāna (sensuous knowledge) 2. Śrutajñāna (scriptural or verbal knowledge)
3. Avadhijñāna (visual intuition/clairvoyance)
4. Manaḥparyaya jñāna (intuition of mental modes)
5. kevalajñāna (pure and perfect knowledge/omniscience)