Pathik 2005 Vol 45 Ank 10 11 12

Author(s): Bhartiben Shelat, Subhash Bramhabhatt
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535540/1

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pathika PATHIK QUARTERLY JOURNAL: HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY saMpAdaka Do. bhAratIbahena zelata - pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa vi.saM. 2061-62 varSa : 45 aMka: 10-12 jUlAI-Disembara-2005 ST8 kuMtAsI PATHIK KARYALAY, Clo. B.J. Institute, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanuM gRhasuzobhana . . ! = " , ke. :: che ,* * kakaja che ane : : : REche A { che A:.' (31) ! S. * * * juo : adhvaryu nayanA ena.no lekha For Private and Personal Use Only

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pathika AdyataMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa sUcanA TrasTImaMDaLa pathika dara trIjA aMgrejI mahinAnI Do. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze , DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe. to sthAnika posTa oNphisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. vi. saM. 2061-62 varSa : 45 aMka: 10-11-12 julAI - Dise. 2005 pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA jJAnanuM sAmayika che. jIvanane anukrama UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM amadAvAda jillo DaoN. mahebUba desAI 1 | svIkAravAmAM Ave che. veDachI Azramano rASTrIya prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI AMdolanamAM phALo DaoNhitendrasiMha vAya. kharavAsiyA 21 prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI svarAjya-saMgrAma patrikA : AjhAdInA ItihAsanuM lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. eka mahattvanuM sAdhana caudharI dilIpakumAra sI. 25 | aMgrejI, gujarAtI athavA hindI rASTranI AjhAdInI laDatamAM svAtaMtrya senAnI lekha sArA akSare zAhIthI ane sva. zrI ratubhAI adANInuM pradAna kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI -eka aitihAsika adhyayana subhASa lakSmaNa mAru 29 | hovI joIe. lekhamAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to samAja-sudhAraka ane svAtaMtrya-senAnI - { eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI DaoN. jayakumAra 2. zukla 33 | jarUrI che. bhAratanI AjhAdInI caLavaLamAM harijana sudhAraNA pathikamAM prasiddha lakhonA vicAropravRttinA preraka ane 1942nI caLavaLanA svAtaMtra abhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che senAnI zrI nAgaradAsa zrImALInuM pradAna prA.ema. je. paramAra 37 ema na samajavuM. mahAgujarAtanuM AMdolana : eka vihaMgAvalokana kAzmIrA bhojaka 40 asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA kaDavA pATIdAra sudhAraka jorAvarasiMhajI Do. harSadakumAra ema. brahmabhaTTa 42 | jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata vedamAM kavayitrIo prA. DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA 53 parata karAze. luNAvADAmAM audinuM Agamana DaoN. manISA upAdhyAya para ma.o., kATa-patro mATe lakho. kacchanuM gRhasuzobhana adhvaryu nayanA ena. 60 | pathika kAryAlaya saurASTrano itihAsa - C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, I.sa. 1807 thI I.sa. 1948 2 ka dhAraiyA da6 | eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rU. 100/- che. AjIvana sabhyapada rU. 501/- che.) pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka-prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, clo. bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca.ke.kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda 9 mudraNasthAna : kriznA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 * phona : 27494393, mobA. 9426302640 For Private and Personal Use Only

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svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM amadAvAda jillo DaoN. mahebUba desAI 1. bhUmikA gujarAtano amadAvAda jillo rAjayano agiyAramA naMbarane moTAmAM moTo jillo che. 8707 corasa kilomiTarano vistAra dharAvato A jillo sAta tAlukAono banelo che : amadAvAda siTI tAluko, daskoI, dhoLakA, dhaMdhukA, sANaMda, viramagAma ane dahegAma. joke amadAvAda jillAnuM mukhya zahera amadAvAda eka samaye gujarAta rAjayanuM pATanagara hatuM. ethI paNa AgaLa jaIe to mughala zAsako ane e pachI AvelA aMgreja zAsako mATe amadAvAda zahera gujarAtanuM mukhya kendra rahyuM che. pariNAme bhAratanI nAnI-moTI ghaTanAono prathama pratisAda jhIlavAmAM amadAvAda agra rahyuM che. bhAratanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM to amadAvAdanuM sthAna gAMdhIjInI karmabhUmi tarIke noMdhAyeluM che ane eTale ja jayAre jayAre svAtaMtrya saMgrAmano ghaMTa vAgyo che tyAre tyAre e saMgrAmane dizA cIMdhavAmAM amadAvAda ane tenA netAoe noMdhapAtra bhAga bhajavyo che. e nAte svAtaMtrya yugamAM amadAvAda zahera ane jillAnA tAlukAonI gAthA itihAsamAM ghATA akSaromAM noMdhAyelI che. 2. 1857no yuga gujarAtamAM sipAIoe sauthI prathama vidroha amadAvAdamAM karyo hato. amadAvAdamAM sAtamI rejimenTa khullo baLavo kare ane zaherane hastagata karI levAya pachI bApurAva gAyakavADa potAne gujarAtano sarasenApati jAhera karI de, evI yojanA ghaDAI hatI. janarala raoNbarTa sudhI A yojanAnI vAta game te rIte pahoMcI gaI. pariNAme sAtamI rejimenTanA hindu sUbedAranAM tamAma zastro AMcakI levAmAM AvyAM.' jo ke Ane lIdhe amadAvAdanA sainikone aMgreja zAsako pratyeno Akroza ghaTavAne badale vadhyo. amadAvAdanA aniyatakAla azvArohIdaLanA sAta sainikoe aMgrejo sAme vidroha karyo ane jorathI chAvaNImAM elAna karyuM : "mUAo, phiraMgIo ApaNane haDapa karI rahyA che'. A jAherAta bIjA sainikone paNa temanI sAthe joDavA preraNA ApI. paNa aMgreja sattAnI tAkAta sAme thoDAka sainiko jhAjhuM na TakI zakyA eTale sAte sainiko chAvaNI choDI bhAgyA. sarakheja tarapha mArate ghoDe AgaLa vadhyA. aMgreja phojanAM daLoe temano pIcho karyo. amadAvAda-dhoLakA mArge tAjapura nAmanA gAma pAse aMgreja phoje temane AMtaryA ane baMne vacce yuddha khelAyuM. A samaye aMgreja phojanA bhAratIya sainikoe A sAteya sA nA pADI dIdhI. paNa aMgreja kepTana Teilare to A sAteyane jera karavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM hatuM. eTale sAteya para aMgreja sainiko tUTI paDyA. atyaMta vIratAthI sAteya. sainikoe sAmano karyo. aMte sAtamAMthI be sainiko zahIda thayA ane pAMcane lazkare pakaDI lIdhA. e pAMca para lazkarI adAlatamAM keIsa cAlyo ane temane phAMsInI sajA thaI. 14 sapTembara 1857nA roja pAMce sainikone phAMsIne mAcaDe laTakAvI devAmAM AvyA. A ghaTanAnI jANa anya amadAvAdanI chAvaNIomAM paNa thaI. aMgrejonI gulAmIne tyAga karI zastrAgArano bhaMDAra reDho mUkI bhAratIya sainiko cAlyA gayA. kepTana grIse e zastrono kabajo veLAsara laI lIdho ane zastro tyAgIne vidrohamAM sAmela thayelA bhAratIya sainiko para korTamArzala karI temane phAMsInI sajA phaTakArI. phAMsIno amala amadAvAdanA badale ghoghA (ji. bhAvanagara)mAM karavAnuM nakkI thayuM paNa ghoghAmAM dhodhamAra varasAda hato. chatAM hamaNAM phAMsI mATenA gunegArone lAvavAmAM Avaze ema mAnI ghoghAmAM jallAda rAha joIne besI rahyo. aMte e svAtaMtrya sainikone amadAvAdamAM ja khullA medAnamAM topanA moe bAMdhI uDADI mUkavAmAM AvyA *rIDara, itihAsa anusnAtaka bhavana, bhAvanagara yunivarsiTI, bhAvanagara pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobaur Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaDodarAnA zAsaka gAyakavADane temanI rASTrIya pravRttione kAraNe aMgreja sarakAre vaDodarAmAM pravezavAnI manAI karI hatI. pariNAme e amadAvAdanA zAhIbAgamAM AvelA gAyakavADI mahelamAM aMgrejo viruddha yojanA ghaDI rahyA hatA. sapTembara 1857nA roja ghaDAyelI yojanA mujaba umeThA-bhAdaravAnA AgevAno kheDA mahIkAMThAnA paTelo vagerene saMgaThita karavA nihAlacaMdane mokalavAmAM AvyA, jayAre bApu gAyakavADa khuda amadAvAdanI aMgreja sainikonI chAvaNImAM pharIne bhAratIya sainikone baLavAmAM sAmela thavA uzkerI rahyA hatA. jo ke amadAvAdamAM vyApI rahelo Avo jusso bahu jhAjho na Takyo. samagra bhAratamAM baLavAnAM vaLatAM pANI thayAM. zastrono vyApaka abhAva ane saMyojana ane saMkalananI khAmIne kAraNe amadAvAdamAM paNa aMgreja lazkaroe baLavAne krUra rIte dAbI dIdho. paNa svAtaMtrya mATeno amadAvAdanA bhAratIya sainikono utsAha anero hato. eka ahevAla pramANe ekalA amadAvAdanI jelomAM okTobara 1857mAM 35 baLavAkhoro sajAnI rAha jotA beThA hatA. 16mI okTobara 1857nI savAre 89mI rejimenTanI hAjarImAM traNa bhAratIya baLavAkhorone topanA moMe bAMdhIne uDADI mUkavAmAM AvyA. bIjA cAlIsane AvA ja gunAsara aMdhArI koTaDImAM goMdhI rAkhavAmAM AvyA. jayAre 19 okTobare to keTalAya bhAratIya sainikone topanA moMe ane phAMsInA mAcaDe zahIda karI devAmAM AvyA hatA ? 3. 1857 pachI prajAjAgRti 1857no prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAma bhale niSphaLa gayo paNa tenA kAraNe prajAmAM vyApela jAgRti jema samagra bhAratamAM phelAtI gaI tema amadAvAdamAM paNa te prasaratI gaI. 187ra mAM amadAvAdamAM 'prajAsamAja' nAmanI rAjakIya saMsthA sthapAI. 1882 mAM DaoN. hariharSa dhruva ane ukAbhAI prabhudAse "prajAhitavardhaka sabhA sthApI. 1884mAM amadAvAdamAM "gujarAta sabhA'nI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. tenA AgevAno ramaNalAla nIlakaMTha, DaoN. benjAmina, harilAla desAIbhAI tathA goviMdarAva pATila vakI hatA. te sAcA gujarAtanA rAjakIya praznomAM rasa letI ane arajIo dvArA lokonA prazno pratye sarakAranuM dhyAna doratI. 1876mAM aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAIe amadAvAdamAM svadezI udyogavardhaka maMDaLI sthApI. tenA anya AgevAno raNachoDalAla choTAlAla, premAbhAI himAbhAI, maNibhAI jazabhAI hatA. 1885nA DisembaramAM muMbaI kaoNMgresa mahAsabhAnuM prathama adhivezana maLyuM. temAM bhAratabharamAMthI AvelA 72 sabhyomAMthI gujarAtanA 28 sabhyo hatA, jemAM 3 amadAvAdanA ane 1 viramagAmanA thaIne amadAvAda jillAnA cAra sabhyoe adhivezanamAM hAjarI ApI hatI. 4. koMgresa mahAsabhAnuM 18muM adhivezana kaeNgresanI sthApanAnA be dAyakAmAM ja keMgresanuM 18muM adhivezana, 23, 24 ane 26 Disembara, 1902nA roja amadAvAdamAM maLyuM. A adhivezananA svAgata pramukha dI.ba.aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAI hatA ane pramukha surendranAtha benarajI hatA. govardhanarAma tripAThI, maganabhAI caturabhAI paTela, indulAla yAjJikanA pitA kanaiyAlAla yAjJika tathA svayaMsevaka tarIke kamA.munazIe A adhivezanamAM bhAga lIdho hato. adhivezanamAM hindanI garIbAI, duSkALa, kApaDa uparanI jakAta, paradezamAM bhAratIo upara batAvAto bhedabhAva, raMgabhedanI nIti, sarakArI nokarI ane lazkaramAM hindIonuM vadhu pratinidhitva vagere aMgenA kule 22 TharAvo pasAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. A adhivezanamAM hAjara rahelA 471 pratinidhiomAM aDadhAthI vadhu eTale ke 287 pratinidhio to mAtra amadAvAdanA ja hatA. svAgata pramukhazrI dI.bA.aMbAlAla desAIe potAnA svAgata pracavanamAM amadAvAdanA AMgaNe saune AvakAratAM amadAvAdanI kApaDa samasyAne vAcA ApI hatI. "amadAvAdamAM rUnA kApaDanI ghaNI milo che, temane anyAyI eksAIjha vero ApavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM pathika kanaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobau Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir AvI che ane amane lAge che ke rAjakIya kArya vinA vyApAra kheDavA e AtmaghAta karavA samAna che. A sthitisthApaka mahesUla heThaLa kheDUto duHkhamaya rahyA che ane sarva pUche che 'ApaNe ATalA badhA garIba zA mATe chIe?" ethI ja gujarAte keMgresa tarapha dRSTi karI che." pramukhasthAnethI zrI surendranAtha benarajIe svataMtratAnI mahattA vyakta karatAM kahyuM hatuM, "svAtaMtryanA vijayo eka divasamAM prApta thatA nathI. svAtaMtrya devI IrSALu che. te puSkaLa ArAdhanA karAve che ane potAnA pUjako pAsethI dIrgha samaya sudhI ane parizramapUrvaka karelI bhakti mAge che." A adhivezana sAthe ja bIjI audyogika pariSada paNa amadAvAdamAM bharavAmAM AvI hatI, jenuM udghATana vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sara sayAjIrAve karyuM hatuM. A adhivezane samagra gujarAtanI prajAne potAnA adhikAronI prApti arthe kAMgresamAM vizvAsa mUkavA preryA. Ama amadAvAdanA A adhivezane prajA jAgRtino uddeza pAra pADyo hato, jene anumodana ApatI aneka rASTrIya pravRttio amadAvAdamAM astitvamAM AvI. 1903 mAM amadAvAdamAM svadezI vastu saMrakSaka maMDaLo dvArA svadezI vastuone vega ApavAmAM Avyo. 1905 mAM baMgALamAM svadezI. caLavaLanA AraMbha sAthe ja amadAvAdamAM paNa "svadezI mitramaMDaLanI sthApanA thaI hatI. jeNe 'svadezI kIrtana saMgraha' pragaTa karyo. 1906 mAM amadAvAdamAM ricI roDa paranA eka makAnamAM svadezI caLavaLa aMge bharAyelI sabhAmAM Azare pacAsa vidyArthIomAM baMgALIo paNa hatA. te sabhAmAM prathamavAra 'vaMde mAtaram' gItanuM gujarAtI rUpAMtara gAvAmAM AvyuM. A sabhAmAM baeNrisTara jIvaNalAla desAIe svadezI caLavaLamAM baMgALIonA pradAnanI jussAbhera prazaMsA karI hatI. 1909mAM svadezI mitra maMDaLe amadAvAdamAM svadezI sTora zarU karyo hato tenuM saMcAlana kRpAzaMkara paMDita karatA hatA. A uparAMta gujarAtamAM racanAtmaka jAgRti sAthe keLavAtI jatI sazastra jAgRtinA paDaghA paNa amadAvAdanI jAgRta prajAe jhIlyA hatA. 13 navembara 1909 nA roja amadAvAdamAM rAyapura daravAjA bahArathI jatI vAisaroya laoNrDa minTonI bagI upara be baoNmba nAkhavAmAM AvyA. jo ke bagImAM beThelA laoNrDa ane leDI minTo bacI gayAM. paraMtu pAchaLathI thayelA bomba dhaDAkAmAM eka saphAI kAmadAranuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. A banAva sAthe saMkaLAyelA krAMtikArIonI dharapakaDa karavA sarakAre ghaNA dhamapachADA karyA, paNa koI ja kaDI hAtha lAgI na hatI. 5. homarUla AMdolana * bhAratanA rAjakIya taSThA para svarAjanI prApti mATe zrImatI enI besanTa ane zrI bALa gaMgAdhara TiLake I.sa. 1915 thI 1918 daramiyAna karela homarUla AMdolananA paDaghA amadAvAda zahera ane jillAnAM nAnAM moTAM gAmaDAMo sudhI pahoMcyA hatA. homarUla caLavaLanAM praNetA zrImatI enI besanTanA aMgrejI dainika 'nyU inDiyAne baMdha karavAmAM aMgreja sarakArane maLela saphaLatAthI Thera Thera teno virodha thayo. amadAvAdamAM paNa e virodha sabhAsaraghaso svarUpe vyakta thayo. 9 jAnyuArI 1915nA roja bhAratamAM gAMdhIjInA Agamana ane ra5 me, 1915 nA roja amadAvAdamAM kocaraba AzramanI sthApanAe svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA 'gAMdhIyuga'nuM maMDANa karyuM che jo ke gAMdhIjIe prathama enI besanTanI homarUla caLavaLamAM potAno sUra purAvyo. amadAvAdamAM gujarAta sabhA taraphathI I.sa. 1910 nA inDiyana presa ekTa ane hindI rAjaya-baMdhAraNanA sudhArAnA kharaDAno virodha karavA mATe 18 jUna 1916 nA roja amadAvAdanA premAbhAI holamAM eka jAhera sabhA maLI. gAMdhIjI A sabhAnA pramukhasthAne hatA. A sabhAmAM rAvabahAdura ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha, zrI jIvaNalAla vrajalAla desAI ane amadAvAdanI thiyosophikala sosAyaTInI zAkhAnA maMtrIzrI cImanalAla nAthubhAI dozIe bhASaNo karyA. jo ke A sabhAnI carcAthI gAMdhIjIne bahu saMtoSa na hato. chatAM bIje divase gAMdhIjIe vAisaroyane eka tAra karI amadAvAdanA zaherIoe 'nyU inDiyA viruddha madrAsanI sarakAre lIdhelAM pagalAMno virodha vyakta karyo. Ama amadAvAdamAM homarUla AMdolananuM pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMDANa thayuM. e pachI oNkTobara 1916mAM zrI kaMcanalAla vAsudeva mahetA ane zrI lakSmIzaMkara harizaMkara jopInA prayAsothI amadAvAdamAM homarUla lIganI zAkhA sthapAI. amadAvAdanA jANItA berisTara maganabhAI caturabhAI paTela A zAkhAnA maMtrI tarIke nimAyA. A zAkhAmAM niyamita vividha rAjakIya muddAo para carcA-vicAraNA thatI, lekho lakhAtA ane prajAne homarUla AMdolana pratye sajAga banAvavAmAM AvatI. amadAvAdanI homarUla zAkhA taraphathI zrI lakSmIzaMkara joSIe 'lokala vorDajha vize, DaoN. hariprasAda bhaTTe 'prajAnuM Arogya ane hinda sarakAra' vize, maganabhAI paTele 'aMgreja sarakAranI vepArI jakAtanuM rahasya ane caMdulAla kAzIrAma davee zrIyuta gAMdhI ane svarAjaya vize sabhyo ane AmaMtrito samakSa carcA ane bhASaNo karyAM hatAM. 9 julAI, 1917nA roja amadAvAdamAM rA.ba.ramaNalAla mahipatarAya nIlakaMThanA pramukhasthAne maLelI eka jAherasabhAmAM vakIlo, vepArIo tathA vidyArthIo sahita AThaso mANaso hAjara rahyA hatA. temAM zrImatI enI besanTa ane temanA sAthIonI aMgreja sarakAre karela dharapakaDane vakhoDI kADhatA TharAvo pasAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. gujarAta sabhAnA upakrame 7 oNgasTa, 1917nA roja amadAvAda mukAme zrI jIvaNalAla vrajalAla desAInA pramukhasthAne maLela jAherasabhAmAM 300 mANaso hAjara rahyA hatA. vidyArthIone rAjakIya sabhAomAM hAjara rahevA para pratibaMdha mUkatA sarakAranA dhArAno sabhAnA badhA vaktAoe sakhata virodha karyo hato. amadAvAdamAM jAmI rahelA homarUla AMdolanane vadhu vegIluM banAvavAnA hetuthI muMbaInA homarUla lIganA gujarAtI netAo zrI jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa, ratanasI dharamazI, vakIla caMdrazaMkara paMDyA, zaMkaralAla ghelAbhAI benkara, manasukharAma AtmArAma mAstara, vageree 22 julAI, 1917nA roja amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. e ja divase rAtre maLelI jAherasabhA 1500 mANasothI bharAyelI hatI. vaktAoe homarUla AMdolanane mATe preraka pravacano karyAM hatAM. homarUla AMdolana amadAvAdanI prajAnA mAnasa para evuM to ghara karatuM jatuM hatuM ke ricI roDa para AvelA 'svadezI mitramaMDaLa' dvArA cAlatA svadezI sTora para lAla, lIlA raMgano homarUla AMdolanano dhvaja satata laherAto raheto hato. amadAvAdanI homarUla lIganI zAkhA enI besanTanI ola inDiyA homarUla lIga sAthe saMlagna hatI. pariNAme homarUla lIganA moTA bhAganA kAryakramono amala amadAvAdamAM thato hato. sabhA, saraghasa, carcAthI mAMDIne 'lisenTa dina'nI ujavaNI sudhInA kAryakramo niyamitapaNe amadAvAdamAM yojAtA rahyA hatA. amadAvAdamAM prasaratA jatA homarUla AMdolanathI prabhAvita thaI 12 mArca, 1918 nA roja rAtre nava vAgye zrImatI enI besanTe amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI. relve sTezana para gAMdhIjI, aMbAlAla sArAbhAI vageree temanuM bhavya svAgata karyuM. bIje divase amadAvAdanI homarUla zAkhA taraphathI zaheramAM temanuM vizALa saraghasa nIkaLyuM. 13 mArca, 1918 nA roja bhagubhAInA vaMDAmAM savAre 12 vAgye gAMdhIjInA pramukhapade vizALa jAherasabhA maLI. enI besanTe rASTrIya keLavaNI viSayaka potAnA vicAro vyakta karatAM kahyuM hatuM : "mAtRbhASA e ja prajAnuM jIvana che. je bhASAmAM ApaNe strI ane bALako sAthe vAtacIta karI zakIe te ja ApaNI svAbhAvika bhASA che." sabhAnA pramukhasthAnethI gAMdhIjIe kahyuM hatuM : "AkhA hindustAnamAM homarUlano dhvani comera phelAyo che ane nAnAM-moTAM gAmomAM paNa te dhvanie praveza karyo che. e badho pratApa te bAIno che... temaNe hAlanA vAtAvaraNamAM je AMdolana calAvyuM che tethI aneka lAbha thayA che. temanAM kArya, racanA ane vaktRtvano lAbha hinde lIdho che. pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 4 For Private and Personal Use Only w 166

