Prashamratiprakaran

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Yajneshwar S Shastri
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

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Third Chapter (31-33) deals with their relations to raga and dveṣa on one hand and to mamakara-(mineness) and Ahankīra ego or 'I'ness on the other. Raga consists of deceit and greed and dveṣa consists of anger and pride. Raga and dveṣa are the synonyns of mamakar a (mineness) and Ahankara ('I'ness) respectively. The pair of 'mineness' and 'I'-ness are the roots of these four passions. These four fundamental passions accompanied by wrong belief (mithyadṛṣṭi), want of control (avirati), negligence (pramada) and psycho-physical activities (yoga of mind, speech and body) are the causes of eight kinds of karmic bondage of Atman.
In the Fourth Chapter (34-38) the author discusses the eight kinds of Karmas, their sub-divisions and six types of Lesyas (colour or tint of soul).
Fifth and Sixth Chapters (39-80) explain the cause of repeated births and deaths and also show the pathway to stop this cycle respectively. Passions, wrong belief, want of control, negligence and yoga are the cause of accumulation of Karma and are the root cause of chain of repeated births and deaths. The one who has no control over senses, engrossed in sense-object enjoyment meets with death like those of the deer, the mouth, the black bee, the fish and the elephant who meet with death bound by the rope of their native tendencies (41-46). The great net created by raga and dves can be completely destroyed by following the right path, right conduct, austerity, meditation, observing five vows, which lead one to the complete withdrawal of Self from the psyco-physical activities which in turn lead to the breakage of the chain of births and rebirths. This breakage leads to the ultimate freedom i. c., Mokṣa.
Seventh Chapter (81-111) deals with eight kinds of prides viz., pride of caste, family, beauty, strength, gain, intellect, popularity and knowledge which are not only root cause of mental agitation but cause of long chain of births and deaths.
In the Eighth Chapter (112-14), five kinds of code of conduct viz, Right faith, Right knowledge, Right conduct, Penance and Rigour is prescribed for monks as a means of destroying attachment, aversion, passions etc.
In the Nineth Chapter (149-166) the author discusses the important conception of 12 Bhavanās known as Aunprekṣas on which a monk has to reflect constantly. Reflection on these 12 Bhavanäs leads to renunciation of attachment to worldly pleasures.