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DODANO VOLTOOONO TOMOTION
कि समग्र तीर्थकों की उत्पत्ति भगवान ऋषभदेव की प्रव्रज्या के पश्चात् हुई थी। उनमें सर्वप्रथम तापससांख्यों का प्रादुर्भाव हुआ था, अतः वे वृद्ध कहलाये। श्रमण भगवान महावीर के समय तीन सौ तिरेसठ पाखण्ड-मत प्रचलित थे। उन्हीं अन्य तीर्थों या तैर्थिकों में वृद्ध श्रावक शब्द भी व्यवहृत हुआ है। (निशीथ सभाष्यचूर्णि, भाग २, पृ. ११८; ज्ञाताधर्मकथा एवं अंगुत्तरनिकाय, भाग २, पृ. ४५२) में भी यह शब्द प्रयुक्त हुआ है। अनुयोगद्वारसूत्र २० की टीका में भी वृद्ध का अर्थ तापस किया है।
(e) *121* 911n at sau art an STEMTI __ ये आठों प्रकार के साधु दूध, दही, मक्खन, घृत, तेल, गुड़, मधु, मद्य और माँस का भक्षण नहीं करते थे। केवल सरसों का तेल उपयोग में लेते थे।
Elaboration—This aphorism discusses people who, although not righteous, observe rigorous vows according to their traditional beliefs. Following their established traditions they indulge in some special practices accepting minimum comforts and facilities. They endure pain and mortify their bodies avoiding cruel reactions and thoughts. Completing their life-spans they reincarnate as interstitial gods. For such householder aspirants or parivrajaks eight adjectives have been used in this aphorism. They are explained as follows
(1) Gautam-They have with them a small ox decorated with garlands and other ornaments made of shells (kaudi). It is trained to touch feet of people at the owners command. These mendicants carried this ox along when they went to beg alms.
(2) Govratik-These mendicants took a vow of serving cows. They would always move with the cow. When the cow went out of the village they would also go along. When cow grazed or drank water they would also graze and drink water. They would sleep when the cow slept. Like a cow they also ate grass and leaves. Abhayadev Suri, the commentator (Tika), has mentioned about Govratiks. There is a mention of Govratik mendicants in the Buddhist Majjhim Nikaya as well—“When the cow went out of the village they would also go along. When it grazed they ate food. When it drank water they too drank water. When it returned, they returned. They slept when the cow slept.” In the Vedic tradition special importance is given to the worship of cow.
(3) Grihadharmi—They were very happy giving gifts and alms to guests and deities and considered themselves to be the true followers of the householder's code or religion.
(4) Dharmachintak-They spent all their time in reading and reciting religious scriptures. According to Anuyog-dvar Sutra Tika those who
उपपात वर्णन
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Description of Upapat
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