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e ja divase sAMje pAMca vAgye enI besanTe 'hAlanI rAjakIya paristhitimAM ApaNuM kartavya-viSaya para jAherasabhAmAM bhASaNa karyuM hatuM. pachI to amadAvAda zaheramAMthI homarUla AMdolana jillAnAM gAmaDAMo bhuvAlaDI, aDAlaja, asalAlI, kALI, rANIpa, bArejA , dasakroI ane naroDA sudhI pahoMcyuM. homarUla lIganA AgevAnonAM bhASaNone sAMbhaLavA gAmaDAMnI prajA UmaTatI, amadAvAda zaheranA vistAro khADiyA, pAnakoranAkA, ricI roDa vageremAM paNa bhASaNono dora cAlato ane jyAM bhASaNo thayAM tyAM homarUla lIganA sabhya thavA gAmaDAM ane zaheranI prajAe paDApaDI karI. Ama, amadAvAda zahera ane jillAmAM homarUla lIganuM AMdolana sakriya rIte cAlyuM hatuM. 5. milamajUronI haDatAla gAMdhIjInA satyAgrahano saphaLa prayoga eTale amadAvAdanA milamajUronI pacIsa divasa cAlelI haDatAla 22 phebruArI, 1918 nA roja AraMbhAyelI. A haDatAlanA mULamAM prathama vizvayuddhane kAraNe moMghavArI vadhatAM mila majUroe pagAramAM 35 TakA bhAva-vadhArAnI karelI mAgaNI hatI. mila mAlikoe majUronI mAgaNI nahi svIkAratAM gAMdhIjIe temane paMca nImavA vInavyA. paNa mAlikoe teno asvIkAra karyo. AthI gAMdhIjIe majUrone haDatAla pADavAnI salAha ApI, haDatAliyA majUronI sabhA roja hAlanA gAMdhIpula pAse amara bAvaLiyA' nAmathI oLakhAtA jhADa nIce bharAtI. pacIsa divasanI haDatAlamAM gAMdhIjIe ApelAM lagabhaga tera pravacano ane haDatAlanI AcArasaMhitA vyakta karatI sattara patrikAo bahAra pADI hatI, jemAM gAMdhIjI majUrone temaNe levaDAvela pratijJAnuM smaraNa karAvI, zAMti jALavavAnI tathA svamAna sAcavavAnI AvazyakatA samajAvatA. 18 mArca 1918 sudhI cAlela A haDatAla daramiyAna majUra DagavA lAgyA. 14 mArca 1918 nA roja zrI chaganalAla gAMdhI jugaladAsanI cAlImAM rahelA majUrone savAranI sabhAmAM AvavA kahevA lAgyA tyAre keTalAka majUroe temane maheNuM mAratAM kahyuM : gAMdhIjI ane anasUyAbahenane zuM? teone moTaramAM AvavAnuM ane moTaramAM javAnuM. khAsuM khAvApIvAnuM, paNa amAro to jIva jAya che. sabhAmAM AvyuM kAMI bhUkhamaro TaLato nathI." A TIkAnI jANa gAMdhIjIne thaI. temaNe 15 mArcanI milamajUronI sabhAmAM bhASaNa karatAM jAhera karyuM : jayAM sudhI majUrone 3pa TakA vadhAro maLaze nahi tyAM sudhI huM khorAka laIza nahi, ane moTaramAM besIza nahi." 15 mArca, 1918 thI zarU thayelA gAMdhIjInA upavAsane kAraNe milamAliko samAdhAnanA rastA zodhavA lAgyA. chevaTe zrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva paMca tarIke nimAyA ane 18 mArca, 1918 nA roja savAre samAdhAna thayuM. Ama gAMdhIjInA traNa upavAsa pachI pacIsa divasanI milamajUronI haDatAlano aMta Avyo. paMcanA cukAdA mujaba majUrone 35 TakAno pagAra vadhAro maLyo.haDatAla daramiyAna amadAvAda zaheramAM saMpUrNa zAMti jaLavAI rahI hatI. A dharmayuddha'mAMthI majUro ane mAlikone paMca dvArA jhaghaDAono nikAla karavAno navo mArga maLyo. sane 1920 mAM amadAvAdamAM majUra mahAjananI sthApanA thaI. 7. raoNleTa eNkTa ane asahakAra AMdolana prathama vizvayuddha pUrNa thatAM hinda saMrakSaNa dhArAnI mudata pUrI thatI hovAthI bhAratanI svAtaMtrya caLavaLane dabAvI devA mATe sarakAre raoNleTa eNkTa pasAra karyo. 6 eprila, 1919 nA roja gAMdhIjIe e "kALA kAyadAno virodha karavA prajAne apIla karI. samagra bhAratamAM gAMdhIjInI apIlano amala thayo. amadAvAdamAM 6 eprilanA roja saMpUrNa haDatAla paDI ane vizALa saraghasa nIkaLyuM. pahelI vAra traNa lAkhanI vastIvALA zaheramAM pacIsa hajAranI medanInuM zistabaddha, zAMtimaya saraghasa nIkaLyuM. nadInI retamAM sabhA thaI. tene vallabhabhAI paTela, indulAla yAjJika ane kALIdAsa jarAkaraNa jhaverIe saMbodhI. 9mIe nadInI retamAM bIjI sabhA thaI. temAM svadezI pathika jatramAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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cIjonA vaparAzanI apIlo thaI. te vakhate ema jAhera thayuM ke gAMdhIjI tophAnanI jAtamAhitI meLavavA dilhI javA UpaDyA che. tA. 10 mIe gAMdhIjInA maMtrI mahAdevabhAI desAIno tAra Avyo. 'gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa thaI che." tArano anuvAda karI patrikAo vaheMcAya te pahelAM to zaheramAM vIjaLIvege samAcAra phelAI gayA. majUro milomAMthI bahAra AvyA. dukAno TapoTapa baMdha thavA mAMDI. ToLAM rastA para bhegAM thaI vAhanomAMthI lokone utArI mUkatA hatAM. be yuropiyana samsa ane sTepe gADImAMthI UtaravAnI nA pADI ane gAMdhIjI mATe aNachAjatA zabdo 'Dema gAMdhI' uccAryA eTale loko uzkerAyA, baMnene paththaro mArI bhagADI mUkyA. temAMthI eka chamakaluM thayuM ane polIse goLIbAra karyo. eka hindI polIsane athaDAmaNamAM IjA thaI ane pAchaLathI tenuM avasAna thayuM. ricI roDa (gAMdhI mArga para, pAnakoranAkA ane bAlA hanumAna pAse bethI traNa hajAranuM ToLuM ekaThuM thayuM ane sazastra polIsa para paththara pheMkAyA. vallabhabhAI paTela, indulAla yAjJika vagere netAo zAMti jALavavA zaheramAM pharI vaLyA ane tophAna aTakyuM. loko zAMtithI vikherAI gayA. sAMje nadInI retamAM sabhA thaI. vallabhabhAI paTela, indulAla yAjJika ane kastUrabhAIe sabhAmAM saMbodhana karyuM. prajAne zAMti jALavavAno ane bIje divase kAme caDI javAno zaherIjanone anurodha karyo. paNa chatAM bIje divase dAvAnaLa saLagyo. ToLAM vIpharyA, gyAsatelathI sarakArI ophiso, kacerIo saLagAvI. AjanA lAla daravAjA pAsenA medAnamAM pahelI ja vAra meTrikanI parIkSA mATe maMDapa baMdhAyo hato tene Aga cAMpavAmAM AvI. sarakAranI 51 kacerIo toDI, daravAjAonI bhAMgaphoDa karI Teliphona vAyaro kApI nAkhyA, vIjaLInA goLAnA bhukkA bolAvyA. svAminArAyaNa ane gosAIjI mahArAjanA maMdiro para daroDo pADI baMdUko ane anya zastro lUMTyAM. bAlA hanumAna pAse eka briTiza sArjanTa kejharane goLIe dIdho. kalekaTaranA aMgata madadanIza rAvabahAdura bulAkhIdAsa ane nivRtta polIsa inspekTara khAnabahAdura husenamiyAnAM makAno lUMTI lIdhAM ane bulAkhIdAse to strIonAM kapaDAM paherI nAsavuM paDyuM. zaheranI tamAma polIsa cokIonA bhukkA bolAvAyA. dArUnI dukAno lUMTI levAI. lUMTArAoe pivAya teTalo pIdho ane bIjo rastA para DhoLI dIdho. hindI sipAIone yuniphorma utAravAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI. amadAvAdanA kalekaTare tophAnamAM thayelA nukasAna badala lokono rU. 8,86, 60nI rakamano sAmUhika daMDa karyo. Ama AkhuM amadAvAda zahera arAjakatAmaya banI gayuM. sarakAre lazkarI kAyado jAhera karyo. AkhuM zahera lazkarane havAle karavAmAM AvyuM. gAMdhIjIne jANa thatAM teo 13 eprila, 1919 nA roja amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyA. kamiznara, kalekaTara inspekTara janarala opha polIsane maLyA ane hullaDa aMge dilagIrI vyakta karI. e dilagIrInA bhAgarUpe botera kalAkanA upavAsa AraMbhyA. AkhA zaheramAM mArzala lo hato eTale zaheramAM sabhA thaI zake tema na hatI. e vakhate sAbaramatI Azrama amadAvAda nagarapAlikAnI hada bahAra hato. eTale sAMjanA cAra vAgye gAMdhIjIe sAbaramatI AzramamAM jAherasabhA bharI jemAM vallabhabhAI paTele gAMdhIjInuM bhASaNa vAMcI saMbhaLAvyuM. vIsa hajAra jeTalA mANasonI A jAherasabhAmAM gAMdhIjIe lokone sakhata Thapako Apyo ane prajAne kAme caDI javA apIla karI. Ama chatAM amadAvAda zahera ane jillAmAM svadezI caLavaLa, rASTrIya keLavaNI ane saMgaThana aMgenI jehAda cAlu rahI hatI. 1919 nA navembaramAM surata mukAme maLela gujarAta rAjakIya pariSadanA trIjA adhivezanamAM zrI indulAla yAjJikane kheDUta maMDaLonA saMgaThananI kAmagIrI soMpAI hatI. saradAra paTele paNa kheDUta maMDaLo sthApavAnA sUcanano saharSa svIkAra karyo hato. pariNAme amadAvAda jillAnA daskroI tAlukAnA kheDUtonuM maMDaLa racavA 6 phebruArI, 1920 nA roja daskroI tAlukAnA jetalapura gAme eka sabhAnuM Ayojana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te vakhate niyamita vAhanonI sagavaDa na hovAne kAraNe vallabhabhAI paTela khAsa moTaramAM jetalapura AvyA. Azare trIseka gAmanA eka hajAra kheDUto jetalapuranI A sabhAmAM hAjara rahyA hatA. vallabhabhAI paTelanA pramukhapade maLela A sabhAmAM DaoN. hariprasAda desAI, zrI hariprasAda mahetA, zrI mohanalAla paMDyA vagere netAo hAjara rahyA hatA. pathika ke naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 % 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jetalapura, bArejA, asalAlI gAmanA kheDUtoe nahera khAtAnA julamanI, pANI-vahecaNImAM thatA anyAyanI, taLAvanI himAyatanA bhAre daranI bhAre Akroza sAthe rajUAta karI hatI. A sabhAmAM vArSika eka rUpiyAnA lavAjamathI kAyamI kheDUtasabhA sthApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. gAmamAM pustakAlaya, ane davAkhAnono paNa prajAkalyANa ane jAgRti mATe upayoga karavAnuM AgevAnoe sUcavyuM. amadAvAda jillAnA kheDUtomAM AvI rahela jAgRti A sabhAmAM jovA maLI. 27, 28, 29 oNgasTa, 1920nA roja amadAvAdamAM zrI abbAsa taiyabajInA pramukhapada nIce cothI gujarAta rAjakIya pariSada maLI. pariSadanI svAgata samitinA pramukha zrI vallabhabhAI paTela hatA. ra7mInA roja bhagubhAInA vaMDAnA vizALa cogAnamAM bAMdhavAmAM Avela maMDapa jillAnA seMkaDo kAryakaro ane amadAvAdanA hajAro zrotAothI bharAI gayo hato. pariSadanA maMca para gAMdhIjI, vallabhabhAI paTela, abbAsa taiyabajI ane anya agragaNya netAo birAjamAna hatA. pariSadamAM gAMdhIjIe asahakArano TharAva rajU karyo. tenA be muddAo khAsa noMdhapAtra hatA : (1) paMjAba ane khilAphatano anyAya dUra karavA asahakAra AMdolana jarUrI che. svarAjayanA mULabhUta adhikArano temAM niSedha na hato. (2) aThavADiyA pachI ja koMgresa mahAsabhAnI beThaka kalakattAmAM maLavAnI hatI. chatAM A TharAva keMgresane bhalAmaNa rUpa na hato, paNa chevaTanA nirNayarUpa hato. kAMgresanI beThakamAM game te nirNaya levAya, paNa gujarAtanI A pariSade to gAMdhIjInI AgevAnI nIce asahakAranI laData ApavAnuM prajAne vacana ApyuM ja hatuM. asahakAranA udayakALathI ja gAMdhIjI videzI mAla ane taMtranA bahiSkAra sAthe racanAtmaka kAryano paNa Agraha rAkhatA hatA. tethI sarakArI zikSaNa saMsthAono bahiSkAra saphaLa banAvavA rASTrIya zALAo sthApavAno TharAva paNa gAMdhIjIe sUcavyo hato. A TharAvanI vistRta carcA pachI sarvAnumatte amadAvAdamAM gujarAta vidyApITha sthApavAno pariSade TharAva karyo. tenA saMcAlananI badhI vyavasthA karavA eka samitinI racanA karavAmAM AvI. tenA maMtrI tarIke zrI kizoralAla mazarUvAlA ane zrI indulAla yAjJikane nImavAmAM AvyA, - A pariSadamAM zrI vAmanarAva mukAdama ane zrI dayALajI desAIe bhASaNo karyA hatAM. A pariSadanI anya eka viziSTatA e paNa hatI ke prathamavAra gujarAtanA muslimoe moTI saMkhyAmAM pariSadamAM hAjarI ApI hatI. suratanA saiyada enDrusa, bharUcanA asadaalI ane naDiyAdanA ismAIla gAMdhIe pariSadamAM prathamavAra bhAga lIdho hato. A pariSada asahakArano nirNAyaka TharAva karavAmAM samagra dezamAM prathama hatI. gAMdhIjIe e mATe pariSadanA pratinidhione dhanyavAda ApyA hatA. kharekhara asahakAra AMdolanano TharAva pasAra karI svAtaMtrya AMdolananA itihAsamAM A pariSade prathama pahela karI hatI. e nAte A pariSadanuM vizeSa mahattva che. kAraNa ke kalakattAmAM maLanAra keMgresa mahAsabhAnI beThakamAM gujarAta rAjakIya pariSadano asahakArano TharAva mahattvano ane simAcihna rUpa banI rahyo hato. A pariSadanA be mAsa pachI ja 18 okTobara 1920 nA roja amadAvAdamAM rASTrIya keLavaNInA vicArane sAkAra karatI gUjarAta vidyApIThanI sthApanA thaI. 1920nI 8 sapTembaranA roja maLelI kalakattAmAM koMgresanI beThakamAM asahakArano TharAva pasAra karavAmAM Avyo. pariNAme amadAvAdanI moDela hAIskUla, prAyamarI hAIskUla, ane siTI hAIskUle aMgreja sarakAra sAtheno saMbaMdha toDI nAkhyo. gujarAta kolejanA 35 vidyArthIoe kolejano tyAga karyo. amadAvAdamAM vallabhabhAI paTela, kRSNalAla desAI, ga.vA.mAvaLaMkara kALIdAsa jhaverI vagere agragaNya vakIloe vakIlAtano tyAga karyo. gAMdhIjIe "kaisare hinda'no suvarNapadaka vAisaraoNyane parata karyo. pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobaur Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir amadAvAda nagarapAlikAnA be zikSaka zrI zaMkarabhAI nAraNabhAI paTela ane zrI bhogIlAla kezavalAla zAhe to borDane arajI karIne jaNAvI dIdhuM ke, "rASTrIya mahAsabhAe asahakArano Adeza Apyo che e svIkAravA myunisipAliTI taiyAra hoya to ja ame myunisipAliTImAM nokarImAM cAlu rahevA khuza chIe. jo myunisipAliTI e mujaba karavA na mAMgatI hoya to amArA rAjInAmAM svIkAro."11 asahakAranI laData daramiyAna amadAvAdamAM dArUniSedha tathA svadezI kApaDanA bahiSkAranI caLavaLa sakriya rIte cAlI hatI. 1921nA sapTembaranI 18mI tArIkhe zuddha svadezI khAdInA poSAkamAM Azare trIsa hajAranI medanIvALuM saraghasa zaheranA mukhya mArgo para pharyuM hatuM. saraghasanI vacce videzI kApaDanI bharelI gADIo ane moTaronI pAlanapura daravAje videzI kApaDanI gAMsaDIo khAlI karI seMkaDo rezamI sADIo, kasabI sADIo, heTsa, TopIo, kolarsa, koTa, penTa, TAI, dhotiyAM, khamIsa, jekeTa vagereno Dhaga khaDakAyo. tyAM sabhA thaI. jemAM vallabhabhAI paTela bhASaNa karyuM. pachI temanA haste ja videzI kApaDanA e DhagamAM agni mukAyo. gAMdhIjIe paNa A rIte paO thI 60 hajAranI medanI samakSa videzI kApaDanI hoLI karI hatI. amadAvAda jillAnA anya tAlukAomAM paNa asahakAra AMdolananA paDaghA paDyA hatA. viramagAmamAM lokonAM ToLAMoe sarakArI makAnone Aga lagADI. polIsa goLIbAra karyo. polIsanA goLIbAramAM cha mANaso mAryA javAthI goLIbArano hukama ApanAra hindI adhikArIne paNa lokoe saLagAvI dIdho. vIramagAmamAM pa0 mANaso para polIsa kesa thayA. jayAre ra7 jaNane sajA karavAmAM AvI. Ama asahakAranI javALA samagra amadAvAda zahera ane jillAmAM prasarI gaI. 9. koMgresa mahAsabhAnuM 36muM adhivezana koMgresa mahAsabhAnuM chatrIsamuM adhivezana, 27, 28 Disembara 1921 nA roja amadAvAdamAM maLyuM, jeNe amadAvAda zahera ane jillA sAthe samagra gujarAtane asahakAramaya banAvavAmAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo. adhivezananA AyojanamAM gujarAta ane khAsa karIne amadAvAdanI prajAno utsAha mAto na hato. gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTelanA sIdhA mArgadarzana taLe gujarAtanAM nAnA-moTA aneka kAryakaro amadAvAdamAM mahAsabhAnI taiyArImAM lAgI gayA hatA. hajAra hajAra, pAMcaso so so rUpiyAnI svAgata sabhya TikiTo lokoe hoMzathI kharIdI hatI. adhivezananI khAsa viziSTatA e hatI ke sau prathamavAra bhAratIya beThakavyavasthA rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. maMDapa khAdIno bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato, jayAre maMDapanI aMdaranuM suzobhana paNa zuddha bhAratIya ja rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. adhivezananA svAgata pramukhazrI vallabhabhAI paTela hatA, jyAre pramukha zrI hakIma ajamalakhAna hatA. bhAratanA tamAma pradezomAMthI eTale ke 19 vibhAgomAMthI badhA maLIne 4728 pratinidhio adhivezanamAM AvyA hatA. A adhivezanamAM gAMdhIjIe asahakArano aitihAsika TharAva rajU karyo hato. gAMdhIjInA A TharAvane zrI viThThalabhAI paTela tathA zAradApIThanA zrI zaMkarAcArye Teko Apyo hato. adhivezana sAthe ja khAdI ane grAmodyoga tathA svadezI kArIgarInuM suMdara pradarzana yojavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. prajAmAM svadezInI bhAvanA jAgRta thAya, dezanA udyogo vadhe e hetu dhyAnamAM rAkhIne dezamAM banatI jAtajAtanI vastuo ane kArIgarInuM A pradarzana amadAvAdanI prajAmAM AkarSaNanuM kendra banyuM hatuM. hajAronI saMkhyAmAM loko te jovA AvyA hatA. A adhivezanamAM thayelA saMparNa dANaniSedha ane asahakAra adhivezananA gujarAtanA A etihAsika TharAvane kAraNe amadAvAdanuM A adhivezana bhAratanA svAtaMtraya itihAsamAM haMmezA yAda raheze. 