Nyaya And Jaina Epistemology

Author(s): Kokila H Shah
Publisher: Sharadaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

Page 72

COMMON SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE....
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position there is motion also.
3. According to the third classification, inference is classified
into :
i. Kevalānvayi, ii. Kevalavyatireki, iii Anvayavyatireki.
i. An inference is sid to be kevalānvayi when middle term is only positively related to major term. In this case, knowledge of Vyapti between middle and major terms is arrived at through the method of agreement in presence. Symbolically, it can be presented as :
All M is P
S is M
Therefore, S is P
ii. In Kevalavyatireki inference, middle term is only negatively related to the major term. The knowledge of Vyāpti is arrived at only through the method of agreement in absence. It may be represented is :
No not-P is M
S is M
Therefore, S is P
iii. An inference is called Anvayavyatireki when its middle term is both positively and negatively related to major term. Knowledge of Vyapti, here is arrived at through the joint method of agreement in presence and in absence.
Not all the philosophers agree with this classification of inference. However, logically an inference is said to be of one kind-an inference based on invariable relation between