Shatkhandagama Pustak 02

Author(s): Pushpadant, Bhutbali, Hiralal Jain, Fulchandra Jain Shastri, Devkinandan, A N Upadhye
Publisher: Jain Sahityoddharak Fund Karyalay Amravati

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contents is found in the literature of both the sects. The Digambara work Satkhandagama of Puspadanta and Bhūtabali as well as Kasāya-pähud:1 of Gunadharācārya are claimed to be directly based upon it. It would, therefore, be interesting to take a bird's eye view of the contents of this most important Jaina Srutānga, leading up to the portions that have been preserved.
The Ditthivåda was divided into five parts, Parikamma, Sutta, Padhamānioga, Puvvagaya and Cūliā. The Svetāmbaras place Puvvagaya first and Anuoga, with its subdivisions Mula padhamānuoga, aod Gandiánuoga, instead of Padhamūnioga, next in the above order. The two schools differ entirely in the matter of the subsections of the first part, Parikamma. The Digambaras name five Pannattis under it, namely, Canda, Sura, Jambudiva, Divasāyara and Viyaha; while the Svetāmbaras count under it seven Seniäs, namely, Siddha, Manussa, Pattha, Ogādha, Uvasampajjana, Vippajahana and Cuācua, each of which is again divided into fourteen or eleven sections like Māugāpayāim, Egatthiapayāim Atthapayaim, Pāhoā māsa payaim, Keubhuam, Rāsi baddham, Eggunam, Dugunam, Tigunam, Keubhuam, Padiggaho, Samsāra padiggaho, Nandāvattam and Siddhāvattam, The nature of the subject-matter of these is shrouded in mystery. The Digambara subdivisions, on the other hand, are quite intelligible and their contents are also clearly stated. There is, however, one thing remarkable about the Svetambara subdivision that the first six divisions of Pari kamma are said to be in accordance with the Jaina view which recognised four Nayas, while the seventh was an addition of the Ajivikas who recognised three Rasis or Nayas. It appears from this that the Ajivika view-point was also accomodated in the Jaina Agama and that at one time the Jainis recognised only four instead of seven Nayas.
The second division of Ditthivāda was Sutta which, according to the Digambaras, dealt, firstly, with the philcsophy of the soul according to their own ideas; and, secondly, with the philosophical theories of others, such as Terūsiya, Niyativada Saddarāda and the like. They also speak of eightyeight divisions of Sutta of which, they say, the names have been forgotten. The Svetāmbaras mention twentytwo subdivisions of Sutta and point out that they may be studied according to four Nayas, namely, Chinnacheda, Achinnacheda, Trika and Catuska, of which the first and the fourth Nayas are followed by the Jainas, while the second and the third are adopted by the Ajivikas. In this way, Sutta is shown to possess eightyeight subdivisions. Here again, the mention of the Ajivika view-point and its accomodation are remarkable.
Padhamānioga division of Ditthivāda, according to the Digambaras, deals with Paurānic accounts. As mentioned before, the Svetāmbaras give the name of this division as Anuoga and subdivide it as Mula-padhamānuoga dealing with the lives of the Tirthamkaras, and Gandianuoga dealing with the lives of Kulakaras and other distinguished persons in separate sections (Gandikās). Amongst these the account of the Citrāntara Gandikā is very astonishing and staggering.
Puvvagaya was the most imporant division of Ditthivāda because its fourteen subdivisions, known as Puvvas, contained, in fact, all the essential wisdom of the