10. gAMdhIjI para cAlela aitihAsika mukadamo uttara pradezanA gorakhapura najIka AvelA carAcaurImAM loko dvArA hiMsA thaI. pariNAme gAMdhIjIe pathika vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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asahakAra AMdolana mokUpha rAkhavAnI jAherAta karI. aMgreja sarakAre e takano lAbha laI 10 mArca 1922 nA roja amadAvAdanA sAbaramatI AzramamAMthI gAMdhIjI ane zrI zaMkaralAla benkaranI dharapakaDa karI ane samagra bhAratanuM dhyAna amadAvAda para kendrita thayuM. moTAbhAganA rASTrIya netAo amadAvAda doDI AvyA : sarojinI nAyaDu, javAharalAla neharu, rAjendra bAbu, saradAra paTela, vagere. yaMga inDiyA'mAM gAMdhIjIe lakhelA traNa lekhone rAjadrohI gaNI aMgreja sarakAre tenA lekhaka gAMdhIjI ane tenA prakAzaka zrI zaMkaralAla benkara upara rAjadrohano Aropa mUkyo hato. gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa ane temanA para bhAratIya daMDasaMhitAnI kalama 125-e anvaye keIsa calAvavAnI jAherAte samagra dezanuM dhyAna amadAvAda para kendriya karyuM. dUra dUrathI loko keIsa nihALavA amadAvAdamAM ThalavAvA lAgyA, 'amadAvAdanA kaherAmAM UbhA rahenAra eka mahAtmA ane zikSakanA svarUpe vidyA para gahana prabhAva pADanAra mahAna vyaktitva, temanA para lagADavavAmAM Avela Aropa, cAlanAra mukadamA aMgenA mahattvanA muddAo dezanI tatkAlIna rAjakIya paristhiti ane A mukadamAne kAraNe bhAratanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAma para paDanAra pratyAghAto, A tamAma bAbatoe A mukadamAne mahattvapUrNa ane aitihAsika banAvI dIdho hato. amadAvAdamAM zAhIbAga vistAramAM AvelA sarakITa hAusanA holamAM 18 mArca, 1922 nA roja nyAyAdhIza bumaphilDanI samakSa gAMdhIjIno keIsa cAlyo. hola rASTrIya netAo ane prajAthI cikkAra bharAyelo hato. adAlatanA khaMDamAM gAMdhIjInA Agamana samayanuM citra rajU karatAM sarojinI nAyaDu lakhe che : kAnUnanI najaramAM eka abhiyukta ane aparAdhI evA gAMdhIjI adAlatanA khaMDamAM pravezyA ke tarata adAlata svayaM temane mAna ApavA UbhI thaI gaI. vakSakAyA para khAdInA alpa barachaTa vastro dhAraNa karelA atyaMta zAMta caherA sAthe adbhuta vyaktitva dharAvanAra gAMdhIjI potAnA niSThAvAna ziSya zaMkaralAla benkara sAthe adAlatanA korA pAse AvyA. kaTherA pAsenI khurazI pAse thoDA aTakyA. mArI sAme joI smita karatAM bolyA, to tuM ahIyAM eTalA mATe beThI che ke huM AghAta pAmI DhaLI paDe to mane sahAro ApI zake' ane temanA hoTho pAchA hasI paDyA. temanA e hAsyamAM samagra bALakonI praphullitatA DokiyAM karatI hatI. pachI adAlata khaMDamAM temaNe eka najara nAkhI. samagra bhAratamAMthI AvelA potAnA paricitonA caherAo joI. teo bolI UThyA : "mane to A adAlata nahIM paNa parivArajanono meLo lAge che. pachI nyAyadhIza sAme eka najara karatAM gAMdhIjI gunegAranA kaTherAmAM pravezyA tyAre nyAyAdhIza bramaphilDanI mAnabharI najaroe temane AvakAryA ane adAlatI kAryavAhIno AraMbha thayo. sarakArI vakIla ane nyAyadhIzane ema ke kesa lAMbo cAlaze, paNa gAMdhIjIe guno kabUla karI lIdho. eTale nyAyAdhIzanuM kAma saraLa banI gayuM. temaNe gAMdhIjIne khullI korTamAM kaMI kahevuM hoya to kahevAnI chUTa ApI eTale gAMdhIjIe korTa samakSa potAno ekarAra vAMcI saMbhaLAvyo. e vakhate adAlatamAM apUrva dezya sarjAyuM. gAMdhIjI jema jema ekarAra vAMcatA gayA tema tema zrotAonAM hRdaya valovAtAM gayAM. lokhaMDI manobaLa dharAvatA vallabhabhAI paTelanI AMkho paNa UbharAI AvI. gAMdhIjIe potAnA hRdayadrAvaka ekarAramAM kahyuM : "aMgrejonAM A dezamAM pagalAM thayAM te pahelAM hindustAna potAnAM lAkho jhUMpaDAMmAM kAMtatuM ane vaNatuM hatuM. khetImAMthI emane thoDIghaNI AjIvikA maLatI. temAM adhUruM rahetuM te reTiyo kAMtIne kheDUto pUruM karI detA. hindanI jIvAdorIsamo A udyoga aMgrejoe ghAtakI rIte bhAMgI nAMkhyo.. hindustAnanI adhapeTe rahetI garIba prajA dhIme dhIme motanA moMmAM homAtI jAya che. zaheranA paisAdAro je najIvA mojazokha ane vaibhava bhogave che te hindane cUsanAra paradezI mUDIdAronAM teo ghara bhare che. tenA badalAmAM e TukaDA maLe che, enuM ene bhAna nathI... kAyadAne jore hindamAM rAja karatI A sarakAra garIba prajAne cUsavA mATe ja cAlI rahI che, enI paNa teone gama nathI.. pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A duniyAne mATe Izvara jevo koI mAlika hoya to aMgrejoe temaja hindustAnanAM badhAM zaheromAM vasanArAoe mAnavajAtinA itihAsamAM jeno joTo na jaDe evA gunAne mATe javAba devo paDaze emAM mane chAMTabhAra zaka nathI.' Akho korTa hola khIcokhIca bharelo hato. sau ekadhyAne gAMdhIjInI vANI sAMbhaLI rahyA hatA. e samayanI sthitino AMkhedekhyo citAra ApatAM zrI ena. ke. prabhu lakhe che : gAMdhIjI ekarAranAmuM vAMcatA hatA tyAre ane e pachI korTaholamAM je mAhola hato tene zabdomAM vyakta karavo asaMbhava che. tyAM beThela dareka vyakti gAMdhIjInA eke eka zabdane dhyAnathI sAMbhaLI rahyo hato. nyAyAdhIza, eDavokeTa janarala, lazkarI adhikArI, ane rAjakIya netAo sau koI e aitihAsika ekarAranAmAne kAna mAMDIne sAMbhaLI rahyA hatA. gAMdhIjIne ekarAranAmuM vAMcatAM paMdara miniTa lAgI. jema jema teo e vAMcatA gayA tema tema pratikSaNa korTarUmanuM vAtAvaraNa badalAtuM gayuM. gAMdhIjInI udAtta AtmasvIkRti, yuktiyukta tarka, utkRSTa bhASaNa zailI, ucca vicAra ane asarakAraka rajUAtane nyAyAdhIza ane eDavokeTa janarala sahita saune prabhA hatA. eka kSaNa to sau cakita banI vicArI rahyA hatA ke mukadamo konA para cAlI rahyo che, eka aMgreja nyAyadhIza sAme UbhelA mahAtmA gAMdhIjI para ke Izvara ane InsAniyatanA TherAmAM Ubhela briTiza sarakAra para ? gAMdhIjIe potAnuM ekarAranAmuM vAMcI saMbhaLAvyA pachI paNa keTalIka kSaNo korTarUmamAM saMpUrNa zAMti jaLavAI rahI. bharacaka korTarUmamAM beThela mAnavasamUhanA zvAsozvAsano avAja sudhdhAM saMbhaLAto na hato. eka soya paNa paDe to AsAnIthI teno avAja saMbhaLAya teTalI zAMti AkhA holamAM chavAyelI hatI." aMte aMgreja nyAyAdhIza jhumaphilve atyaMta duHkha sAthe potAno cukAdo Apyo. gAMdhIjIne cha varSanI AsAna kedanI sajA jAhera karatAM nyAyamUrtie eTaluM khAsa umeryuM, "bhaviSyamAM paristhiti badalAtAM sarakAra tamane choDI mUke to mArA jeTalo AnaMda bIjA koIne nahIM thAya." gAMdhIjIne cha varSanI sajA jAhera thatAM ja amadAvAdanA zAhIbAgamAM AvelA sarakITa hAusamAM karuNa dazyo sarjAyAM. gAMdhIjIne vaMdana karIne vidAya detAM bhalabhalAM strI-puruSo ane netAo potAnI lAgaNI rokI zakyA nahIM. jo ke prajAnI khumArI, lAgaNInA pravAhamAM jhAjhI taNAI nahIM. 'mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI jaya' jevAM gaganabhedI sUtrothI vAtAvaraNamAM punaH rAjakIya jusso prasarI gayo ane polIsa suprinTenDenTanI moTara gAMdhIjIne laIne sAbaramatI jela tarapha doDI gaI. 11, dAMDIkUca gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa pachI jema bhAratanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM thoDo samaya suSuptatA pravartI temaja amadAvAda ane jillAnA pradezomAM paNa thoDI niSkriyatA pravezI. Ama chatAM racanAtmaka kAryo pratyenI gAMdhI-svayaMsevakonI sakriyatAe e avakAzane pUravAmAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo hato. mAMdagInAM kAraNosara aMgreja sarakAre gAMdhIjIne karyA. ane gAMdhIjI svastha thatAM pAchA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM sakriya thayA. 31 Disembara 1929nA roja rAvi nadInA kinAre lAhoramAM mahAsabhAnI beThakamAM saMpUrNa svarAja mATeno TharAva pasAra thayo, paNa gAMdhIjI e samaye kaMIka judI ja mathAmaNamAM hatA. koMgresa pramukhanA hoddA para rahyA vagara paNa deza mATe kaMIka navuM karI chUTavA temanA manamAM kaMIka valovAI rahyuM hatuM. 6-10-1929 nA roja gujarAtanA racanAtmaka kAryakara ane svAtaMtrya sainika zrI chaganalAla joSIne gorakhapurathI lakhelA eka patramAM A mathAmaNane vAcA ApatAM temaNe lakhyuM hatuM : huM pramukha (lAhora keMgresano) na thayo eTale jAnyuArImAM kaMI paNa karavAnI mArA svabhAva pramANe ane gItAjInA zikSaNa pramANe mArI javAbadArI bevaDI thaI. jema paisAne mATe kAma karanAra karatAM kevaLa kAmane ja arthe pathika ke naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAma karanAranI javAbadArI vadhAre hoya che tema athavA gItAnI bhASAmAM tAja paherIne kAma karavAmAM rAga hovAno saMbhava hoya paNa tAja tyAga karIne thayela kAma vadhAre rAgarahita hovAno saMbhava che.14 lAhora kAMgresanuM kArya pUrNa karI gAMdhIjI AzramamAM AvyA. thoDA samaya bAda eka rAtre temane spaSTa aMtaranAda saMbhaLAyo. temane lAgyuM ke, 'AjanI sthitimAM khAdIkAmathI saMtoSa mAnIne besI rahuM to mArI ahiMsA lAje ema huM spaSTa mAnuM chuM.' ane 30mI jAnyuArI 1930 nA roja yaMga inDiyAmAM gAMdhIjIe vAisaraoNya samakSa agiyAra mAgaNIo mUkI. 14 thI 16 phebruArI 1930 daramiyAna amadAvAda mukAme kaoNMgresa varkiMga kamiTinI beThaka maLI jemAM satyAgrahanI laData upADavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM ane e mATenI sarva sattA gAMdhIjIne ApavAmAM AvI. Ama deza mATe kaMIka navo ja satyAgraha AdaravAnA gAMdhIjInA vicArane dizA maLI. 23 phebruArI 1930nA 'navajIvana' nA aMkamAM gAMdhIjIe 'satyAgrahanI niyamAvalI' bahAra pADI. ane 27 phebruArI 1930nA 'yaMga inDiyA'nA aMkamAM mIThAnA kAyadAnA bhaMgano nirdeza karyo. 2 mArca 1930nA roja gAMdhIjIe vAisaraoNyane chello patra lakhyo ane jaNAvyuM ke, 'A dhamakI nathI paNa dharmakRtya che.' satyAgrahanA A yuddhane dharmayuddha lekhI e tarapha gAMdhIjIe makkama Daga mAMDyAM. 5 mArca, 1930nI sAMjanI sabhAmAM gAMdhIjIe dAMDIkUca vize jAherAta karI ane kahyuM : 'dAMDIyAtrAmAM je AzramavAsIo joDAvA icche te joDAI zake che. koIne joDAvA mATe huM kahevAno nathI. paraMtu zarata e che ke dezanA AjhAdInA yajJamAM homAI javAnuM che, pAchA pharavAnuM nathI. je saMkaTo Ave te hasate moMe jhIlavAnAM che AvI taiyArI hoya te ja potAnuM nAma lakhAve.' amadAvAdanI dharatI para janmela ane tyAMthI ja AraMbhAyela gAMdhIjInI A dAMDIyAtrAe samagra deza ane duniyAnI najara amadAvAda para kendrita karI dIdhI. amadAvAdanI prajA mATe to A ghaTanA rASTrIya parva samI banI rahI. dAMDIkUcanA Agale divase eTale ke 11 mArca, 1930 nA roja sAMje sAbaramatInI retImAM eka lAkhanI vizALa mAnavamedanIne saMbodhatAM gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, 'Ane sau mAruM vasiyatanAmuM bhale samaje. kUca karatAM pahelAM ke jela jatAM pahelAM ATalo ja saMdezo ApavAno che. je yuddhano AraMbha AvatIkAlathI athavA huM ekAda kalAkamAM pakaDAvAno houM to tyArathI thavAno che, te yuddha svarAja maLatAM sudhI kadI baMdha na thAya.'15 12 mArca, 1930 nI savAre cAra vAgye AzramanA aMtevAsIonI prArthanA zAMta ane gaMbhIra vAtAvaraNamAM thaI. kUca pahelAMnI A chellI prArthanAnA sUra thoDA gamagIna hatA. svarAja mATe mahattvanI laDatano AraMbha karatAM kUca karanAra TukaDIne uddezIne gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, 'huM atyAre pakaDAuM to zrI abbAsa taiyabajI tamArI sAthe Ave evI mArI yojanA che. temAM tame e bujharga ane anubhavInI sevA karIne badhI sagavaDa karI ApavAnuM na cUkazo.' 1. ane savAre 6-30 kalAke gAMdhIjIe aMgreja sarakAranI gulAmImAMthI bhAratane mukta karAvavA amadAvAdanI bhUmi parathI potAnA 78 sAthIo sAthe kUca AraMbhI. temanI pAchaLa moTI mAnavamedanI cheka caMDoLA taLAva sudhI cAlI. 8-30 kalAke caMDoLA taLAve sau pahoMcyA. tyAM gAMdhIjIe amadAvAdanA AMgaNe samagra dezamAMthI temanI kUcane vidAya ApavA bheLA thayelA mAnavamaherAmaNone saMbodhatAM kahyuM : "tamane mAre kahevAnuM e che ke tame mArA upara ATalo prema batAvo cho te tyAre sAco kahevAya ke jyAre tame khAdInuM kAma karo, paradezI kADho, reTiyo calAvo, bIjAne te badhuM karavA prero. dArU choDo ane bIjAne premapUrvaka pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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choDAvo, aMtyaja sAtheno bhedabhAva bhUlo, tame e rasto lyo, huM A rasto lauM chuM. huM kyAM sudhI chUTo rahI zakIza te kahevAya nahi ane baLa jaze to tamArA baLe mAre chUTavuM che. 17 caMDoLAthI kUca asalAlI tarapha AgaLa vadhI. asalAlI jatAM rastAmAM nAnAM nAnAM be-traNa gAmaDAMmAM loko AnaMda ane utsAhathI UbharAtA hatA. asalAlI gAMdhIjInI TakaDI lagabhaga rAtre dasa vAgye pahoMcI, dAMDIyAtrAnA bAra mAIlano A prathama pravAsa hato. AzramathI asalAlInA raste svAgata ane bhIDane kAraNe samaya bagaDyo te bAda karIne to traNa kalAkamAM bAra mAIla gAMdhIjIe kApyA hatA, asalAlIthI eka mAIla dUra gAmane pAdare hajAreka loko mahAtmAjInuM sAmaiyuM karavA AvyA hatA. jAtajAtanAM vAjiMtro vAgatAM hatAM. zaMkha, bhUMgaLa, Dhola, jhAMjha, thALI ema jene je hAtha lAgyuM te laIne AnaMdamagna loko jANe lagnano prasaMga hoya tema AvyA hatA. e pachI gAmanI dharmazALAmAM mukAma thayo. AkhA gAmanI saphAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. ane dhajA-toraNathI zaNagAra thayo hato. naDiyAda kUca pahoMcI tyAM sudhInAM gAmomAM suMdara sagavaDa ane vyavasthA karavAmAM asalAlIno naMbara pahela gAmanA juvAna lagabhaga pAMcaso jeTalI saMkhyAmAM hAkala paDatAM jhukAvavA tatpara hatA ane mULapaTelo ane rAvaliyAnA rAjInAmAnI laDatanI AnuSaMgika pravRtti, temAM paNa ama gAme zrIgaNeza mAMDyA hatA. asalAlInA mULa matadAroe rAjInAmAM ApI dIdhA. Akho divasa ane rAta mahAtmAjIno mukAma A gAme rahyo. asalAlInI sabhAmAM gAmanA, AjubAjunAM gAmonA ane TheTha amadAvAdathI lagabhaga ATha hajAra mANaso hAjara rahyA hatA. asalAlInI jAherasabhAmAM gAMdhIjIe prajAne saMbodhatAM kahyuM hatuM, "mIThAno kara to have javo ja joIe. AzramathI TheTha caMDoLA sudhI sAta mAIla jyAM mANasonI ThaThanI haTha bhegI thaIne amane AzIrvAda Ape che, ane je dezya to kvone paNa jovAlAyaka hatuM e zubhacihna che. ane eka pagathiyuM caDI zakIe to svAtaMtraya-mahelanA bIjA pagathiyAM TapaTapa caDI jazuM.'' asalAlIthI nIkaLI 13 mArcanA roja gAMdhIjInI TukaDI amadAvAda jillAnA bArejA gAme pahoMcI ahIMyAM paNa gAmalokoe temanuM suMdara svAgata karyuM. loko gAMdhIjIne jovA, maLavA ane temanA AzIrvAda levA utsuka hatA. paNa bArejA gAma aMge gAMdhIjIne mAhitI maLI hatI tenAthI teo thoDA duHkhI thayA hatA. e duHkhI thayA hatA e duHkhane potAnA bhASaNamAM vyakta karatAM temaNe kahyuM hatuM, kUcano AraMbha thayA pachI A bIjo mukAma che ane jema pahele mukAme mane gAmanI hakIkata maLI evI ahIM paNa maLI che. e vAMcIne mane duHkha paNa thayuM. amadAvAdathI ATalI najIka hovA chatAM khAdIno vaparAza, paheranAra tathA reTiyAnA khAnA sAme mIMDuM che. meM uttara ane dakSiNa hindamAM evo niyama karelo ke khAdIdhArI hajAma hoya to tenI pAse hajAmata karAvato. paNa ahIM to tame khAdIthI paNa ghaNA dUra cho. svataMtratAnA pAyAmAM khAdI che. badhAne e vastu priya che. paraMtu have to khAdInI pAchaLa evo vicAya reDAya che ke khAdI paherIe to jelamAM javuM paDe ane maravuM paDe. bArejA gAmamAM eke khAdIdhArI nathI e to bahu ja duHkhanI vAta che. atyAre A khAdIno bhaMDAra che, tame e eba jarUra kADhI zakazo, ApaNI mAtAne jADI ke kadarUpI hovAne kAraNe tyajI bIjI koI suMdara bAIne te sthAne ApaNe svIkAratA nathI. vilAyatI kapaDAMmAMthI svAdhInatA kadI maLatI nathI. mojazokha mUkIne saune vinaMtI che ke A DhagalAmAMthI tame khAdI lejo."20 bArejAthI lagabhaga nava mAIlanuM aMtara kApI 13 mArcanI rAtre 8-45 kalAke gAMdhIjI kheDA jillAnA navAgAmamAM pravezyA. Ama amadAvAda jillAmAM dAMDIkUce sAbaramatI AzramathI caMDoLA taLAva, asalAlI ane bArejA sudhInuM lagabhaga bAvIsa mAIlanuM aMtara kApyuM hatuM. pathika ja vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2015 + 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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12. savinaya kAnUnabhaMga amadAvAda zahera ane jillAe haMmezA rASTrIya pravAhamAM sAmela thaI rASTrIya laDatomAM potAno sUra purAvyo che. sAyamana kamizanano jayAre AkhA bhArate virodha karyo tyAre paNa amadAvAdanA yuvAno pAchA paDyA na hatA. 12 okTobara 1928 nA roja sAyamana kamizana bIjIvAra muMbaI AvyuM tyAre amadAvAdanI gujarAta kaoNlejanA keTalAka vidyArthIoe rASTrabhaktithI prerAIne haDatAla pADIne satrAMta parIkSAno bahiSkAra karyo hato. riNAme kolejanA AcAryazrI zirAje temanI sAme zistabhaMganAM pagalAM lIdhAM. tenA virodhamAM rohita mahetAnI heThaLa vidyArthIoe 39 divasanI lAMbI haDatAla pADI. A haDatAla daramiyAna saradAra paTela, AcArya kRpalANI, ga.vA.mAvaLaMkara, Do. hariprasAda desAI ane DaoN. kAnUgAe vidyArthIone satata mArgadarzana pUruM pADyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe paNa vidyArthIonI A haDatAlane nyAyI gaNAvI dhyeya siddha thAya tyAM sudhI makkama rahevA jaNAvyuM hatuM. 30 jAnyuArI 1929 nA roja gujarAta ane amadAvAda jillAnI tamAma zALA kolejoe haDatAla pADIne akhila bhArata gujarAta koleja dina nI ujavaNI karI hatI. zALA-kolejo uparAMta rASTrIya laDato pratye amadAvAda nagarapAlikAe paNa prajAne protsAhaka baLa pUruM pADyuM hatuM. sAyamana kamizananA virodhamAM amadAvAda nagarapAlikAe potAnA hastakanI zALAo tathA tamAma kacerIo baMdha rAkhI hatI. sAyamana kamizananuM prathama Agamana 3-ra1928 nA roja thayuM. tenA virodhamAM e divase amadAvAda nagarapAlikAnI tamAma zALAo ane kacerIo baMdha rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. Ama rASTrIya pravAhamAM svAtaMtrya caLavaLane satata dhabakatI rAkhavAmAM amadAvAda mokhare hatuM. 