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studied the Dharma Samhitas written by Yajnavalkya and other Upanishadic sages were called Dharmachintak.
(5) Aviruddha-They worshipped deities, king, parents and even animals and birds with the same devotion. As they paid homage and bowed to everyone they were also called Vinayavadi (who took humbleness as religion) or Bhaktivadi (who took submissive devotion as religion). They find mention in Avashyak Niryukti. According to Bhagavati Sutra Mauryaputra Tamli of Tamralipti got initiated into this Pranama sect. Aviruddhaks also find mention in the Buddhist scripture Anguttar Nikaya.
(6) Viruddha-They refute punya-paap (merit-demerit) and heavenhell and other spiritual things. As they are also against all spiritual practices both physical and mental they are also called Akriyavadi (nondoers).
(7) Vriddha-People generally retired in old age to become hermits. That is why they were called Vriddha (aged)-tapas (hermits). According to the commentary (Tika) by Abhayadev Suri, Vriddha means Tapas and shravak means Brahmin. Another interpretation is that Tapas are called Vriddha (old or ancient) because all sects came into being only after initiation of Bhagavan Rishabh Dev and the first among these was Samkhya or Tapas sect. At the time of Shraman Bhagavan Mahavir three hundred sixty three heretic sects were in existence. The list of these other sects includes Vriddha Shravak also. This term also finds mention in Nishith Sabhashya Churni, Part 2, p. 118; Jnata Dharma Katha and Anguttar Nikaya, Part 2, p. 452. In the commentary (Tika) of Anuyogdvar Sutra also Vriddha has been translated as Tapas.
(8) Shravak-Brahmins who listen to recital of religious scriptures.
All these eight types of mendicants considered milk, curd, butter, butter-oil, oil, jaggery, salt, honey, wine and meat to be prohibited and avoiding all these, used only sesame seed oil.
वानप्रस्थों का उपपात
७४. से जे इमे गंगाकूलगा वाणपत्था तावसा भवंति, तं जहा - १. होत्तिया, २. पोत्तिया, ३. कोत्तिया, ४. जण्णई, ५. सड्ढई, ६ थालई, ७. हुंबउट्ठा, ८. दंतुक्खलिया, ९. उम्मज्जगा, १०. सम्मज्जगा, ११. निमज्जगा, १२. संपक्खाला, १३. दक्खिणकूलगा, १४. उत्तरकूलगा, १५. संखधमगा, १६. कूलधमगा,
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Aupapatik Sutra
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