________________
OTHER KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE....
101
Therefore, it is pramāṇasahāyaka-helper to pramāņa. It performs the function of testing the validity of some reasoning
Tarka corresponds to antilogism or inconsistent triad of propositions in western logic. The logical character of tarka is that it has a form of inconsistent argument developed out of the conclusion of the given argument and then its validity is determined by reductio ad absurdum method. However, the logical form of the reasoning in tarka does not exactly correspond to that of antilogism because tark is in the form of hypothetical argument while antilogism is in the form of categorical syllogism. So tarka itself is not an argument as Nyāya believes. It is itself not a pramāņa but a mental process favourable to pramāņa. It is, therefore, no doubt an aid to pramāņa as it contributes to the ascertainment of truth by facilitating the operation of a relevant means of knowledge.
Kinds of Indirect Knowledge in Jainism Inductive Reasoning (Tarka)
It is the knowledge of universal concomitance arising from facts observed and non-observed. The facts of experience are the cause of induction. It establishes relationship such as 'the relationship between the proven and the mark' and this relationship subsists for all the times, e. g. invariable connection between the smoke and the fire. The form of inductive reasoning is 'this being, this is', e. g. There being smoke, there must be fire'. "The nature of induction consists in a cognition of such truths of universal and eternal application”.4 Thus inductive reasoning gives us knowledge