6 eprila 1930 nA roja dAMDI mukAme capaTI mIThuM upADI gAMdhIjIe mIThAno kAyado toDyo. te pachI samagra dezamAM savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laDatano AraMbha thayo. A laDatamAM paNa amadAvAda zahera ane jillAnI sAmelagIrI noMdhapAtra ane mArgadarzaka banI rahI hatI. gAMdhIjIe upADelA mIThAnI harAjI karavAnuM mAna amadAvAdane jAya che. amadAvAdanI eka jAhera sabhAmAM pU. kastUrabAnA hAthe e mIThAnI harAjI thaI. DaoN. kAnUgAe rU. 1600/- mAM te mIThuM kharIdhuM ane prAMtika samitine pAchuM mokalyuM. e ja rIte dAMDImAM judA judA kAryakaronA raste upADavAmAM Ave mIThAnI harAjI paNa amadAvAdamAM ja thaI hatI. A harAjImAM kula rU. 4para6- UpajayA hatA. TANe saradAra paTela eka samaye jenA pramukha hatA evI amadAvAda nagarapAlikA acetana kema rahI zake ? bahAranA vAtAvaraNanA paDadhA nagarapAlikAmAM paDavA lAgyA. nagarapAlikAnA pramukha Do. hariprasAda, upapramukha pro. svAminArAyaNa, bIjA keTalAka sabhyo ane keTalAka nagarapAlikAnA nokaroe mIThAnA satyAgrahamAM jhaMpalAvyuM. sarakAra niyukta sabhya zeTha aMbAlAle nagarapAlikAnA sabhyapadethI rAjInAmuM ApI dIdhuM. nagarapAlikAnA anya eka sabhya leDI vidyAgaurIe paNa rAjInAmuM ApI dIdhuM. A uparAMta nagarapAlikAe svadezI mAla ja vAparavAnuM ane potAnI mAlikInI dukAno paikI keTalIka dukAno svadezI mAla vecanArane ja bhADe ApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. polIsanA lAThImArathI ghavAyelA ane khAsa karIne dhArAsaNAnA mIThAnA agaranI "lUMTa'nA satyAgrahamAM ghavAIne pAchA AvelA sainiko mATe mahAsabhA taraphathI kADhavAmAM AvelI kAmacalAu haoNspiTalane rU. pa00 nI grAnTa ApavAmAM AvI. saradAra vallabhabhAI ane bIjA dezanetAo pakaDAyA emanA mAnamAM temaja temanI dharapakaDa sAme virodha karavA nagarapAlikAnI sabhA mullavI rAkhavAmAM AvI. virodhanA TharAvo paNa nagarapAlikAe pasAra karyA. nagarapAlikAnI kacerI ane zALAo paNa enA kAraNe baMdha rAkhavAmAM AvI. mIThAno vero kADhI nAkhavA aMgreja sarakArane lakhavAnuM sarvAnumate TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. polIsa dvArA prajA para thatA humalAone nagarapAlikAe vakhoDI kADhyA. 2 ane sauthI mahattvano nirNaya to nagarapAlikAno e hato ke mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI dAMDIkUca vakhatanI chabI dareka zALAmAM rAkhavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. 24 TUMkamAM amadAvAda nagarapAlikAe dareka morace savinaya kAnUna pathika ke vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhaMganI laDatane potAno Teko ApI sthAnika svAyatta saMsthAomAM prasarela rASTrIya abhigamano paraco Apyo hato. 13. dholerA satyAgraha amadAvAda jillAnAM traNa mathako vIramagAma, dholerA ane rANapuramAM mIThA satyAgrahane jIvaMta ane sakriya rAkhavAmAM moTe bhAge saurASTranA agra svAtaMtrya sainikoe mahattvano phALo Apyo hato. amadAvAda jillAnA dholerA baMdara pAse rAhAtaLAva, kAnAtaLAva, bhAlagaDha ane mIMgalapuranA dariyAkAMThAnI khADImAM mIThA satyAgrahano AraMbha karavA mohanalAla mahetA (sopAna), vajubhAI zAha, manubhAI jodhANI, jhaveracaMda medhANIe svAtaMtrya sainikonI bharatI saurASTramAMthI karI hatI e samaye saurASTramAM 'calo dholerA'no nAda guMjI UThyo hato. karyAM. 5 eprila 1930 nA roja to dholerAnA pAdare Avela bhIma taLAvanI pALa upara saurASTranA svAtaMtrya sainikono meLo jAmyo hato. saurASTranA khUNekhUNethI dholerA satyAgrahamAM bhAga levA yuvAno AvyA hatA. sAMje pAMca vAgye svAtaMtrya sainikonuM eka vizALa saraghasa dholerAmAM nIkaLyuM. saraghasanA mokhare triraMgo rASTradhvaja laI amRtalAla zeTha cAlatA hatA. mohanalAla mahetA (sopAna) svAtaMtrya sainikone gIta gavaDAvI rahyA hatA. "raNabherIo vAge kyAM ? dholerA ! dholerA ! maraNavIro paDakAre kyAM ? dholerA ! dholerA ! satyAgrahanI senA kyAM ? dholerA ! dholerA !'' A saraghasanuM dholerAnI janatAe umaLakAbhera svAgata karyuM. bALAoe svAtaMtrya sainikone kumakuma tilaka 6eprila, 1930 nA roja mIThAnA kAyadAno savinaya bhaMga karavAno hato. prathama TukaDInI saradArI amRtalAla zeThe lIdhI. A TukaDImAM ekavIsa sainiko hatA. ziyANIvALAM caMcaLabahene badhA sainikone kumakuma tilaka karyAM. pachI amRtalAla zeThanA hAthamAM rASTradhvaja Apyo. jhaveracaMda medhANIe bulaMda avAje 'kaMku ghoLajojI ke mAthA oLajo jI'nA gIta sAthe TukaDIne vidAya ApI. ekavIsa sainikonI A prathama TukaDI khaTArAmAM besI rAhAtaLAvanI khADI para pahoMcI. 'inkalAba jhiMdAbAda' nI ghoSamA sAthe amRtalAla zeThe jakAtakhAtAnA adhikArIo ane polIsonI sAme khADImAMthI mIThuM upADI mIThAnA kAyadAno savinaya bhaMga karyo. e sAthe ja TukaDInA sainikoe paNa mIThAMnA kAyadAno bhaMga karyo. polIse amRtalAla zeThanI dharapakaDa karI. anya sainiko pAsethI baLajabarIthI mIThuM paDAvI lIdhuM. te tamAmane kasTama hAusamAM laI javAmAM AvyA. thoDA samaya tyAM rAkhI badhAne choDI mUkyA, amRtalAla zeThane lIMbaDI sTeTanI moTaramAM dhaMdhukA lAvyA. dhaMdhukAnA DAka baMgale khAsa UbhI karavAmAM AvelI adAlatamAM temanA para kesa cAlyo. nyAyAdhIza IsAnIe amRtalAla zeThane aDhI varSanI sajA karI. amRtalAla zeThanI dharapakaDa bAda amadAvAdanI kaeNoNMgresa kacerInA Adeza mujaba bIjA satyAgrahI tarIke baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI saradArI nIce 13 eprila 1930 nA roja sAmudAyika kAnUnabhaMga karavAnuM nakkI thayuM. A sAmudAyika satyAgrahamAM sAmela thavA saurASTra-gujarAtanA khUNekhUNethI satyAgrahI sainiko dholerA gayA. 13mInI savAra sudhImAM to dhAlerA chAvaNI svAtaMtrya sainikothI UbharAI gaI. 13mI eprile vahelI savAre baLavaMtarAya mahetAne bahenoe kumakuma tilaka karI, triraMgo jhaMDo Apyo. lagabhaga bAra hajAra sainiko baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI saradArI nIce 'inkalAba jhindAbAda', 'mahAtmA gAMdhI kI jaya'nA nArA sAthe mIThAno kAyado toDavA nIkaLI paDyA. pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dholerA chAvaNInI A addabhuta laDatane nihALavA gAMdhIjInA aMgreja mitra zrI rAjanalDa renAijha paNa dholerA gayA hatA. ' ATalI moTI TukaDIne mIThAno kAyado bhaMga karatAM kema rokavI ? eTale polIse mAtra TukaDInA netA baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI dharapakaDa karI. bAkInA sainikone javA dIdhA. paNa svAtaMtrya sainiko polIsa adhikArI pAse jatA ane kahetA, "sAheba mArI pAse kAnUnabhaMganuM mIThuM che mane pakaDI lo.' ane 'namaka kA kAyadA toDa diyA', 'inkalAba jhindAbAda', 'mahAtmA gAMdhIjI kI jaya'nAM sUtro cAre bAju guMjI UThatAM. baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI dharapakaDa karI temane dhaMdhukA laI jaI temanA para keIsa calAvI temane be varSanI sajA karavAmAM AvI. Ama lagabhaga doDha mAsanI sakriya laDatamAM maNizaMkara trivedI, bhImajIbhAI suzIla, devIbahena paTTaNI, vajubhAI zAha, mohanalAla mahetA (sopAna) jevA agraNI sainikonI dharapakaDa karI temane sAbaramatI ane thANAnI jelamAM mokalI devA AvyA. Ama chatAM laDatano pravAha moLo paDyo nahi. eTale polIse dholerA, dhaMdhukA, baravALA, ane rANapuranI satyAgraha chAvaNIo para chApo mArI chAvaNI japta karI. paNa svAtaMtrya sainiko tethI DagyA nahi. temaNe smazAnamAM satyAgraha chAvaNI UbhI karI. dholerAmAM paNa smazAnamAM satyAgraha chAvaNI UbhI karavAmAM AvI. ane tyAMthI laData cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvI. dholerA chAvaNInA sainiko para to polIse amAnavIya atyAcAro karyA hatA. AbakArI khAtAnA adhikArIo phalecara ane nIle to polIsa dvArA sainikone nahora mAravA, hAtha maraDI mIThuM choDAvavuM ane Dhora mAra mAravo vagere amAnavIya kRtyo amalamAM mUkyAM hatAM. AnI jANa amadAvAdanI koMgresa kacerIne thatAM mahAdevabhAI desAI ane hariprasAda mahetA tenI jAtatapAsa arthe dholerA AvyA. najare joyelA A atyAcArano ahevAla temaNe gAMdhIjIne Apyo. gAMdhIjIe sapta zabdomAM aMgreja sarakArane cImakI ApI "aMgreja sarakAra svAtaMtrya sainiko sAthe kAyadesarano mArga grahaNa nahIM kare to sarakArane goLIbAra karavAnI pharaja paDe evo Akaro ahiMsaka mArga satyAgrahIo apanAvaze.' 6 eprila 1930thI AraMbhAyelo dholerA satyAgraha ATha mAsa sudhI sakriya cAlyo. aMte gAMdhI iravIna karAra thatAM laData baMdha thaI. A laDate saurASTranI prajAnuM sAcuM khamIra vyakta karavAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo. saurASTranA gAmaDe gAmaDe laDatanA samAcAra pahoMcatA, jethI atyAra sudhI svAtaMtrya laData je zahero ane mukhya mathako sudhI maryAdita hatI te gAmaDe gAmaDe pahoMcI. A uparAMta A laDate ja gAMdhIjIne dhArAsaNAnA khullA agaro para hallo karavA preryA hatA. Ama amadAvAda jillAnA eka mathaka dholerAmAM cAlela mIThA satyAgraha svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA ItihAsamAM eka UjaLuM prakaraNa umeryuM hatuM. 24 14. viramagAma satyAgraha dholerA sAthe ja amadAvAda jillAnA viramagAma mukAme cAlela mIThA satyAgrahe paNa svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA itihAsamAM sonerI prakaraNa umeryuM che. viramagAma satyAgraha mATe AgevAna svAtaMtrya sainikonI zodha cAlatI hatI tyAre maNibhAI koThArInuM nAma sUcavAyuM ane gAMdhIjIe tene saharSa bahAlI ApI. vIramagAma satyAgraha mATe amadAvAda jillAnAM gAmo uparAMta kAThiyAvADanAM mukhya mathako rAjakoTa, bhAvanagara, vaDhavANa, lIMbaDI, goMDala, pAlItANA, amarelImAMthI paNa svAtaMtrya sainikonI bharatI moTA pramANamAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. daThThI eprilanuM prabhAta vIramagAma mATe cetanavaMtu nIvaDyuM. te divase bapora pachI maNilAla koThArI potAnA paMcAvana sAthIdAro sAthe mIThA satyAgrahano AraMbha karanAra hatA. savAranA sAta vAgyA sudhImAM to vIramagAmamAM pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 = 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lokonAM ToLAM UtaravA lAgyAM. dezanI AjhAdI mATe kesariyAM karavA nIkaLelA svAtaMtrya sainikonI prathama TakaDIne zrI maganalAla zukle laDatano payagAma saMbhaLAvyo. e pachI satyAgrahIonA sAmaMyAM thayAM. mokhare rASTradhvaja pakaDIne maganalAla zukla cAlatA hatA. pAchaLa satyAgrahamAM joDAyelA satyAgrahI sainiko ane emanI pAchaLa vIramagAma ane tAlukAnA prajAjano sAthe vizALa saraghasa viramagAmanA mukhya mArga para nIkaLyuM. prajAno utsAha anero hato. sthaLe sthaLe, hATe ane vATe, cauTA ane coke hajAro nara-nArIoe svAtaMtrya sainikone satkAryA, AzIrvAda ApyA, phUla ane sUtaranA hAra paherAvyA. kumakuma tilaka karyA. AkhA gAmamAM pharIne saraghasa chAvaNIe AvyuM. tyArabAda TreInano samaya thatAM satyAgrahI sainikone levA vIramagAmanA AgevAno, mahAjano sTezana tarapha gayA, paraMtu teo sTezane pahoMcyA tyAre ja sAMbhaLyuM ke vaDhavANathI AvelI gADImAM mIThA satyAgraha karavA Avela maNilAla koThArI ane temanA paMcAvana satyAgrahI sainikonI dharapakaDa karI temane mAmalatadAra kacerI laI javAmAM AvyA che. satyAgrahI sainikonI dharapakaDanA samAcAra viramagAmamAM AganI jema prasarI gayA ane TapoTapa bajAra baMdha thaI gaI. strI-puruSo ToLeToLAM viramagAma polIsa sTezana upara ThalavAvA lAgyAM. 6ThThI eprile ravivAra hato chatAM sarakArI kacerIo ane korTa cAlu hatI. maNilAla koThArIne mejisTreTa samakSa rajU karavAmAM AvyA. korTa kampAunDanI bahAra lokonI svAtaMtrya guMja: 'inkalAba jhindAbAda, hindustAna AjhAda, nokarazAhI ho barabAda, mahAtmA gAMdhI kI jaya vaMde mAtaram' satata paDaghA pADyA karatI hatI. maNilAla koThArI para mIThAno kAyado bhaMga karavA badala kesa cAlyo. temaNe sAme cAlIne potAno guno kabUla karyo ane kahyuM "satyAgrahI tarIke AvA gunA karavAno potAno dharma che." aMte temane gunegAra TheravI che mAsanI sAdI kedanI sajA ane pAMcaso rUpiyA daMDa karavAmAM Avyo. koThArI kesa patI gayA pachI temanI sAthe pakaDAyelA paMcAvana bahAdura kAThiyAvADI vIronI pAMca TukaDIone mAmalatadAranI ophisamAM laI javAmAM AvI. dareka TukaDImAM dasa dasa satyAgrahIo hatA. ane te dareka TukaDInA nAyaka camanalAla mAdhavalAla vaizvana, gopAlarAva kulakarNI, ratilAla mayAzaMkara rAvaLa, bhAskararAva bahere ane choTAlAla harilAla pArekha hatA. A sarvene jAmIna ApavA tathA hAthamucarakA ApavA khUba samajAvavAmAM AvyA paNa eka paNa sainike macaka na ApI. aMte A paMcAvanane nirdoSa TharAvI choDI mUkyA. A TukaDI pachI bIjA paMcAvana sainikonI TukaDI paNa AvI caDI. A TukaDInA nAyako hatA arjuna bhogIlAla lAlA, bhAskara gajAnana vikrAMsa, maNizaMkara zaMkaralAla vyAsa, revAzakara kilAzaMkara vyAsa, ane pAMDuraMga choTAlAla ThAkora. arjuna lAlA amadAvAdanA eka navajuvAna sakriya svAtaMtrya sainika hatA. A TukaDI viramagAma relave sTezanathI thoDe dUra hatI ne polIse temanA DabbAne gherI lIdho ane svAtaMtrya sainiko pAsethI mIThuM jhUMTavI temanA para pAzavI atyAcAra zarU karI devAmAM Avyo. A ja TukaDI sAthe saurASTranA sakriya sainika phUlacaMda zAha paNa AvyA hatA. polIse temanI paNa dharapakaDa karI. arjuna lAlAnI paNa dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. baMne para kesa cAlyo ane phUlacaMdabhAI cha mAsanI sakhata majUrInI keda tathA pacAsa rUpiyA daMDa, jayAre arjuna lAlAne cha mAsanI sAdI keda ane pAMcaso rUpiyA daMDa karavAmAM Avyo, pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2002 * 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pachI to laData vadhu raMgIna ane saMgIna banatI cAlI. paheluM ane bIjuM saptAha paNa satata laDatanI TukaDIothI sakriya rahyuM. jema jema laData ugra ane sakriya banatI gaI tema tema polIsa atyAcAroe paNa mAjhA mUkavA mAMDI. polIsa atyAcAronI jAtatapAsa karavA Asa mahAdevabhAI desAI 19-4-30 nA roja vIramagAma AvyA. vIramagAmamAM polIsa atyAcAronI vAta sAMbhaLI gAMdhIjIe chaganalAla joSIne viramagAma mokalyA ane laDatanuM sukAna saMbhALavA sUcanA ApI. laData pAchI thanaganI UThI. vIramagAma sAthe ja rANapura, khArAdhoDA, ane zAhapuramAM paNa mIThA satyAgraha sakriyapaNe cAlyo hato. 25 15. vyakitagata satyAgraha I.sa. 1940mAM rAmagaDha mukAme maLelA koMgresa mahAsabhAnA adhivezanamAM sarakArane yuddha morace sahakAra na ApavAnI joradAra avAja UThyo, paNa mahAtmA gAMdhIjI sarakArane bIjA vizvayuddhanA samaye vadhu muzkelImAM mUkavA mAgatA na hatA. eTale temaNe vyaktigata satyAgrahano vicAra vaheto mUkyo. 1940nA oNkTobaranI 17mI tArIkhe vardhA pAsenA pInAra mukAme yuddhavirodhI vyAkhyAna ApI vinobAjIe vyaktigata satyAgraha AraMbhyo. javAharalAla naherunI paNa vyaktigata satyAgraha zarU karatAM pahelAM ja 31 okTobaranA roja dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. tenA pratyAghAta cheka amadAvAdamAM paDyA. amadAvAdamAM e divase sakhata haDatAla paDI. sastuM sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya saMcAlaka bhikSu akhaMDa AnaMdajI pAse aMgreja sarakAre rU. 3000/- nA jAmIna mAgyA ane akhaMDa AnaMda kAryAlaya para daroDo pADI 'satyAgraha ane asahayoga' nAmaka pustikAnI poNA traNaso nakalo japta karavAmAM AvI. saradAra paTela paNa jAhera bhASaNo ApI vyaktigata satyAgraha karavAnA hatA tenI AgalI rAtre ja eTale ke 1911-1940nA roja temanI dharapakaDa karI levAmAM AvI, e ja rIte satyAgraha AraMbhe e pahelAM ja morArajI desAInI paNa dharapakaDa karI levAmAM AvI. A baMne dharapakaDonA virodhamAM amadAvAda ane tenI AsapAsanA vistAromAM saMpUrNa haDatAlo paDI. A uparAMta muMbaI dhArAsabhAnA adhyakSa ga.vA.mAvaLaMkara, hariprasAda mahetA, vijayAgaurI kAnugA, vasumatI paMDyAnI paNa dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. arjuna lAlAe lAMcarUzvata tapAsa samiti tathA anya sarakArI samitiomAMthI rAjInAmAM ApI dIdhAM. 1941nA jAnyuArI ane phebruArI mAsa daramiyAna arjuna lAlA, gulAma rasula kurezI, rAmaprasAda konTrAkTara, sArAbhAI kAzIrAma pArekha, nirUbhAI desAI, gajarAbahena bhalasANI, vasaMtarAva gISTa, DaoN. jayaMti ThAkora, nAnubhAI derAsarI, pro. mohanalAla dAMtavAlA, pro. gola vagerenI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. vyaktigata satyAgrahane kAraNe ja 9-11-1940thI gAMdhIjIe "harijana' patronuM prakAzana mokUpha rAkhyuM. tA. 4-12-1941 nA roja aMgreja sarakAre tamAma satyAgrahIone jelamukta karyA ane vyaktigata satyAgrahano aMta Avyo. 16. 1942nI 'hinda choDo'nI laData muMbaImAM maLela keMgresa mahAsabhAnI beThakamAM 1942nI 8mI oNgasTe 'hinda choDo'no TharAva karavAmAM Avyo. 9 oNgasTanI vahelI savAre amadAvAdamAM ga.vA.mAvaLaMkara, bhogIlAla lAlA, jIvaNalAla dIvAna, jayaMti dalAla, narahari parIkha, nirUbhAI desAI, sAthe bIjA 17 jeTalA svAtaMtrya sainikonI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI, jethI laData bhAMgI paDe. amadAvAdamAM 144mI kalamano amala jAhera karavAmAM Avyo. polIse keMgresa hAusano kabajo laI makAnane sIla mArI dIdhAM. AgevAnonI dharapakaDanA samAcAra zahera ane jillAmAM phelAI jatAM loko uzkerAyA. 9 oNgasTanA prabhAte ja savAre 6-45 kalAke eka vizALa saraghase AsToDiyA geITa para humalo karyo. e ja divase gAMdhI roDa para nIkaLelA anya eka saraghasane rokavA polIse goLIbAra karyo, jemAM ukAbhAI kaDiyA zahIda thayA. 9 ogasTanA roja ja laDatane Teko ApavA lokala borDanA medAnamAM zrI gulAma rasula kurezInI adhyakSatAmAM eka vizALa sabhA bharAI. A sabhAne vikheravA polIse prathamavAra TIyaragesanA sela choDyA. Ama pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 + 17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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'hinda choDo'nI laData amadAvAda zaheramAM ane jillAmAM AganI jema prasarI gaI. AgevAno ane netAo sAthe samAjanA dareka varganA loko temAM hoMze hoMze joDAyA hatA. amadAvAdanI vidyArthI Alame "hindI choDo'nI laDatamAM cheka AraMbhathI ja sakriyatA dAkhavI hatI. 8 oNgasTa 194ranI rAtre ravizaMkara mahArAjanI adhyakSatAmAM gujarAta kaoNlejanA chAtrAlayamAM eka beThaka maLI hatI, jemAM laDatamAM vidyArthIonI pharajo aMge ravizaMkara mahArAje vistRta mArgadarzana ApyuM hatuM. 