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No. 11). History of Mathematics in India from Jaina Sources
67 importance in connection with the Vedic sacrifices, when the carliest hymns of the Rg. Veda were composed (before 3,000 B, C.). The three primary altars viz., the Gårhapatya, Ahavaniya and Dakşina were to be of the same area but of different shapes--square, circle and seini-circle. The five altars called Rathacakra-cili, Samuhya-cili and Paricáyya-citi, mentioned in the Tailtiriva Sumhila required the construction of a circle egual in arca lo a given square of 7, units area. The value of n used in those early days varied between 3 and 3.1. For further datails the reader is referred to The Science of the Sulba isy B B. Dalta (Calculia University laces, 1932).
The value , = 1'is seems to hive been used lov Jaina scholars first. It was used by Umancali who wrote about the beginning of the Christian Eri. He says:
The square foot of ten times the site of the diameler of n Circle is its circumference. That in:altiplied by a quarter of the
This value (=imboreeing vois popular and was used in inuet vile Hindis iselostomers in thonin suns--brahmagupts, 02H) Sridhatan (.750. Mbasistki 850). ryabhat: ll ic. 950) etc. tovatelas! } uscu the value
He says.
"100 plus, multiplici dry Surdoduled to 6.000. This will be the approxilliste value of the circumference of a circle of diameter 20000, Now
AUD*
7+1otit
The successive converse are
The value was employed by the Goceks and is known as the Greek value of li is the second convergent obtained from Aryabhati's value and has been used in India by Aryabhata Il and by Bhaskara Il as a "gross value of",
b
y theadhun tia with rice bh 'ya of Limasvati. cd. by KP. Mods. Calcutia, !94, ii !! (gloss).
2 Aryabhativa, ll, 0.
