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Society in Jaina Philosophy and Literature
and with earning of meritorious (punya) karma. Receiver is benefited by getting the things, knowledge and fearlessness. It has also a socio-cultural impact on human society.
In modern society we talk about free will. Jaina philosophy accepts the idea of free will because of the independence and self-doership of every soul, but it suggests keeping a control of rationality on our mind.
“The mind is like a wicked horse, it runs everywhere, and so by understanding a real
dharma, control over it, is possible.”74
Jaina philosophy enlightens that one should keep control on his mind, speech, body and belongings." He should do good activities and leave bad activities. One should think good for others, speak well and do activities for the welfare of mankind.
In Jaina ethics, social aspects of religion have been given suitable importance. Sthānāngasūtra mentions 10 kinds of dharmas:" (i) observance of custom of a village (grāmadharma) (ii) observance of customs of a city (nagara-dharma) (iii) duty towards a nation (rāsțra-dharma) (iv) religion of a renouncer (pākhanda-dharma) (v) conduct of descents or monks of the same teacher (kula-dharma) (vi) observance of customs of a republic (gaņa-dharma) (vii) conduct of fourfold order (sangha-dharma) (viii) observance of religion of scripture (siddhānta-dharma or śruta-dharma) (ix) observance
7* Utt 23.58: mano sāhasio bhīmo dutthasso paridhāvai;
tam sammam tu nigihņāmi dhamma sikkhāi kamthagam. "Sth 4.2: maņasamjame, vayasamjame, kāyasamjame, uvagaraṇasamjame. **BD 45: asuhādo viņivittī suhe pavittī ya jāņa cārittam. ► See Sth chapter 10.