10 oNgasTanA somavAranA roja laoN kaoNlejanA medAnamAM vidyArthIoe dhvajavaMdana karyuM. tyArabAda be hajAra vidyArthIonuM vizALa saraghasa nIkaLyuM. A saraghasamAM 200 jeTalI vidyArthinIo hatI. 'inkalAba jhindAbAda', 'zAhIvAda ho barabAda' jevAM sUtro pokAratuM A saraghasa gujarAta kaoNleja najIka pahoMcyuM. tyAM polIse tene rokyuM ane tenA para lAThImAra karyo. paNa vidyArthIo jarA paNa DagyA nahi. pariNAme polIse goLIbAra karyo. A ja goLIbAramAM vinoda kinArIvAlA zahIda thayo. Ama 8 oNgasTathI AraMbhAyela vidyArthI AMdolana 27 mArca 1942 sudhI satata sakriya rahyuM hatuM. 27 mArca 1947nA roja AjhAdI jaMgane protsAhita karavA amadAvAdamAM vidyArthI pariSada bharavAmAM AvI hatI. polIsanA sakhata baMdobastane kAraNe mAMDavInI poLane badale DhAlanI poLamAM pariSada bharavAmAM AvI. amadAvAdamAM lagabhaga 80,000 vidyArthIoe 250 divasanI abhUtapUrva haDatAla 'hinda choDo'nI laData daramiyAna pALI hatI, je samagra bhAratamAM eka vikrama sarjaka banI rahI hatI. A | vidyArthIo sAthe A laDatamAM strIonuM pradAna paNa noMdhapAtra rahyuM hatuM. 1943 nI laDatamAM strIonI pravRttinuM saMcAlana zrImatI caMpAbahena mahetA karatAM hatAM. temaNe potAnA nivAsasthAne strIonI eka sabhA bolAvI hatI, jemAM strI vaoNrDa-nAyako tathA lattA-nAyakonI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI. strI-vaoNrDa nAyakomAM raMjanabahena dalAla, yazasvatibahena bhaTTa, udayaprabhAbahena mahetA, sumitrAbahena ThAkora, sarojabahena jAnI, padmAbahena mahetA, vagerenI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI. lAThImAra ane goLIbArathI ghavAyelAonI sAravAra arthe vADIlAla sArAbhAI ispitAla, lalubhAI goradhanadAsa ispitAla ane jUnI sivila ispitAlamAM bahenonI TukaDIo khaDepage rahetI hatI. 13 sapTembara, 194ranA divase "mahilA dinanI ujavaNI nimitte mAMDavInI poLamAMthI sAtaso bahenonuM eka vizALa saraghasa nIkaLyuM hatuM. inkalAba jhindAbAda'nA pokAro sAthe nIkaLela e saraghasane rokavA polIse azruvAyu choDavo paDyo hato. 6 okTobara 1942nA divase "strI dinanI ujavaNI paNa karavAmAM AvI hatI. e divase DhALanI poLa, khADiyA, dariyApura, ghIkAMTA roDa, vagere vistAramAM bahenonAM saraghaso nIkaLyAM hatAM. bhAMgaphoDa pravRttimAM paNa bahenonI bhAgIdArI noMdhapAtra hatI. kusuma ThAkora bomba pravRttimAM sakriya hatAM. nirmaLAbahena nIrUbhAI desAI ane ramAbahena ramaNikalAla phojadAre bomba banAvavAno sAmAna eka sthaLethI bIjA sthaLe khaseDavAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hato. vijayAbahena jhINAbhAI desAInA ghare zrI ke.jI.prabhu baoNmba banAvavAnAM rasAyaNo mUkI gayA hatA. vijayAbahene e jokhamI sAmAna saMbhALIne yogya vyaktione pahoMcato karavAnI kAmagIrI saphaLa rIte pAra pADI hatI. strIonI sAthe ja majUranI laData paNa sakriyapaNe cAlI hatI. mahAtmA gAMdhIjI tathA dezanA netAonI dharapakaDanA pratikAra mATe amadAvAdanA milamajUro ekAeka haDatAla para utarI gayA hatA. amadAvAdanA A milamajUronI A haDatAla samasta bhAratamAM zAMtipUrvakanI sauthI lAMbI ekaso pAMca divasanI apUrva haDatAla hatI. laData daramiyAna majUrone koIpaNa jAtanI Arthika sahAya ApavAmAM AvI na hatI, chatAM mAtra dezAbhimAnane vaLagI rahI 105 divasa sudhI milamajUro aMgreja sarakAra sAme aDIkhama rIte laDatA rahyA hatA, je samagra dezanI svAtaMtrya laDatanuM gauravaprada ane noMdhapAtra prakaraNa banI rahyuM che. pathika ke mAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 + 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA karmacArIoe paNa 1942nI laDatamAM potAnuM yogadAna noMdhAvyuM hatuM. hinda saMrakSaNa dhArA mujaba tA. 21-8-1942nA roja jillA kalekaTare amadAvAda myunisipAliTIne baratarapha karI ane myunisipAliTInI imArata para gAMdhIjIe 28 phebruArI 1929nA roja pharakAvela rASTradhvaja utArI levAmAM Avyo. pariNAme sudharAI karmacArIo roSe bharAyA ane haDatAla pADI. sarakAre sudharAInI imArata ane kampAunDano kabajo laI lIdho. paNa chatAM baporanA traNeka vAgye ijanera khAtAnI kacerInA makAnanI agAsImAM koI dezabhakta rASTrIya mahAsabhAno triraMgo vAvaTo laherAvI dIdho. e vAvaTo joI sau karmacArIo gelamAM AvI gayA. 'inkalAba jhindAbAda'nA sUtroccArathI sudharAInuM kampAunDa gAjI UThyuM. laDatamAM bhAga lenAra karmacArIone sarakAre baratarapha karyA, sajAo karI chatAM karmacArIo 1942nI laDatamAM satata sakriya rIte amadAvAda sudharAIe samagra dezanI sudharAIone Adarza namUno pUro pADyo hato. laDatanA AraMbhakALathI ja sudharAInA karmacArIoe laDatane anumodana Apato, rASTrIya sarakAra racavAnI mAMgaNI karato ane sarakArInI damana-nItine vakhoDI kADhato TharAva pasAra karyo hato. e ja bAbata amadAvAda sudharAInA karmacArIonI rASTrIya bhaktinI sAkSI pUratI ghaTanAo che ane raheze. ahiMsaka laDatanI sAthe amadAvAda zaheramAM bhAMgaphoDa-pravRtti paNa sarakAranA taMtrane khoravI nAkhavA sakriyapaNe thaI hatI. polIso, polIsa cokIo, posTa oNphiso, polIsavAno tathA sarakArI kacerIo para paththaramArAnA asaMkhya banAvo amadAvAdamAM noMdhAyA che. sapTembara, 1942thI julAI, 1943 daramiyAna sarakArI ane ardha sarakArI kacerIone Aga lagADavAnA 33 ane sudharAInI zALAone Aga lagADavAnA 25 banAvo banyA hatA. 30 jeTalA polIsa konsTabalo ane be polIsa adhikArIo para tejAba nAkhavAnI ghaTanAo paNa banI hatI. laDatanA bhAgarUpe yuvAnoe zaheranA judA judA lattAmAM 210 jeTalA sthaLoe tAra-TeliphonanAM doraDAM kApyAM hatAM. amadAvAdanI AsapAsa AvelA relave sTezana najIkanI relavenI milakatane nukasAna karavAnA tathA gADIo uthalAvavAnA prayAso paNa thayA hatA. sarakArI mahesUla bharavAnuM kArya aTakAvavA prItamanagara vyAyAma zALAnA bhAIoe mAdalapura ane kocarabanA sarakArI corA para humalo karI bharaNAnI rakama lUMTI hatI. bomba-pravRtti paNa 2nI laDatamAM sakriyapaNe amalI banI hatI. 17 sapTembara 1942nA roja mAdalapuranA garanALA pAse bomba phUTyo hato. e pachI 28 me 1943 sudhImAM baoNmba phUTavAnA, maLI AvavAnA ke pheMkavAnA 66 banAvo banyA hatA. A pravRtti sapTembara 194rathI jAnyuArI 1943 daramiyAna atyaMta sakriya rahI hatI. bomba pheMkavAthI nAraNabhAI paTela ane nAnajIbhAI kALIdAsa maraNa pAmyA hatA. rAyapura, pIparaDInI poLamAM rAsAyaNika bomba banAvatAM dhaDAko thavAthI naMdalAla joSI ane naraharI rAvaLa maraNa pAmyA hatA. jamAlapura, lAMbIzerImAM rAsAyaNika bombanA dhaDAkAthI piyuSakAnta caudharI ane zAMtilAla paTela sakhata ghavAyA hatA. rAmaprasAda vADIlAla zAha, manaharalAla rAvaLa, bAlamukunda AcArya, nAnubhAI nityAnaMda ane temanA sAthIoe jAte baoNmba banAvI vIjaLInAM pAMca sabasTezanomAM 16 baoNmba mUkyA hatA. temAMnA 14 bombanA dhaDAkA thatAM AkhA zaheramAM aMdhakAra chavAI gayo hato. pariNAme vIjaLI kaMpanIne rU. 3451nuM nuksAna thayuM hatuM. Ama 1942nI laData amadAvAda zahera ane AsapAsanA vistAromAM sakriyapaNe cAlI hatI. pAdaTIpa 1. paMDyA, viSNu, viplavamAM gujarAta, pra. DaoN. AratI paMDyA, samAntara mudraNAlaya, akhabAranagara pAse, navA vADaja, amadAvAda-12, pR. 4,5 2. ejana, pR. 7 3. gujarAta, pra.gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa, amadAvAda-9, 1995, pR. 22 pathika karaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2002 * 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 4. 5. varmA, jayakRSNa nAgaradAsa (anuvAdaka), hindI rASTrIya kaoNMgresano itihAsa, vaDodarA, Disembara, 1921, pR. 203, 204 dalAla, caMdulAla (saMpAdaka), gAMdhIjInI dinavArI, pra, gujarAta rAjya mahAtmA gAMdhI janma-zatAbdI ujavaNI samiti, amadAvAda, mArca 1970 F . ejana, pR. 63 7. gAMdhIjIno akSaradeha - 14, navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda-14, 1969, pR. 218 8. desAI, nIrUbhAI, vAsarikAnAM vahetAM vAri, pra. nIrUbhAI desAI smAraka phAunDezana, amadAvAda, eprila1996, pR. 62-63 9. A ja divase amRtasaramAM jaliyAnavAlA bAgano hatyAkAMDa sarjAyo. 10. sapTembara 1917mAM Azrama kocarabamAMthI sAbaramatI laI javAmAM Avyo hato. 11. mAvaLaMkara, gaNeza vAsudeva ane dalAla, caMdulAla bhagubhAI, rASTrIya caLavaLamAM amadAvAda myunisipAliTIno phALo, pra. amadAvAda myunisipala koraporezana, amadAvAda, 1962, pR. 89 12. yAjJika, indulAla, AtmakathA bhAga-2, pR.268, 269 13. parIkha, rAmalAla (saMpAdaka), gujarAta eka paricaya, bhAratIya rASTrIya keMgresa 66muM adhivezana, svAgata samiti, amadAvAda, 1961, pR. 650 14. joSI, chaganalAla (saMpAdaka), bApunA patro-7, zrI chaganalAla joSIne, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda14, eprila 1962, pR. 124 15. gAMdhIjIno akSaradeha-43, pR. 54 19. ejana, pR. 72 20. gAMdhIjIno akSaradeha-43, pR. 79 16. ejana, pR. 68 17. ejana, pR. 69 18. mahetA kalyANajI ane desAI IzvaralAla, dAMDIkUca, pra. gujarAta rAjaya mahAtmA gAMdhI janma-zatAbdI ujavaNI samiti, mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya, sacivAlaya, amadAvAda, 1969, pR. 63 21. gujarAta, gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa, amadAvAda, 1995, pR. 58 22. mAvaLaMkara, gaNeza vAsudeva ane dalAla, caMdulAla bhagubhAI, rASTrIya caLavaLamAM amadAvAda myunisipAliTIno phALo, pra. amadAvAda myunisipala koraporezana, amadAvAda, 291-92 23. (17) ejana, pR. 310 24. zAha, kAMtilAla, dholerA satyAgraha, mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya, sacivAlaya, gAMdhInagara, vistRta mAhitI arthe jovuM. 25. zAha, kAMtilAla, vIramagAma satyAgraha, mAhitIkhAtuM, gujarAta sarakAra, sacivAlaya, gAMdhInagara, vadhu mAhitI mATe jovuM. 26. zukla, DaoN. jayakumAra, betALIsamAM amadAvAda, pra. lekhaka, maMgalam maNinagara, amadAvAda-1988 vadhu mAhitI mATe jovuM. pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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veDachI Azramano rASTrIya AMdolanamAM phALo* | devAI lA DaoN. hitendrasiMha vAya. kharavAsiyA dezamAM svAtaMtrya AMdolana jayAre pUrajozamAM cAlatuM hatuM tyAre veDachI Azrama paNa temAMthI alipta rahI zakyo na hato. veDachI AzramanA prayAso thakI A vistAranI prajA svarAjaya mATenI laDatamAM utsAhabhera joDAvA lAgI hatI evuM jANavA maLe che. ola inDiyA koMgresa samiti (e.AI.sI.sI.) e gAMdhIjInA AgrahathI rASTrIya mahAsabhA (koMgresa)ne dezamAM asahakAra AMdolana zarU karavA bhalAmaNa karI. sapTembara 1920mAM kalakattA mukAme lAlA lajapatarAyanA adhyakSapade koMgresanuM eka vizeSa adhivezana bolAvavAmAM AvyuM, jemAM gAMdhIjInA asahayoganA krAMtikArI siddhAMtano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo hato. Ama hiMdanA rAjakAraNamAM gAMdhIjIno sIdho praveza thayo. gAMdhIjInA pravezathI mAMDIne svAtaMtrya prApti sudhI anekavidha AMdolano thayAM. bAraDolI satyAgraha, , dharAsaNA satyAgraha, hiMda choDo caLavaLa jevAM anekavidha AMdolanomAM veDachI Azrama koI ne koI rIte saMkaLAyo hato evuM jANavA maLe che. veDachI AzramanI sthApanA 1924 mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. A Azrama rASTrIya AMdolanamAM koI ne koI rIte sahabhAgI thato ane tethI aMgreja sarakAranI paNa tenA para satata najara rahetI ane A Azramane sauprathama I.sa. 1930, I.sa. 1932 mAM bIjI vakhata ane I.sa. 1942 mAM trIjI vakhata japta karavAmAM Avyo hato. I.sa. 1922 thI I.sa.1927 sudhInA pAMca varSanA gALA daramyAna veDachI pradeza anekavidha racanAtmaka pravRttiomAM vyasta hato. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA racanAtma vicArone AgaLa dharI rAnIparaja prajA AgaLa vadhI rahI hatI ane e vicAronA amalIkaraNane kAraNe ja svarAjanI parva rahyuM hatuM. evA samaye aMgreja sarakAre bAraDolI prajA para mahesUla vadhAre ThokI besADyo. jene pariNAme surata jillAnA bAraDolI tAlukAmAM sarakAra sAme nAkaranI laData zarU karavAno nirNaya 1928 mAM levAmAM Avyo. A aMgenA samAcAra sAMbhaLatA ja samagra rASTranuM vAtAvaraNa AMdolananA raMge raMgAI gayuM. bAraDolI kSetra temaja tenI AjubAjuno rAnIparaja vistAra AMdolanamAM sahabhAgI thavA thanaganI rahyo hato evuM jANavA maLe che. A samaye veDachI AzramanI netAgIrI cunIbhAI mahetA saMbhALI rahyA hatA. bAraDolInA nAkara satyAgrahane laIne tAlukAmAM aneka chAvaNIo AkAra laI rahI hatI, emAMnI eka chAvaNI veDachI AzramamAM paNa sthApavAmAM AvI. veDachI AzramanAM kAryakara bhAIbaheno paNa tAlukAmAM laData mATe nIkaLI paDyAM eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu veDachI gAmanA polIsa paTela zrI devajIbhAI jasIyAe paTelAImAMthI rAjInAmuM ApI dIdhuM. veDachI vistAramAM mahesUla na bharavA aMgenI jAgRti lokomAM keLavAya te mATe AzramanA vidyArthIo tathA kAryakartAo pracAra jhuMbezamAM joDAyA hatA ane mahesUla na bharavAnuM gIta - 'bhale kAyAnA kaTakA thAya ame lIdhI pratijJA pALIzuM re' e gAmegAma guMjatuM karyuM hatuM. lokomAM satyAgrahanA samAcAra jhaDapathI pahoMcI zake te mATe patrikA bahAra pADavA mATe vallabhabhAI paTele jugatarAmabhAI davene javAbadArI soMpatAM patrikAo bahAra pADavAmAM AvatI * A patrikAne bAraDolI AzramamAMthI lAvI veDachI vistAramAM pahoMcatI karavAnI kAmagIrImAM AzramanA kAryakartAo ane satyAgrahIo joDAyA hatA. rAtrinA aMdhakArano lAbha laI laDatanA kAryakaro A vistAranAM vividha gAmomAM ghaNI vaLatA ane nakkI karelI jagyAe jamInamAM khADo khodI eka mATalI mUkI temAM bAraDolI patrikA mUkI pharIthI mATalIne mATI vaDe DhAMkI devAmAM AvatI ane e gAmanA lokone patrikAmAM jaNAvyA pramANenA nakkI karelA kAryakramonI mAhitI mokalatA. bAraDolI satyAgraha A vistAranA * saradAra paTela yuni., vallabhavidyAnagara khAte tA. 20-21 Disembara, 2003 daramyAna Ayojita rAjayastarIya parisaMvAda prasaMge rajU karela zodhapatra + adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, ArTsa enDa komarsa kaoNleja, olapADa, ji. surata, 394540 pathika ke naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, ra005 4 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobau Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aneka yuvAnone paNa prabhAvita karyA hatA. aneka yuvAnonI sarakAre dharapakaDa karI hatI tyAre lokomAM utsAha jaLavAI rahe te mATe vallabhabhAI paTele veDaDhI AzramamAM rAnIparajanAM strI-puruSo samakSa nAkaranI laDatanA anusaMdhAnamAM bhASaNa ApyuM hatuM." veDachI Azrama ane AjubAjunA rAnIparaja lokomAM bAraDolI satyAgrahanI saphaLatAe utsAha preravAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. kAraNa ke bAraDolInI nAkaranI laData pachI je je AMdolano thayAM emAM paNa veDachI Azrame svarAjayaprAptinI laData mATe kAryakaro taiyAra karI pUrA pADavAnI mahattvanI javAbadArI adA karI hatI. bhAratamAMthI briTiza zAsanano aMta lAvI svarAjyanI prApti mATe gAMdhIjIe lokone savinaya kAnUna bhaMganA AMdolanamAM joDAI javA anurodha karyo. laDatanA mukhya kAryakramomAM sarakAranA mIThAne lagatA kAyadA tathA anya geravAjabI kAyadAono bhaMga karavo, sarakArane kara ApavAno InkAra karavo, sarakArano zakya teTalI kakSAe bahiSkAra karavo, sarakArI nokarIo, khitAbo ane zikSaNano tyAga karavo, videzI kApaDanI dukAno ane dArUnA pIThAo para pikeTiMga karavuM vagereno samAveza thato hato. savinaya kAnUna bhaMganI laDatanA upakrame Ayojita dAMDIkUca daramyAna jyAre padayAtrIo surata jillAmAM praveze tyAre kUcanI vyavasthA karavAnI javAbadArI veDachI AzramanA jugatarAmabhAI tathA kalyANajIbhAI jevA kAryakarone soMpavAmAM AvatI hatI. veDachI AzramanA sarva kAryakartAo, moTI uMmaranI baheno tathA vidyArthIo paNa svarAja saMgrAmanI A laDatamAM jhukAvavA taiyAra thaI gayA hatA. bApunI TukaDI surata jillAmAM praveza kare te pahelAM veDachI AzramanI TukaDI jillAnA te pravezadvAra para pahoMcI gaI ane satyAgrahI TukaDI mATenI pUrva taiyArIo karavAmAM gAmalokone madadarUpa banI hatI." mIThA satyAgrahamAM veDachInI TukaDI paNa bIjA hajAro satyAgrahIo sAthe bhaLI gaI. pAchaLathI temanA kAryakartAo bhImarADa, bUDIyA (tA. coryAsI) jevA khADI kAMThA upara jAmeluM mIThuM upADatA, lokone reTiyo, takalI zIkhavatA tathA grAmasaphAI paNa karatA. e ja bhImarADamAMthI tA.6 eprila 1930 nA roja pAMca kAryakartAonI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. emAMnA eka veDachI AzramanA zrI cImanalAla bhaTTa paNa hatA ane bhAratabharamAM A dharapakaDa sauthI pahelI hatI. satyAgraha daramyAna dAMDIthI karADI AvI gAMdhIjIe tyAM mukAma karyo. temaNe Aja vakhate dezanI bahenone dArUnA pIThAM ane vilAyatI kApaDanI dukAno para pikeTiMga karavAno kAryakrama Apyo te daramyAna veDachImAMthI cunIbhAInAM patnI surajabahena joDe bahenonI TukaDI mIThubahena piTiTanI AgevAnIvALI ToLImAM bhaLI gaI. e TukaDIne madada karavA veDachI AzramanA niSThAvAna sevaka goradhanabAbAnI bahenoe pasaMdagI karI. A TukaDI prathama bAraDolI tAlukAnA gAmomAM pharIne svayaMsevikAonI bharatI karavAnuM kAma karatI ane te pUrNa thatAM suratanI mukhya chAvaNImAM jaI zaheranAM judAM judAM pIThAo upara pikeTiMganuM kAma karatI hatI. veDachInI baheno paNa A kAmamAM utsAhabhera joDAI. dazarIbahena caudharI ane bIjI keTalIka baheno bhegI thaI vAloDanA pIThA upara pikeTiMganI kAmagIrI bajAvI rahyAM hatAM tyAre eka pArasIe temane dhakkA mArI kADhI mUkyAM. AthI baheno ane grAmajano hathiyAro laIne AvyA ane AkhA gAmanA tathA AjubAjunA vistAramAM jaI pArasInAM khajUrInAM jhADa kApI nAkhyAM jene pariNAme pIThAM baMdha paDI gayAM. A uparAMta svadezI ane khAdI pracAranA kAryamAM paNa veDachI AzramanI baheno joDAI hatI. 25 jAnyuArI, 1933 nA roja sUrajabahena cUnIlAla mahetA, dazarIbahena rUmazIbhAI caudharI, genAbena bhUriyAbhAI caudharI, daMDAbena bhurajIbhAI