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The Apabhramśa Poet Caturmukha
manical mythology. These facts go to establish that only a part of the anonymous citations in the Sc. derive from Svayambhu's works. The other part was taken from an author or authors whose names are omitted by the manuscript of Sc. due to a defective transmission tradition. That in the matter of indicating sources of its citations Sc. does not always preserve the original state of affairs faithfully is proved beyond doubt in at least three cases. As already mentioned, though Sc. VI 54.I is reproduced from Svayambhu's Paumaccariu (77. 1. 1), the manuscript ascribes it to Caturmukha. Similarly though Sc. I 74.1 and 74.2 are respectively the same as Paumacariu 73. 3. 5-8 and 72. 15. 5-6, the manuscript gives them respectively under the names of Mauradeva and Rajjautta. The alternative of verbatim borrowing in the Paumacariu from others is highly implausible, if we attach any weight to the position of these passages in the Paumacariu (one is the opening stanza of the 77th Sandhi, while the other two figure in the midst of a Kaḍavaka), and to bigh calibre of Svaymbhū as an epic poet. In this connection it is also significant that in two cases the gloss in the manuscript of the Sc. disagrees with the ascriptions of the MS. For Sc. I 3.1 cited under the name of Vijjā, the gloss gives the name of Divaara and for Sc. I 38.1 ascribed to Suddhakal, the gloss gives Niuņa.
9. These considerations, coupled with the fact that Caturmukha has been acknowledged by Svayambhu as a pioneer in the field of Apabhramsa epic makes it very likely that Sc. VI. 50.1, 52.1 and 68.1 are derived from Caturmukha's Apabhramśa Rāmāyaṇa.
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10. There is one more stanza quoted in another work which appears in all likelihood to be taken from Caturmukha's Rāmāyana. To illustrate a rule of Apabhramsa grammar, Hema candra cites under Siddhahema 8 4 331 the following stanza :
Dahamuhu bhuvaṇa-bhayankaru, tosiya-Sankaru, niggau raha-vari caḍiau |
Caumuhu Chammuhu jhäivi, ekkahi läivi,
nävai daivem ghaḍiau ||
