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NYAYA AND JAINA EPISTEMOLOGY....
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accept correspondence theory of truth. False knowledge is of
three kinds :
i. Illusion,
ii. Doubt,
iii. Inattention.
Perfect knowledge, according to Jainism, is free from doubt etc. Though fallacious knowledge is possible, it is to be noted that one cannot have fallacious mind-reading, i. e. telepathic knowledge or omniscience though one can have fallacious clairvoyance. In other words, of the different forms of knowledge, telepathy and omniscience, the forms of transcendental perception are such that they cannot be fallacious. One can have them either in their correct forms or not at all.
Jaina concept of Naya
In addition to knowledge by pramāṇa, Jainas recognize knowledge by Naya, i. e. knowledge of an object in relation to other objects. This emphasises non-absolutistic standpoint of Jaina epistemology. This results in Jaina theory of Anekāntavāda. every object possesses infinite aspects. Because of this nature of reality, the theory of relativity of propositions and theory of different standpoints result. Only this dialectical method can succeed in giving true picture of reality. As is rightly observed by M. Mehta, "Jaina thinkers did not hesitate to put Syādvāda on an equal status with omniscience. As is said: Both Syādvāda and kevalajñāna illuminate the whole reality. The difference between them is only this much that while the former illuminates the objects indirectly the latter illuminates them directly". (apta