caudharI, lalitAbena hAMsajIbhAI paTela, devIbena mAdhavabhAI paTela ema cha bahenonI eka TukaDI banAvavAmAM AvI hatI. A TukaDI raMgIna kapaDAM paherI svadezI apanAvonAM borDa gaLAmAM laTakAvI suratamAM moTI bhAgaLa AgaLa AvI pahoMcI ane tyAM videzI kApaDa vecanArI dukAna para pikeTiMga karI grAhakone dukAnamAMthI kharIdI karatA aTakAvatI ane videzI kApaDanI dukAna AgaLa svadezI veco evo nAda A TukaDI karatI. pariNAme temanI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI.15 suratanI jelamAM pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 ke 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jagyA na hovAthI veDachI AzramanI A cha bahenonI TukaDIne pUnAnI yaravaDA jelamAM mokalI ApavAmAM AvI, jyAM pahelethI ja kasturabA, sarojinI nAyaDu tathA bIjI keTalIka baheno hatI ja. gujarAtanI baheno paNa A jelamAM AvI che evA samAcAra jayAre kasturabAne maLyA tyAre teo veDachI AzramanI bahenone sAmethI AvIne maLyAM. A samaya daramyAna eka mahattvano prasaMga banyo hato ane te veDachI jevA rAnIparaja vistAranI cauda paMdara varSanI AdivAsI kanyAe kasturabAne vAMcatAM-lakhatAM zIkhavyuM hatuM. te prasaMga khuda dazarIbahena caudharInA zabdomAM kahIe to - "thoDA divasa vityA bAda kasturabA mArI pAse AvyAM ane kahevA lAgyAM, dikarA, tuM mane lakhatAM-vAMcatAM zIkhavIza? tyAre me kahyuM, nA bA, tame kyAM ane huM kyAM ? mArAthI tamane kaI rIte zIkhavI zakAya ?" kasturabAnA AgrahathI dazarIbahene temane traNa ja mahinAmAM lakhatAM-vAMcatAM zIkhavI dIdhAM. A agAu kasturabA jayAre gAMdhIjIne patra lakhatAM tyAre temane anyano sahAro levo paDato, paraMtu tyArathI teo jAte ja patra lakhatAM thaI gayAM ? dharAsaNA satyAgrahamAM paNa AzramanI TukaDI sahabhAgI thaI hatI. dharAsaNA satyAgrahamAM jayAre gujarAta ane AkhA dezanA khUNe khUNethI aneka satyAgrahIonA jaththA dharAsaNA pahoMcatA hatA tyAre veDachI AzramanI TukaDI paNa emAM joDAI hatI. tyAM TukaDInA sabhyone mAra sahana karavo paDato hato eTaluM ja nahIM A TukaDInI dharapakaDa paNa karavAmAM AvI. A TukaDI para kAma calAvavA mATe adhikArIo pAse samaya na hovAthI A TukaDIne vADAmAM aTakAvI rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI, jyAM temane ATha dasa divasa sudhI khAvA-pIvAnI ghaNI muzkelI paDI hatI. bAjunI vastImAM A aMgenI jANa thatAM baheno pANInA ghaDA ane roTalA gupta rIte A TukaDIne pahoMcatA karatI. thoDA divasa pachI veDachInI TukaDIne eka eka mAsanI sajA karI varalI jelamAM mokalI ApavAmAM AvI hatI.19 gAMdhIjIe jyAre vyaktigata satyAgrahano Adeza Apyo tyAre paNa veDachI AzramamAMthI goradhanabAbAnI satyAgrahI tarIke pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvI hatI. temaNe veDachI gAmamAM jAhera sabhA bharI satyAgraha karyo. samagra gujarAtamAM A pahelo prasaMga hato.8 ogasTa 7, 8 1942 nA roja mahAsabhAmAM kvITa inDiyA 'hiMda cho jAvano TharAva pasAra thayo veDachI Azrama to te pahelAM ja japta karI levAmAM Avyo hato. A samaye AzramanA gRhapati nAnubhAI paTela, bhagavatIbhAI hariprasAda dave tathA anya vidyArthIone AzramanI bahAra kADhI mUkavAmAM AvyA tyAre teo najIkanA khAnapura gAmanA juvAranA khetaramAM eka aThavADiyA sudhI saMtAI rahyA hatA. najIkanA aMbAca gAmanA eka caudharI kuTuMbane enI jANa thatAM roja temane jamavA mATe bolAvatA. e daramyAna satyAgraha karI jelamAM pahoMcavAno saMdezo temane maLatAM teo saMtA saMtAtA boraDolI pahoMcyA ane polIsa sTezanamAM nizAna cUkavI "mahAtmA gAMdhI kI jaya", "bhArata choDo', 'vaMde mAtaramano pokAra jorajorathI karatAM temanI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. veDachI Azrama japta thayelo hovA chatAM A vistAramAM svarAjaprAptino utsAha jarA paNa maMda paDyo hoya evuM jANavA maLatuM na hatuM. laData daramyAna veDachI Azramane traNa vakhata japta karavAmAM Avyo hato. jatI daramyAna AzramanI bhAre durdazA thatI. sipAhIo temAM nivAsa karatA, akhAdya khorAka rAMdhIne khAtA, jarUra paDe tyAre AzramanA makAnomAMthI bArI-bAraNAM toDI lAvI tenuM IMdhaNa karatA, gAmamAM koI rASTrIya pravRtti cAle che ke kema tenI najara rAkhatA ane avAranavAra AsapAsanAM AdivAsI kuTuMbone raMjADatA.20 AvA samaye veDachI Azramane jAmImAMthI choDAvavA rAnIparaja kAryakartAo, vidyArthIo ane vaNakaronI ToLI veDachI Azrama para pahoMcI jatI, jayAM polIsa temane daMDA mArI hAMkI kADhatI. mAra khAIne A satyAgrahI sainiko gAyakavADI AzrayasthAnomAM jema tema pahoMcatA. A rAnIparaja ane khAdIdhArI yuvakone potapotAnA ghare javAnuM jayAre samajAvavAmAM AvatuM tyAre teo kahetA - ame gherathI cAMllA karAvIne laDatamAM nIkaLyA chIe. te have zuM moM laIne pAchA ghera jaIe? have to jela maLe pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ky Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tyAM sudhI laData ApatA ja rahevAnA." temano A prakArano utsAha chelle sudhI TakI rahyo hato. Ama rAnIparaja vistAramAM rASTrIya AMdolanane lagatA anekavidha kAryakramo thayA temAM veDachI AzramanI bhUmikA mahattvanI rahevA pAmI hatI evuM uparokta carcA dvArA jANI zakAya che. Azrama dvArA racanAtmaka kAmo ane rAjakIya laDatanAM kAmone kyAreya paNa alaga pADavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Avyo na hato. jayAre rAjakIya laData thoDA samaya mATe zAMta rahetI tyAre Azrama racanAtmaka pravRtti karavA lAgato hato ane jyAre jyAre rAjakIya laData mATe rASTrabhaktonI jarUra paDatI to te pUrI pADavAnI mahattvanI javAbadArI paNa veDachI Azrame upADI lIdhI hatI. gAMdhIyuganA RSi jugatarAma dave, khAdIbhakta cUnIbhAI mahetA tathA cImanabhAI bhaTTanI trimUrtinI bheTa A vistAra tathA rASTrane maLI teno yaza svarAja Azrama veDachIne phALe jAya che ema kahevAmAM saheja paNa atizayokti gaNAze nahi. pAdaTIpa 1. paTela maMgubhAI rA, 'bhAratano svAtaMtrya saMgrAma ane tenA ghaDavaiyAo', yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, amadAvAda, 1994, pRSTha 270 2. "svarAja Azrama veDachInI sarjaka trimUrti", sva. jugatarAma dave janmazatAbdInI ujavaNI prasaMge prakAzita patrikA, svarAja Azrama, veDachI, ji. surata 3. dhAraiyA ramaNalAla ke. "Adhunika bhAratano itihAsa ane bhAratanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmo", khaMDa-2, (1920 thI 1947), yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAda, 1994, pRSTha 74 4. desAI IzvaralAla I. (saMpAdaka) "rAnIparajamAM jAgRti, svAtaMtrya saMgrAma sAhityamALA, pustaka-3, svAtaMtrya ItihAsa samiti, jillA paMcAyata, surata, 1971, pRSTha 56 5. caudharI dazarabena kAnajIbhAI (janma tArIkha 3-10-1918) veDachI gAmanAM vatanI tathA svAtaMtrya senAnI ane nivRtta zikSikAnI tA. 28 ane 29 navembara 2003 nA roja lIdhela rUbarU mulAkAta. caudharI mAdhubhAI dhu., bhAMbhora manasukhabhAI sI., vyAsa bhIkhubhAI, 'svarAja Azrama vaDelI' gujarAta kI naI tAlIma kI saMsthAoM kI paricayamAlA pu. 16, varmA azoka (anuvAda), gujarAta naI tAlIma saMgha, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amAvAva, pR. 6 7. caudharI dazarIbena kAnajIbhAI, pUrvokta. 8. desAI IzvaralAla I. (saMpAdaka) "svAtaMtrya saMgrAma', svAtaMtrya saMgrAma sAhityamALA, pustaka-5, svAtaMtrya itihAsa samiti, jillA paMcAyata, surata, 1975, pRSTha 382 . 9. dhAraiyA ramaNalAla ke., pUrvokta pRSTha 81 10. desAI nArAyaNa (saMpAdaka) "veDachIno vaDalo', grAma sevA samAja, vyArA, 1984, pRSTha 147 11. ejana 12. desAI IzvaralAla I. (saMpAdaka), pUrvokta pRSTha 57 13. desAI nArAyaNa (saMpAdaka), pUrvokta pRSTha 149 14. caudharI dazarabena kAnajIbhAI, pUrvokta 15. ejana 16. ejana 17. desAI nArAyaNa (saMpAdaka), pUrvokta pRSTha 150 18. dave jugatarAma, 'mArI jIvanakathA', navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda, 1975, pRSTha 170 19. dave bhagavatabhAI hariprasAda, amadAvAda jillAmAM Avela bAvaLA gAmanA mULavatanI tathA 1939 thI khAdI kuTira, veDachImAM rahetA ane svAtaMtrya senAnInI tA. 29-11-2003 zanivAranA roja lIdhela rUbarU mulAkAta. 20. desAI nArAyaNa (saMpAdaka), pUrvokta pRSTha 151 21. dave jugatarAma, khAdI bhakta cUnIbhAI', navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda, 1966, pRSTha 114-115 pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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svarAjya-saMgrAma patrikA : AjhAdInA itihAsanuM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana caudharI dilIpakumAra sI.* koIpaNa dezanI AjhAdInI laDatamAM saphaLatA meLavavA mATe lokajAgRti eka mahattvanuM paribaLa hoya che. ApaNA dezamAM paNa AjhAdInI vibhinna laDato daramyAna lokajAgRti keLavavA mATe vividha upAyo yojavAmAM AvelA jovA maLe che. sabhA saraghaso ane prabhAtapherInuM Ayojana, lokasaMparka, dainiko sAmayiko ke pustakonuM prakAzana, temaja patrikA-pravRtti dvArA ApaNe tyAM lokajAgRti keLavavAmAM AvatI hatI. AjhAdInI laDato jyAre aMgreja sarakAranA niyaMtraNamAM na rahetI tyAre te svAbhAvika rIte ja damanano koraDo vIMjhatI. sabhA saraghasa para pratibaMdha, saMvedanazIla sAhityanI japtI, temaja vAMdhAjanaka saMsthAo para pratibaMdha lAdavAmAM Avato. AvA saMjogomAM lokasaMparka mATe, lokajAgRti mATe, temaja laDatanA pracAra-prasAra mATe prajAne bhUgarbhamAM rahI patrikApravRtti calAvavI paDatI hatI. Ama sarakAre laDatane protsAhana ApatI tamAma pravRttio para pratibaMdha mUkyo hoya tyAre AvI bhUgarbha patrikA-pravRtti ghaNI mahattvanI pravRtti banI rahetI. patrikA-pravRtti : sarakArI pratibaMdhane kAraNe laDatanA sAcA samAcAra loko sudhI pahoMcADavA sAru, lokone samaye samaye laDatanI vAkepha karavA sAruM, laDatanA Ayojana ane kAryakramanI lokone jANa karavA sAru, laData pratye lokono utsAha TakAvI rAkhavA sAru, temaja lokone laData pratye jAgRta karavA sAru, patrikAnuM prakAzana thatuM. AjhAdInI laDato daramyAna gujarAtamAM paNa vibhinna patrikAo bahAra paDelI jovA maLe che, jemAM 'svarAja saMgrAma patrikA', 'bhArata saMgrAma patrikA', 'gujarAta satyAgraha samAcAra patrikA', 'bAraDolI satyAgraha patrikA', 'kheDA satyAgraha patrikA', 'borasada satyAgraha patrikA, 'mAtara satyAgraha patrikA', 'dharmayuddha', 'prajAmata', 'dholerA satyAgraha patrikA', 'kaeN Mgresa patrikA', 'cinagArI', 'taNakhA', 'vidyArthI patrikA', 'inkilAba', 'naraharibhAInI patrikA', 'sosAyaTI samAcAra patrikA', 'AjhAda phoja', 'rAjadroha', 'sAbarakAMThA samAcAra', 'paDadhama', 'mahIkAMThA', 'myunisipala samAcAra patrikA', ityAdi patrikAono samAveza thAya che. gujarAtanI vibhinna svAtaMtrya laDato aMge ghaNI mahattvapUrNa vigato A patrikAomAM paDelI jovA maLe che. Ama bhUgarbha patrikAo ApaNA AjhAdInA itihAsanuM Alekhana karavA mATe eka mahattvanuM sAdhana banI rahe che. navI dilhImAM AvelA ApaNA rASTrIya abhilekhAgAramAM, baoNmbe ArkAivjhamAM temaja gujarAta rAjya daphatara bhaMDAra khAtAnI vibhinna kacerIomAM vI-ochI saMkhyAmAM "AvI bhUgarbha patrikAo saMgRhIta thayelI che. gujarAta vidyApIThanA daphatara saMrakSaNa ekamamAM Azare 2000 jeTalI bhUgarbha patrikAono saMgraha karavAmAM Avyo che. vibhinna kAraNosara ApaNe A patrikA-sAhityane bacAvI zakyA nathI, tyAre je kaMI patrikAo Aje veravikhera hAlatamAM gujarAtamAM paDelI che te AvI saMsthAomAM saMgrahita thaI saMzodhakone upayogI thAya te atyaMta jarUrI che. patrikA mATenA samAcAra kAryakaro dvArA, akhabAronI kacerIo mAraphate athavA avara-javara karatA saMdezavAhako dvArA meLavavAmAM AvatA. patrikAo lakhavAnI mAhitI meLavavAnI, chApakAma karavAnI, tenuM vitaraNa karavAnI kAmagIrI je te vyaktine soMpI devAmAM AvatI. chApakAmanAM yaMtro judA judA ThekANe rAkhI rAtrInA samaye chApakAma karavAmAM AvatuM. yuvako ane yuvatIo vahelI savAre tene vaheMcI detAM A badhI pravRttio sarakAranI icchA viruddha thatI hovAthI temAM guptatA jALavavI atyaMta jarUrI hatuM ane tethI ja te khUba jokhamI pravRtti hatI. * anusnAtaka itihAsa vibhAga, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabha vidyAnagara pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM AjhAdInI laDato daramyAna jovA maLatI patrikA-pravRtti vibhinna vyaktio ke saMsthAo dvArA thayelI jovA maLe che. A pravRtti koI khAsa laDatanA saMdarbhamAM (dA.ta. bAraDolI satyAgraha patrikA), koI khAsa varganA saMdarbhamAM (dA.ta. vidyArthI patrikA) ke koI khAsa divasa ke ghaTanAnA saMdarbhamAM pragaTa thayelI jovA maLe che. patrikA hastalikhita, sAiklosTAilDa ke mudrita svarUpe taiyAra thatI. keTalIka patrikA dainika, sAptAhika ke aniyatakAlIna hatI. keTalIka patrikAnuM mUlya nizcita hatuM. jayAre keTalIka vinAmUlya prajA sudhI pahoMcADavAmAM AvatI. keTalIka patrikA para tene pragaTa karanAra vyakti ke saMsthAnuM sAcuM ke khoTuM nAma jovA maLe che, jayAre keTalIka patrikAmAM prakAzakanuM nAma ApavAmAM AvatuM na hatuM. svarAjya-saMgrAma patrikA : paricaya amadAvAda zaheramAMthI 'hiMda choDo' laDatanA saMdarbhamAM 1942 thI 1944 daramyAna "svarAjaya-saMgrAma nAmanI patrikA bahAra pADavAmAM AvatI hatI. svarAjya saMgrAma patrikA aThavADika samAcAra-saMgrahanA svarUpe gujarAta prAMtika saMgrAma samiti taraphathI pragaTa karavAmAM AvatI hatI, tA. 2-10-1942 nA roja teno prathama aMka pragaTa thayo hato, jyAre teno chello aMka tA. 13-5-1944 nA roja pragaTa thayo hato. A patrikAnA mathALe moTA akSare "svarAjaya-saMgrAma" evuM patrikAnuM nAma lakheluM jovA maLe che. tenI nIce devanAgarI lipimAM nAnA akSare patrikAno dhyAnamaMtra-satya-svAtaMtra lakhavAmAM Avato. tyArabAda patrikA pragaTa karyAnI tArIkha, aMka - naMbara temaja pRSThasaMkhyA ApavAmAM AvatAM. patrikAnA dareka aMkamAM prAraMbhamAM gAMdhIjInuM nimnalikhita vidhAna mUkavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. "meM mahAsabhAne hoDamAM mUkI che, ane mahAsabhA mATe to eTaluM ja rahe che : "kareMge yA mareMge." -'gAMdhIjI, (temanI 'AkharI hAkalamAM) patrikAnA dareka aMkamAM aMte devanAgarI lipimAM 'vaMde mAtaram' evuM lakheluM jovA maLe che. badhI patrikAo phulaskepa mApanA hAtha banAvaTanA kAgaLa para mudrita svarUpe taiyAra thayelI jovA maLe che. moTA bhAganI patrikAo sapheda kAgaLa para, jayAre keTalIka raMgIna kAgaLa para paNa chapAyelI jovA maLe che. vibhinna aMkomAM pRSThasaMkhyA samAcAronI mAtrAne kAraNe badalAtI rahelI jovA maLe che. A patrikAnuM vinAmUlya vitaraNa thatuM hatuM. - "svarAjaya -saMgrAma" patrikAmAM akhila gujarAtanA jillAvAra samAcAro dara aThavADiye pragaTa karavAmAM AvatA hatA. patrikAnuM chApakAma be kolamamAM thayeluM jovA maLe che. Ama 'hiMda choDo'nI laDatanA saMdarbhamAM samagra gujarAtanI mAhitI ApatI A ekamAtra patrikA hovAthI tenuM aitihAsika mahattva svAbhAvika rIte ja ghaNuM che. vaLI temAM laDatanA samAcAro jillAvAra ApelA hovAthI saMzodhakone mAhitI zodhavAmAM saraLatA rahe che. svarAjaya-saMgrAma' patrikAnuM adhyayana karatAM te vAta spaSTa rIte samajAya che ke A patrikAnuM prakAzana anubhavI vyaktio dvArA thayuM haze. patrikAnA prAraMbhe tenA prathama aMkamAM patrikA pragaTa karavAno uddeza spaSTa karatAM A pramANe jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che : pahelAnI satyAgraha-laDatonI jema gujarAta A chellA AjhAdInA jaMgamAM paNa potAno yazasvI phALo ApatuM hiMdanA anya prAMtonI haroLamAM UbhuM che, tathA keTalIka agatyanI bAbatomAM to saunI mokhare paNa che. gujarAtanI e yazasvI laDatanuM jillAvAra athavA vibhAgavAra aThavADika tAraNa ApavAno ane saMgharavAno A patrikAno irAdo che. gujarAtanA judA judA jillAomAM AjhAdInA jaMgano zo vaga che ane zuM svarUpa che, te A uparathI dara aThavADiye saune jANavA maLaze. uparAMta gujarAtanI laDatanAM je keTalAka khAsa svarUpo che te bIjA prAMtone prAmANika rIte jANavA maLavAthI temane aneka rIte upayogI thaI paDaze. A aMka to gAMdhIjInA janmadine zubha zarUAta thAya eTalA mATe ja prasiddha karyo che ane tene chUTI-chavAI paNa pramANabhUta mAhitIothI pUryo che. pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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havethI tA. 2-10-42 thI aThavADiyuM zarU karI, dareka jillAvAra mAhitI ApavAno irAdo che. (svarAjaya-saMgrAma patrikA, 2-10-1942) jayAre patrikAnA chellA aMkamAM tenuM prakAzana baMdha karatAM A pramANe jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che : (1) vidAya : bApujInA gaI chaThThI me e thayelA chuTakArAnI sAthe 9 mI oNgasTa 1942 nA divasathI zarU thayelI "kvITa inDiyA"nI laDatano pahelo tabakko pUro thAya che. ema kahevuM joIe teno bIjo tabakko kyAre ane kevI rIte zarU thaze enI kalpanA karavAnI Aje koIne jarUra nathI. jyAre kadI paNa te tabakko zarU thaze tyAre te laDatanA vidhAtA pU. gAMdhIjInI sIdhI dekharekha ane sIdhI doravaNI heThaLa ja zarU thaze, ema atyAre kadAca kahI zakAya. paraMtu te bIjo tabakko zarU thAya tyAra pahelAM, pahelAM tabakkAnI rue cAlatI badhI pravRttio Apo Apa aTake e aneka rIte iSTa che, jethI navA tabakkAnuM pahaluM bApujI potAne ThIka lAge tyAre ane ThIka lAge tevI rIte bharI zake e rIte vistAramAM pahelA tabakkAnA samAcAra saMgraha rUpe zarU karavAmAM AvelI A patrikA, A aMkathI vAcakanI vidAya le e yogya lAge che. amane potAne vaiyaktika rIte e vidAya kaMIka vasamI lAge che. kAraNa ke e vidAya kaTokaTInA kaparA saMjogo daramyAna aDhAra mahinA niraMtara sAthe rahelA sAthIdAro, sahAyako ane sahRdathI vAcakothI chUTA paDavAnI vidAya che. amArA sau guNadoSane ane UNapone udAratAthI sahI laIne e sau vargoe amane bhAre sahakAra ane uttejanA ardhAM che. e sau vargo harahaMmeza amArI sarva pravRtti vakhate amArI najara sAme mojUda rahelA hovAthI temanAthI chUTA paDatAM Aje ame kharekhara be hRdayo vikhUTAM paDatAM hoya tevI vedanA anubhavIe chIe. (2) A patrikA : dareka sAmudAyika caLavaLanI sAthe koI ne koI rUpe tenuM potAnuM samAcAra-patra hoya e Avazyaka che. dezabharane vyApatI caLavaLa daramyAna judA judA bhAgomAM zuM cAle che tenA sattAvAra samAcAra jANavAnI sau kendrone iMtejArI rahe che. e samAcAra ekabIjAne preraNAdAyI tathA mArgadarzaka thaI paDe che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa sAcI mAhitIne abhAve je gerasamajo ane gappAnuM rAjya zarU thAya che tenAthI thatA nukasAnamAMthI to jarUra bacI javAya che. sarakAra paNa A vastu barAbara samajatI hovAthI ja dareka sAmudAyika caLavaLa vakhate koI prakAranI sAcI ke pUratI mAhitI lokone na maLe, tathA judA judA vibhAgomAM cAlatI laData vize khoTA ke adhUrA samAcArothI ja lokono jusso toDI pADavAnuM phAve, te mATe chApAne moMe DUcA lagAvI de che. AvA AvA kaMIka vicArothI laDatanA zarUAtanA vakhatamAM ja judA judA jillAnA kAryakartAoe ekaThA maLI A patrikAnI sthApanA karAvI. (3) keTalAka anubhavo : eTaluM kaMI bhUlavuM na joIe ke A jAtanI samAcAra-patrikAnI pravRttine satyAgraha jevI khullI rIte cAlatI laDatanA aMga rUpa ke prakAra rUpa na ja gaNavI joIe. tenI upayogitA ane tenA hetu laDatathI judA prakAranA che, eTale tenuM taMtra paNa laDatamAM sAmela thanArAothI svataMtra evA loko vaDe ja racAvuM joIe. tAluke-tAluke amuka khAsa lokone pramANa pUratA samAcAro laDatanAM kendromAMthI ke kendronA saMcAlako pAsethI ekaThA karI patrikAnA kendre pahoMcatA karavA mATe alaga ja rAkhavA joIe. to ja A jAtanI patrikA pUrepUrI upayogI thaI paDe. paraMtu AvuM kaMIka taMtra racavAnI vAta vicAravAnI Ave che tyAre amAro anubhava che ke keTalAka kAryakartAonA manamAM A jAtanI pravRtti satyAgrahanI laDatanA siddhAMta anusAra gaNAya ke nahI, tenI carcA ja chevaTa sudhI pUrI thatI nathI ane pariNAme teo koI paNa jAtanI madada chevaTa sudhI karatA nathI, tyAre bIjA keTalAka potAne laDatane lagatAM hAtha uparanAM kAmomAM ja eTalA badhA parovAI gayelA mAne che ke, teo A jAtanI vyavasthA mATe pathika traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pUrato vicAra ke phurasada phAjala pADatA nathI, ane emaja kahyA kare che ke "svarAjaya kaMI A patrikA vagara aTakI nathI rahevAnuM'. bIjA keTalAkane koI pravRtti potAnI dekharekha heThaLa ke potAne hAthe zarU nathI thaI hatI tethI tenA yogya saMcAlana bAbata chevaTa sudhI aMdezo ja rahyA kare che ane tethI teo te pravRttinuM mota ja icchayA kare che. bIjA keTalAka to pravRtti zarU thayA pachI tene lagatA koI nAnA mudAnI bAbatamAM temane matabheda paDe che, ke kaMIka khAmI jaNAya che, to tene potAnA vadhu sahakArathI ke salAha-sUcanAthI ThIka karI levAno prayatna karavAne badale potAno sahakAra pAcho kheMcI laI te pravRttine suvADI devAnuM ja vadhu pasaMda kare che. A jAtanI muzkelIo ApaNI badhI sAmudAyika pravRttione haju naDyA ja karavAnI AvI bAbatono vAraMvAra anubhava ja chevaTe sau koIne vadhu zANA tathA vadhu namra banAve che. (4) eka sUcanA : eka vAta Aje anubhavane aMte amane bhaviSyane mATe noMdhatA javAnuM mana thAya che ane te e ke, A jAtanI patrikAe hamezAM samAcAra patrikA ja rahevuM ane laDatanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM samAcArane abhAve bIjI bAbatothI jagyA pUravI paDe to laDatane mArgadarzana ApavAno ke lokone hAkalo karyA karavAno mithyA prayatna karIne athavA bIjA maMDaLo ke kAryakartAonI rItinItinI sastI TIkA ke carcA karIne te jagyA bharavAne badale bIjI yogya rIte jarUrI mAhitIthI ja te jagA bharavI. ema karavAthI ghaNAM gharSaNo ane ghaNI nirarthaka ApadAothI bacI javAze ane potAnI upayogitA chevaTa sudhI jALavI zakAze. (5) bhAre haiye : aMtamAM pharIthI ame sau vAcako ane sAthIonI bhAreye vidAya laIe chIe. AgaLa thoDA mahinA duniyAbharanI prajAo mATe bhAre kaTokaTI nIvaDavAnI che, ema ame joI rahyA chIe. prabaLa zAhIvAdI lolupa paradezI sattAonI e virATa athaDAmaNo upara ja ApaNA dezanA bhAvino prazna hamezAM TallA khAyA kare, e vicAra manamAM AvatAM ja kaMpI uThAya che, mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA jIvanakALa daramyAna hiMdI prajA AkharI prayatna karIne potAnI mAtRbhUmine paradezI rAjakAraNonAM vamaLomAMthI mukta karI leze kharI ? vaMde mAtaram (svarAjaya-saMgrAma patrikA, 13-5-1944) niSkarSa : Ama "svarAjya-saMgrAma" patrikA e gujarAtanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA ItihAsanuM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana che. 'hiMda choDo'nI laDatamAM gujarAtanA pradAna aMge jANavuM hoya to A patrikAo khUba ja upayogI nIvaDe tema che. AnaMdanI bAbata e che ke A patrikAnA eka be aMkone bAda karatAM bAkInA badhA ja aMko gujarAta vidyApIThanA daphatara saMrakSaNa ekamamAM sacavAyelA che. A saMgrahanA khUTatA aMko paNa jo maLI Ave to svarAjya-saMgrAma patrikAno saLaMga saMgraha saMzodhako mATe upalabdha thaI zake tema che. kamanasIbe AvI patrikAo saLaMga zreNInA svarUpe kyAMya sacavAyelI nathI, tethI jaimanI pAse AvI patrikAo hoya temaNe kAyamI saMgraha ane saMzodhana arthe AvI saMsthAone bheTa ApavI joIe, jethI karIne ApaNA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA itihAsano A amUlya vAraso saune sAru sulabha bane. saMdarbha : 1. 'svarAjaya-saMgrAma' patrikA, tA. 2-10-1942 thI tA. 13-5-1944 2. zukla, jayakumAra, 'betAlIsamAM amadAvAda', prathama AvRtti, maMgalam 32 paMcavaTI, maNInagara, amadAvAda-8, 1988 3. jamInadAra, raseza, "svAdhInatA saMgrAmamAM gujarAta', prathama AvRtti, gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda, 1989 pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rASTranI AjhAdInI laDatamAM svAtaMtrya senAnI sva. zrI ratubhAI adANInuM pradAna - eka aitihAsika adhyayana - subhASa lakSmaNa mAru dareka jIva mAtra svataMtra rahevA icche che ane te game te bhoge svataMtratA prApta karavA prayatno karato hoya che. e svataMtratA vyaktigata, samAja, rAjya, rASTra ke vizvanI paNa hoI zake. teno uddeza mAtra svataMtratAnI prApti che. ApaNo deza paNa briTiza taMtranI cuMgAla nIce gulAmI bhogavI rahyo hato tyAre aneka svAtaMtryavIroe mAtRbhUmi mATe potAnA prANa arpaNa karI dIdhA. AthI ja ApaNI AjhAdIno itihAsa gauravavaMto ane vaMdanIya che. svataMtratA mATeno A saMdarbha sadIo sudhI bhAvi prajAne mAthuM UMcu karI jIvavAno adhikAra ane amUlya mArgadarzana pUruM pADanAra che. svataMtratAnI havAmAM jIvatI dareke dareka vyaktine A bAbatano ahesAsa karAvavo jarUrI che, kemake je adhikAro ApaNe Aje sahaja rIte pAmI zakyA chIe te meLavavA keTalAyanuM lohI reDAyuM che, aneka svAtaMtrya sainikoe asahya yAtanAo veThI che. temanA balidAnanI yAtanAothI prajA ajANa haze to temane svataMtratAnI kiMmata samajAze nahIM. AthI svAtaMtrya senAnIonA jIvanamAMthI ApaNane preraNA maLe e uddezathI svAtaMtrya senAnI sva. zrI. ratubhAI adANInAM jIvanakAryone eka zodha nibaMdhanA svarUpamAM rajU karyo che. teonuM jIvana ApaNA jIvana ghaDataramAM pathadarzaka banI raheze e abhilASA che. zrI ratubhAI adANInuM prAraMbhika jIvana : saurASTranA jasadaNa pAsenA ATakoTanA mULa vatanI ane bhANavaDamAM talATI-maMtrInI nokarI karatA pitA zrI mULazaMkarabhAI adANI ane mAtA jaDAvabA adANInI kUkhe tA. 13-4-1914 nA zrI ratubhAI adANIno janma thayo hato. bALapaNathI ja nirbhaya ane anyAyano sAmano karavAno svabhAva dharAvatA hatA. prAthamika zikSaNa-ATakoTa, muMbaI, cAlIsagAMva, dhULiyA ane bilIyAmAM meLavyuM. amarelImAM hAIskUlanuM zikSaNa zarU karyuM. amarelImAM DaoN. jIvarAjabhAI mahetAnA bhatrIjA bhagavAnajIbhAI 'samartha vyAyAma maMdira' calAvatA hatA. A vyAyAma maMdiramAM ratubhAI adANIe vyAyAmanI tAlIma lIdhI. vyAyAma maMdiramAM bhagavAnajIbhAInAM rASTrIya bhAvanAnA vicAroe teone laDatamAM joDAvA preryA. "saurASTra" sAptAhikanA lekhoe rASTrIya bhAvanAne poSI. pariNAmasvarUpe teone AjhAdInI laDatamAM joDAvA vicAra Avyo ane teo AjhAdInI laDatamAM joDAyA. AjhAdInI laDatamAM yogadAna : 6ThThI eprila, 1930 mAM zarU thayela mIThA satyAgrahamAM teonI uMmara nAnI hovAthI joDAI zakyA nahi. paraMtu 13 eprila 1930 mAM baLavaMtabhAInA netRtva nIce yojAyela dholerA satyAgrahathI AjhAdInI laDatamAM joDAyA hatA. dholerA, mIMgaLapUra, baravALA, boTAda, dhoLakA, caloDA, dhrAMgadhrA, rANapuramAM thayelA satyAgrahomAM binajakAtI mIThuM vecavAnuM videzI kApaDanuM pikeTiMga-kAma, sabhA, saraghasa, prabhAtapherI, kara na bharavA prajAne jAgRta karavA jevI pravRttio satyAgraha daramyAna karI hatI. lokajAgRtinAM kAryo mATe gAme-gAme pharI ane AjhAdInI laData mATe yuvAnone taiyAra karavAnuM kAma ane krAMti patrikA" chApI tenuM vitaraNanuM kAma karyuM hatuM. satyAgraha saMgrAma daramyAna lAThImAra, ghoDAdoDano mAra, goLIbAra jevI yAtanAo veThI hatI. polIso sAthe thayelA saMgharSamAM asahya mAra paDyo ane dharapakaDo vahorI dhaMdhukAnI kAcI jela, sAbaramatI jela (traNavAra), nAsika jelamAM daMDAbeDI, guNIpATa, phaTakA, vAiTa henDa kepha, kAMjInI sajAo bhogavI hatI. jelamAM sUtaranA daDA banAvavAnuM, muMja kaTavA jevAM kAryo karatA hatA. jelamAM svAmI AnaMda, ravizaMkara mahArAja, choTubhAI purANI jevA mahAnubhAvonA jJAnano pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lAbha maLatAM jela e yAtanAdhAma na rahetAM vidyAdhAma banI gayuM hatuM. 1942nI "hiMda choDo" laData e lokakrAMti gaNAya che, kAraNa ke 8mI ogasTa, 1942nI rAtrIe moTA bhAganA netAonI dharapakaDa thaI gayela. AthI netRtva karanAra koI rahyuM nahi. AthI lokoe svayaM netRtva saMbhALI laData calAvI hatI. A laDatomAM lokono utsAha jusso anero hato. ratubhAI adANI ane temanA "kAThiyAvADa krAMtidaLanA sAthIo AjhAdInA AkharI saMgrAmamAM joDAyA hatA. teoe sarakArI taMtrane sthagita karavA pikeTiMga, bahiSkAra jevA kAryakramo uparAMta sarakAranA saMdezAvyavahAranAM sAdhano relve, lazkarI sAmagrInuM utpAdana rokavA bhAMgaphoDanI pravRtti svIkArI. dhoLA, zihora, thAna, vAMkAnera, bhAvanagara vagere sthaLoe relvenA tAra-thAMbhalA toDI nAkhavA, pATA ukheDI nAkhavA jevI bhAMgaphoDanI pravRttio zarU karatAM briTiza taMtra cokI UThyuM ane badhA relvenA pATA para sakhata polIsano pahero goThavI dIdho. chatAM teoe ane sAthIoe vAMkAnera-bhogAvAnA pulone boMba-ToTAthI uDAvI devA yojanA banAvI paraMtu saphaLatA maLI na hatI. teonI A pravRttithI briTiza taMtra vadhAre pAMgaLuM banI gayuM hatuM. AvI bhAMgaphoDanI pravRtti dezabharamAM cAlatI hatI. AthI briTiza taMtra aMte thAkyuM ane vahelI take bhAratane svataMtratA ApavA nirNaya lIdho ane 15 oNgasTa, 1947nA ApaNe AjhAda thayA. kAThiyAvADanA kALajA samA jUnAgaDhane pAkistAna sAthe bheLavI devA jUnAgaDhanA navAbe nirNaya lIdho. AthI jUnAgaDhane pAkistAnamAM jatuM aTakAvavA ratubhAI adANIe zAmaLadAsa gAMdhInA vaDapaNa nIce "AjhAda jUnAgaDha phojanI racanA karI jene ArajhI hakUmata tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM AvatI hatI. tenA sarasenApatipade ratubhAI adANInI pasaMdagI thaI hatI. teoe jUnAgaDhane meLavavA pAkistAna sAme dharmayuddhanI ghoSaNA karI. sazastra sainikonuM saMgaThana racI zastra tAlIma zibiro valabhIpura, proLamAM zarU karI, jemAM kepTana bAlamasiMhanI sevA prApta thaI hatI. ArajhI hakUmatanA sainikonI vIratA, parAkrama ane rASTrabhAvanA ane ratubhAI adANInuM netRtva ane saradAranI kunehabharI nItie jUnAgaDhane bhAratanuM eka agrima aMga rUpe prasthApita karyuM hatuM. racanAtmaka pravRttio : zrI. ratubhAI adANInuM racanAtmaka kSetre vizALa yogadAna raheluM che. khAdI, grAmodyoga, carmoghoga, khetI, saMvardhana, kAgaLa udhoga jevI racanAtmaka pravRttione samAjamAM pratiSThA apAvavA taravaDAmAM "sarvodaya maMdira" (1934)mAM sthapAyuM. e sAthe sarvodaya carmAlayano vikAsa thayo. teonI A pravRtti tarapha loko AkarSAyA hatA. racanAtmaka pravRttine vegavAna banAvavA 1947mAM "saurASTra racanAtmaka samiti-rAjakoTa"nI racanA AgevAna sabhyo sAthe maLI karI. zAhapuramAM paNa "sarvodaya Azrama" nI sthApanA racanAtmaka pravRttinA vikAsa mATe karI hatI. Ama racanAtmaka pravRttinA vikAsa mATe AjIvana kAryarata rahyA hatA. prajAmAM sAmAjika rAjakIya jAgRti lAvavA teoe "kAThiyAvADa kAryakara saMgha"nI racanA karI hatI. prajAne bhUpata ane vIsA mAMjariyA jevA bahAravaTiyAnA trAsathI mukta karavA amarelI, DhasA, sAvarakuMDalA, pAlitANAmAM sazastra tAlIma zibiro zarU karI ane svayaM mAnada polIsa inspekTaranI javAbadArI saMbhALIne bahAravaTIyAonA trAsathI saurASTra paMthakanI prajAne mukta karI hatI. - zikSaNano samAjamAM vyApa vadhAravA "soraTha zikSaNa saMskRti saMdha" (1963), "soraTha mahilA keLavaNI maMDaLa" (1963), amarelI vidyAsabhA jevI zaikSaNika saMsthAonI sthApanA karI ane tenA saMcAlakapade rahI zikSaNa mATe uttama kAmagIrI karI hatI. rUpAyatana saMsthAnI javAbadArI saMbhALI tyAM zikSaNa zALA sthApI ane teno vikAsa karavAmAM teono bahu moTo phALo hato. jema svastha zarIramAM svastha mastiSkanuM nirmANa thAya che tema svastha nAgarikothI ja rASTranI unnati zakya pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. ArogyakSetre bahu mUlyavAna kAmagIrI teonI hatI, jemAM noMdhIe to soraTha kSaya nivAraNa samitinI racanA, akSayagaDhamAM karI ane tenA dvArA akSayagaDha, bAbaDA, unA, cAvaDA vagere jagyAe TI.bI. hospiTalonI sthApanA karI. DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA mAraka TrasTa - amarelInI 1979 mAM sthApanA thaI ane tenA Adya sthApaka ane AjIvana pramukha rahyA hatA. DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA smAraka heltha phAunDezana amadAvAdamAM cAle che. Ama Arogya kSetre agraNya ane mUlyavAna phALo rahelo che. rAjakIya kSetre teonuM ananya pradAna raheluM che. grAmapaMcAyatathI rASTrIya keMgresanI racanA sudhI teonI eka viziSTa AbhA hatI. saurASTra baMdhAraNa sabhAnA sabhyapade binaharipha cUMTAI AvelA. saurASTra vidhAnasabhAmAM maMtrIpade rahyA hatA. dvibhASI muMbaI rAjyamAM eka maMtrIpade rahI nazAbaMdhI maMDaLanI racanA karI hatI. gujarAta rAjayanI sthApanA 1 me 1960 nA thaI tyArathI 1980 sudhInA samayagALA daramyAna judA judA netRtvavALA pradhAnonA maMtrImaMDaLamAM mahattvanA maMtrI tarIke rahyA hatA jemAM DaoN. jIvarAja mahetAnA netRtva nIce (1961-63), ghanazyAmabhAI ojhA (1971-72), cImanabhAI paTela (1973-74)nA netRtvavALI, sarakAramAM khAdI, grAmodyoga, sarvodaya, sahakAra, paMcAyata, nazAbaMdhI, makAna-mArga, baMdara, sicAI jevAM mahattvanAM khAtAMonI javAbadArI saMbhALI hatI. uparAMta saurASTra keMgresa pramukhapade (1947-51), indirA gAMdhInI koMgresa-Ara (1969), keMgresaI (1977) mAM gujarAta pradeza keMgresanA pramukha sthAne rahI rASTra mATe samarpaNanI bhAvanA, niSThAvAna, lokakalyANanI bhAvanA, taTasthatA paNa dAkhavI noMdhanIya kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. 1980mAM indirA gAMdhInI keMgresa-I mAMthI chUTA paDyA pachI keTalAka mitronA Agraha ane sahakArathI "rASTrIya koMgresa"nI racanA karI hatI, saphaLatA na maLatAM rAjakAraNamAMthI teoe nivRtti lIdhI. ratubhAI adANI eka sAhityanA premI ane sAhityanA sarjaka paNa hatA. teonuM sAhitya itihAsalekhana mATe khUba upayogI thAya evuM che. teonA sAhityano rasAsvAda temanI kRtimAM joI zakAya che. eka svAtaMtrya senAnI, sAhityakAra, itihAsakAra ane samAjanI sevAnA bhekhadhArI ane gAMdhI vicArasaraNInA amUlya vArasadAra virala vibhUti zrI ratubhAI adANIne ApaNe tA. pa-9-1997nA gumAvyA. paraMtu teonI jIvanazailI mAnavasamAjane siddhionA zikhara sara karavA preraNA rUpa banI raheze. ratubhAI adANInuM sAhitya sarjana : 1. dIThuM meM gAmaDuM jyAM', bhAratIya sAhityasaMgha li. amadAvAda 1946 2. gaMgAvataraNa' bhAga 1-2, gujarAta samAja zikSaNa samiti surata - 1968 3. "soraThanI lokakrAMtinAM vaheNa ane vamaLa' bhAga 1, 2 - navaraMga prakAzana, rAjakoTa - 1984 4. 'virala vibhUti ravizaMkara mahArAja', ravizaMkara mahArAja sevA TrasTa, amadAvAda-1988 5. "satyAgrahanA samarAMgaNamAM', bhAga 1, 2 - DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA smAraka TrasTa, amarelI 1989 AjhAdInA AkharI saMgrAmamAM', DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA smAraka TrasTa amarelI, 1989 che. svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanAM mArAM saMsmaraNo', ghelANI keLavaNI TrasTa, sAvarakuMDalA - 1993 8. jamAno badalAI gayo 9. "phulachAba' dainikamAM 1994, 1995, 1996 mAM "kAThiyAvADanA jAhera jIvananI tavArIkhanI ArasI", 1997 mAM "prAmajIvananA tANAvANA", lekhamALA dara ravivAre saurabha pUrtimAM pragaTa thatI hatI. 10. "UrminavaracanA" mAsikamAM "svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA sAthIdAranAM saMbhAraNAM', satyAgrahanAM saMsmaraNonI pathika naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2003 * 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lekhamALA, 4ra no AkharI saMgrAma ane kAThiyAvADanA jAhera jIvana mAM lekhamALAo prasiddha thaI hatI. saMdarbha graMtho 1. zazIbhAI bhaTTa, uSAbahena pAThaka, 'samarpita jIvananI jhAMkhI', prakAzana - soraTha kSaya-nivAraNa samiti, akSayagaDha 2. ratubhAI adANI, "AjhAdInA AkharI saMgrAmamAM', prakAzana - DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA smAraka TrasTa, amarelI 3. ratubhAI adANI, "satyAgrahanA samarAMgaNamAM bhAga 1-2, prakAzana - DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA smAraka TrasTa, amarelI 4. ratubhAI adANI, "soraThanI lokakrAMtinAM vaheNa ane vamaLa' - prakAzana-navaraMga prakAzana-rAjakoTa 5. ratubhAI koThArI, jUnAgaDhanI lokakrAMti', prakAzana - vorA enDa kaMpanI limiTeDa-muMbaI da, jayAbahena zAha, "saurASTranA svAtaMtrya sainiko ane laDato', prakAzana - saurASTra ratanAtmaka samiti 7. jayakumAra zukla, "betAlIsamAM gujarAta', prakAzana - gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, amadAvAda 8. ratubhAI adANI, Urmi navaracanA mAsika aMka, prakAzana - navaraMga prakAzana-rAjakoTa pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAja-sudhAraka ane svAtaMtrya-senAnI - lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI DaoN. jayakumAra ra. zukla* kacchanA loko prAcIna samayathI IrAnI akhAtanA dezo, arabastAna, zrIlaMkA, jAvA, sumAtrA, cIna, kaMboja vagere dezo sAtheno vepAra kheDatA AvyA che. AvI kArakirdI agAunA yugamAM ati kaThina hatI, chatAM teo sAhasa kheDIne dUra dUranA dezo ane pradezomAM jatA hatA. evI rIte kacchathI muMbaI jaI vaselA ane potAnAM parizrama, buddhi ane sAhasathI nAmAMkita thayelA monajI bhANajI, jIvarAja bAlu, rAmajI catura, gokaLadAsanA pitA tejapALa, rAmadAsa bhANajI vagere mukhya hatA, evI rIte lakSmIdAsa terasInA pUrvajo kacchathI jaIne vasyA hatA. muMbaImAM lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI zrImaMta vepArI uparAMta samAja-sudhAraka ane svAtaMtrya senAnI hatA. lakSmIdAsano janma 23 mI oNkTobara1876nA roja kacchI bhATiyA hiMdu kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. temanuM mULa nAma dhArasI ThAkarasI hemarAja hatuM. temanA mAsA ravajI tarasI dhanavAna parivAranA hatA. muMbaImAM temano vepAra ghaNo sAro cAlato hato, paraMtu temane saMtAna nahotuM. tethI temaNe A bALakanI hoziyArI joIne temane dattaka lIdhA ane te lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI banyA, mAsA pAse aDhaLaka saMpatti hovAthI lakSmIdAsano uchera vaibhava ane mojazokhathI thayo hato. temaNe muMbaI yunivarsiTImAMthI I.sa. 1899 mAM bI.e.nI parIkSA pAsa karI. te samaye ATalo abhyAsa karanAranI saMkhyA ghaNI ochI hatI. lakSmIdAse ema.e.no abhyAsa zarU karyo.abhyAsanAM be varSa pUrAM karyo. paraMtu pote mAMdA paDyA ane parIkSA ApI zakyA nahi. temaNe abhyAsa choDI dIdho. parantu AjIvana abhyAsanI Teva jALavI rAkhI. teo phrenca sAhitya sahita vividha viSayonuM vAcana karatA hatA. te samayanA prasiddha lekhako sahita vaoNlTera ane rUsonAM pustako temaNe vAMcyAM hatAM. aDhAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM tathA ogaNIsamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM A baMne lokapriya lekhakonA vicArono yuropanA ziSTa samAja para UMDo prabhAva paDyo hato. tatkAlIna samAjanA kurivAjo tathA dhArmika bAbatomAM AcaravAmAM AvatI gerarItionI jhATakaNI kADhatAM volTaranAM kaTAkSamaya lakhANono UMDo prabhAva lakSmIdAsa para paDyo hato. gujarAtamAM durgArAma mahetAjI, karasanadAsa mULajI, mahIpatarAma rUparAma, kavi narmadAzaMkara, jevA samAjasudhArakonI pravRttiothI gujarAtIono samAja sArI peThe jAgRta thavA lAgyo hato. lakSmIdAsa paNa sudhArAvAdI banyA hatA. potAnI jJAtinA sudhArako ane pragatizIlonI saMsthA 'bhATiyA mitramaMDaLa'mAM lakSmIdAsa joDAyA. temaNe A saMsthA taraphathI 'pola patrikA' pragaTa karavA mAMDI, temAM jJAtinA loko dvArA AcaravAmAM AvatA kurivAjo, daMbha, durAcAra, aniSTo tathA chetarapiMDI jAhera karI dIdhAM. temanI kalamanI kaThoratA tathA kaTAkSamaya ane kaDaka AlocanAyukta zailIthI jJAtinA netAo krodhe bharAyA ane A yuvAna sudhArakanI vAMdhAjanaka pravRttio AgaLa vadhatI rokI devA tatpara thayA. "polapatrikA' viruddha adAlatamAM mukadamo dAkhala karavAmAM Avyo paraMtu tenAthI kaMI phera paDyo nahi. chevaTe lakSmIdAse potAnI rUpiyA pAMca lAkhanI milakatanA dastAvejo jAmInargIrI mATe ApyA, chatAM jJAtinA netAo sAmenA AkSepo karavAnA baMdha karyA nahi. eka mANasa bIjAne halako mAnIne tenI sAthe aspRzyatA pALe te temane pasaMda nahotuM. narasiMha mahetA ane dayAnaMda sarasvatI aspRzyatAnA virodhI hatA. e mujaba muMbaImAM sare nArAyaNa caMdAvarakara tathA viThThala rAmajI ziMdee aspRzyatA nivAraNa mATe abhiyAna AraMbhya tyAre sudhAraka valaNanA lakSmIdAsa temAM joDAI gayA. tenA phalasvarUpe bhATiyA jJAtinA rUDhicusta AgevAno temanA upara ciDhAyA. temane jJAtimAMthI dUra karavAnI noTisa ApavAmAM AvI. tenuM asarakAraka pariNAma na AvavAthI jJAtie TharAva karIne temanI sAthenA sarve saMbaMdho kApI 5, rannApArka, vibhAga-3, amadAvAda-61 pathika # vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobau Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAkhIne sAmAjika bahiSkAra karyo. aneka kaSTo sahana karIne baLavAkhora mijAjanA lakSmIdAsa pahADanI jema acaLa rahyA. AvA makkama manobaLanA pariNAme temanI pratiSThA vadhI, jJAtijanone protsAhana ApanAra dharmAcAryo narama paDyA. bhATiyA mahAjana maMDaLanI terasI viruddhanI pravRttio kramazaH baMdha paDI gaI. eka adAlatamAM potAnA vicAro pragaTa karatAM temaNe kahyuM hatuM ke, "huM koI jJAti ke saMpradAyamAM mAnato nathI. mAre koI dharma ke bhagavAna nathI. huM phakta hiMdu chuM." lokamAnya bALa gaMgAdhara TiLaka ane zrImatI enI besanTe anukrame pUNe ane cennAI (madrAsa)mAM alaga alaga homarUla lIganI sthApanA karI. teno uddeza sAMsthAnika darajjAnuM svarAja meLavavAno hato. terasI A caLavaLamAM joDAyA ane temAM mahattvano bhAga lIdho. muMbaImAM jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa, uMmara sobAnI, zaMkaralAla beMkara vagere sAthe terasIe homarUla AMdolananuM saMgaThana sAdhavAmAM tathA sabhAo yojI lokone svarAjanI jarUriyAta samajAvavAmAM noMdhapAtra kArya karyuM. terasI muMbaInI zAkhAnA khajAnacI banyA ane lIMganI pravRttio mATe aneka gujarAtI zrImaMto pAsethI moTI rakamano phALo ugharAvI Apyo hato. I.sa. 1918mAM muMbaImAM inphalyuenjhAno roga phATI nIkaLyo. davAo ane DaoNkaTaro tenA phelAvAne rokavAmAM azaktimAna puravAra thayAM. rojanA seMkaDo mANaso mRtyu pAmatA hatA. rojanAM AThaso jeTalAM zaba smazAne agnisaMskAra karavA laI javAmAM AvatAM hatAM. lokone davAo vaheMcavAnI vyavasthA karavA uparAMta, terasI smazAnamAM hAjara rahIne, yogya rIte agnisaMskAra thAya tenI pUratI kALajI rAkhavA lAgyA. tyAM teo badhA lokone zakya eTalI vadhu madada karatA hatA. baLataNanAM lAkaDAMnI vadhI gayelI mAgane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne lAkaDAMnA keTalAka anya dharmanA vepArIoe bhAvo khUba vadhArI dIdhA. temaNe lAkaDAMnI kRtrima taMgI sarjI. lakSmIdAsa saMjogonA dAsa thavAmAM mAnatA nahotA. temano sevAbhAvI AtmA khaLabhaLI UThyo. temaNe vepArIonI ijArAzAhI toDavA ane sAmAnya lokonI sevA karavA baLataNanA lAkaDAnI dukAna kholIne ghaNA ochA bhAve lAkaDAM vecavA mAMDyAM. vaLI sAdhAraNa sthitinA lokone vinAmulya lAkaDAM ApavAM mAMDyAM bhAratanA jANItA rASTravAdI aMgrejI dainika "dha bomba kronikala'nA taMtrI bI.jI. hornimenane briTiza sarakAranI viruddhamAM lekho pragaTa karavAne kAraNe 1919mAM sarakAre dezanikAla karyA. tyAre eka dezabhakta aMgrejane Arthika sahAya karavA terasIe vIsa hajAra rUpiyAno phALo bhego karI honimenane mokalI Apyo. A uparAMta teo Arthika jarUriyAtavALA vidyArthIo, dardIo, garIbo, anAtho vagerene guptadAna karatA. dAna ApIne nAmanA meLavavAnI temaNe kadApi IcchA rAkhI nahotI. lakSmIdAsa zikhAmaNa ApavAne badale teno amala karavAmAM mAnatA hatA. I.sa. 1920mAM bhAratIya rASTrIya kaMgresanuM vArSika adhivezana nAgapuramAM maLyuM. temAM gAMdhIjIe asahakArano aitihAsika TharAva rajU karIne tenA upara bhASaNa ApyuM. gAMdhIjInI hRdayabhedaka vANI sAMbhaLIne temanA virodhIo paNa TekedAro banI gayA. TharAvanA kAryakrama mujaba terasIe videzI mAlano bahiSkAra karavA, dharakhama Avaka Apato videzI mAlanI dalAlIno dhaMdho baMdha karIne rASTrabhaktinuM utkRSTa udAharaNa rajU karyuM. bIjA vepArIo iMgleMDanA mAlane badale japAnano mAla maMgAvavA lAgyA. paraMtu terasI bhArata sivAya anya koI dezano mAla vecavA taiyAra nahotA, je temanI utkRSTa rASTrabhakti darzAve che. terasIno vepAra cAlu hato te daramiyAna dhaMdhAnA eka sodAnI carcAmAM eka videzI vepArIe temanI samakSa baDAza mArI ke "tame jANo cho mArA nAmano artha siMha thAya che?" lakSmIdAse te ja kSaNe javAba Apyo ke, "tamArA nAmano artha eka siMha thAya che, paNa mArA nAmano artha to 'tera siMha' (thirteen lions) thAya che." ema kahIne pathika ke naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaDakhaDATa hasI paDyA. Ama teo videzIonI zehamAM taNAI jAya evA nahotA. terasI haMmezAM anyAyano virodha karatA ane kAmadAronI tarapheNa karatA. jI.AI.pI relave (greTa inDiyana penisyulara relave), dha TAimsa opha inDiyA tathA TrAmanA majUronA prazno UbhA thayA tyAre lakSmIdAsane lavAda nImavAmAM AvyA. temaNe baMne pakSone saMtoSa thAya e rItanuM samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM hatuM. esa.e.DAMge tathA ema.ena.roya jevA DAberI kAmadAra netAo paNa temanAmAM vizvAsa mUkIne temanI salAha sUcanA svIkAratA hatA. terasI muMbaInI nagarapAlikAnA sabhya tarIke I.sa. 1923mAM cUMTAI AvyA. tyAM paNa temaNe svadezInA vicArono amala karyo. temanA sUcanano svIkAra karIne myunisipala vImA phALAnI yojanA amalamAM mUkavAmAM AvI. temaNe nagarapAlikAnI samitimAM briTiza mAlano bahiSkAra karavAno prastAva maMjUra karAvyo. iMgleMDanAM vartamAna patro tathA rAjakIya netAoe tenI gaMbhIratAthI noMdha lIdhI ane tenAM pariNAmo aMge carcAonuM Ayojana karyuM. jUna 1937 sudhI muMbaI nagarapAlikAnI sthAyI samiti, imyuvamenTa TrasTa tathA dha bombe porTa TrasTanI samitinA teo sabhya hatA. porTa TrasTanA sabhya tarIke temaNe iTAliyana athavA jApAnIjha simenTa vAparavAne badale bhAratIya simenTa vAparavAno Agraha karIne svadezInI vadhu eka vAra himAyata karI. ' I.sa. 1928mAM muMbaImAM komI tophAno thayAM tyAre temaNe ramakhANono bhoga bananAra loko mATe rAhatakAryo zarU karAvI tenI vyavasthA para dekharekha rAkhI ane hiMdu saMrakSaka maMDaLa sthApIne aneka lokone judA judA prakAranI sahAya karI. lahamIdAsa inDiyana maracanTsa cembaranA mahattvanA AgevAna hatA. temaNe A saMsthAnI pragatimAM agatyano phALo ApIne tenI pratiSThA vadhArI hatI. tethI A saMsthAnA pratinidhi tarIke temane lejisleTiva kAunsilanA sabhya tarIke cUMTavAmAM AvyA hatA. myunisipala korporezana, lejisleTiva kAunsila ke prAMtika keMgresa samitinI sabhAomAM potAne je sAcuM lAge te jaNAvI devAno temano svabhAva hato. tethI temanA pravacano vadhAre mahattvanAM gaNavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. eka vAra kAunsilanA nANAM khAtAMnA maMtrIe terasInuM pravacana sAMbhaLavA mATe potAno anya kAryakrama rada karyo hato, lakSmIdAsa muMbaI prAMtika keMgresa samitinA sthApaka, sabhya ane tenA koSAdhyakSa hatA. teo tenI badhI mITiMgamAM hAjarI ApatA hatA. muMbaI myunisipala korporezananA agraNI tathA vagadAra sabhyanA nAte korporezana dvArA gAMdhIjInuM sammAna karAvavAmAM temaNe saphaLatA meLavI hatI. paraMtu samaya jatAM keMgrese gAMdhIjInA kAryakramo apanAvIne amalamAM mUkyA tathA terasI (surendranAtha benarajInI mAphaka) gAMdhIjInA vicAro tathA kAryakrama svIkArI zakyA nahi tyAre koMgresa choDIne navI peDhI mATe jagA karI ApavAnuM temaNe yogya mAnyuM. terasIe muMbaImAM 1926mAM kaccha prajAkIya pariSadanI sthApanA karI ane teo tenA maMtrI banyA. A pariSada khAsa karIne kacchamAM tenAM adhivezano bharatI. 28 thI 30 Disembara, 1930 nA roja mAMDavI mukAme bharavAmAM Avela adhivezananA teo pramukha hatA. pesanjarsa TrAphika rIlipha esosiezananI sthApanAmAM paNa temaNe mukhya bhAga bhajavyo hato. oNla inDiyA rAjasthAna prajApariSadanI kAryavAhaka samitinA teo sabhya hatA ane temAM AjIvana sevAo ApI hatI. vidhavA punarlagna karavAnA teo himAyatI hatA ane te mATe strIone protsAhita karatA hatA. vidhavA punarlagna karanArane pAMcaso rUpiyAnuM pAritoSika ApavAnI temaNe zarUAta karI ane te mATe alaga phALo ekaTho karyo hato. vidyArthIone vadhu abhyAsa mATe Arthika madada karavA mATenA sonAvAlA TrasTanA teo mahattvanA TrasTI hatA. A pravRttimAM temane eTalo badho rasa hato ke A TrasTanI eka sabhA temanI maraNapathArI pAse maLI hatI. pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2003 * 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobau. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lakSmIdAsa muMbaImAM keneDI sIphesa upara AvelA pI.je. hindu jimakhAnAnA eka agraNI hatA. A saMsthAne temaNe ApelI sevAo temanI jAhera sevAonI mahAna siddhi hatI. krikeTa sTeDiyamamAM hindu jimakhAnA mATe temaNe keTalIka beThako anAmata rakhAvI ane te mATe temaNe laData ApavI paDI hatI. jimakhAnAnI jamIna kabaje levAno sarakArano hukama temaNe rada karAvyo hato. A jimakhAnAmAM svImiMga bAtha bAMdhavA mATe temaNe rUpiyA pacAsa hajArano phALo ugharAvI Apyo hato. terasInuM jIvana zuddha ane nItimAna hatuM. teo daMbha ane kurivAjonA virodhI, samAja-sudhAraka, svAtaMtryasenAnI ane spaSTa vaktA hatA. muMbaInA jAhera jIvanamAM temanuM sthAna advitIya hatuM. sAmAjika ane rAjakIya anyAya sAme jhUjhavAnI teo potAnI pharaja samajatA hatA. rAjakAraNamAM teo mavALavAdI hovAthI gAMdhIjInA netRtva heThaLa kAma karatI keMgresanA caLavaLanA kAryakramo teo svIkArI zakyA nahi. tethI trIsInA dAyakAmAM jAhera jIvanamAM temanuM sthAna gauNa banI gayuM. 30 mI oNgasTa, 1939nA roja temanuM avasAna thayuM. saMdarbhasUci 1. svAmI AnaMda, kuLa kathAo 2. kacchanA svAtaMtrya senAnI lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI', "navanIta-samarpaNa', sapTembara, 1985 3. prabuddha jIvana', gujarAtI pakhavADika, 15 sapTembara, 1939 4. azoka harSa, "lakhamIdAsa ravajI terasI', "kumAra" mAsika, okTobara, 1939 5. dha TAimsa opha inDiyA, 31 oNgasTa, 1939 6 , janmabhUmi, gujarAtI dainika, 31 oNgasTa, 1939 pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 200pa * 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratanI AjhAdInI caLavaLamAM harijana sudhAraNA pravRttinA preraka ane 1942nI caLavaLanA svAtaMtrya-senAnI zrI nAgaradAsa zrImALInuM pradAna prA.ema. je. paramAra* gAMdhIvAdI vicAradhArAnA prakhara himAyatI sAmAjika utthAna mATenA pAyAnA kAryakara zrI nAgaradAsanA vicAro evA hatA ke - zikSaNathI ja Arthika pragati, sAmAjika parivartana Ave che, tethI vyakti ane samAjamAM parivartana lAvavA mATe zikSaNa e mahattvanuM sAdhana che. gujarAtanA cuMvALa paragaNA vIramagAma tAlukA chaniyAra gAmanA garIba garo brAhmaNa jAtimAM temano janma thayo hato. teoe 1942nA hiMda choDo AMdolanamAM sakriya rUpathI pATaDI, bajANA vistAramAM prabhAtapherI, carcA-sabhA, bhIMtapatro dvArA gAmaDAMonA azikSita lokone mATe aMgrejo virUddha kAmagIrI hAtha dharI hatI, temanA guru sva. zrI bhavasukharAya khAroDanA netRtva taLe temanI janmabhUmi ane temanI jAti mATe harijanasevAnAM zrI gaNeza karyA hatA. harijana sevA samAjanA teo sakriya kAryakara hatA. bhAratanA AjhAdInA itihAsamAM 1942nI laData mukhya ane mahattvanI che. AjhAdI mATenA rASTrIya sevakoe AtmaniSTha sevakonuM daLa racyuM hatuM. AvA sevako dUra dUranAM gAmaDAMomAM Azramo bAMdhIne, chAtrAlayo kholIne rASTrIya racanAtmaka pravRttio dvArA lokone svarAja mATe taiyAra karatA hatA. 1922 pachI racanAtmaka kAryakramane vega ApavAmAM Avyo. AthI bhAratamAM 'akhila harijana sevaka saMgha' gujarAtamAM hirajana sevaka saMgha ane saurASTramAM harijana sevaka saMgha dvArA harijanonI sthiti sudhAravA kAme lAgyA. dezanI vyApaka sevAne mATe ane dezamAM svarAjya janmAvavAne mATe gAMdhIjIe banAvelo kAryakrama AgaLa dhapAvyo. gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryakramo 13 hatA. komI ekatA, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, madyapAna niSedha, khAdI, grAmaudyoga, grAma saphAI vagere hatA. rAjakIya pravRttiomAM svAdhInatA mATenA prayAsone teTaluM ja mahattva ApatA. gujarAtamAM aspRzyatA dUra karavA mATe prayAso thayA. temanA thakI saMniSTha sevakagaNa, sevAbhAvI saMsthAo UbhI thaI. hirajana yuvA peDhI gAMdhIjInA netRtva taLe taiyAra thaI. harijana sevaka saMsthA dvArA ghaNAM chAtrAlayo kholavAmAM AvyAM. temAMthI bhAratanI AjhAdInA saMgrAmamAM ghaNA evA svAtaMtrya senAnI che ke jemanAM nAmono ullekha sudhdhAM thayo nathI. ghaNA badhA satyAgrahIo mATenI sAdhanasAmagrI prApta thatI nathI. kAraNa ke teo pAyAnAM gAmaDAMnA nAnA kAryakaro hatA. temaNe grAmINa prajAne mAtRbhUminI svataMtratA mATe jAgRta karI. relIo, sabhA, saraghasa, pikeTiMga, prabhAtapherI jevI pAyAnI kAmagIrI teo karatA hatA. tethI ahIMyAM nAgaradAsa zrImALI paNa AvA ja pAyAnA kAryakara hatA. amadAvAda jillAmAM viramagAmanA cuMvALa paragaNA, mAMDala vistAra, naLakAMThA vistAra ke jemAM harijanonI saMkhyA vadhAre hatI, temanI sthiti apamAnajanaka ane zikSaNa nahivat hatuM tethI ja aspRzyatA nivAraNa, harijana sevA ane pU. bApUnA AzIrvAda sAthe viramagAmamAM bhavasukharAya khAroDe harijana uddhAranuM kAma upADyuM. I.sa. 1935mAM bharavADI daravAjA (viramagAma) pAse zrI naraharibhAI parIkhanA haste viramagAma harijana chAtrAlaya' UbhuM karyuM. temAM 1936-37mAM zrI nAgaradAse vidhArthI tarIke praveza lIdho. koMgresanI dareka pravRttiomAM chAtrAlayano phALo vizeSa raheto. dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara, parIkSitalAla chaganalAla joSI, phUlacaMdabhAI zAha jevA netAo chAtrAlayanI mulAkAta letA hatA. I.sa. 1922mAM nAgaradAsano janma chaniyAra gAmamAM thayo. prAthamika zikSaNa temanA gAmamAM lIdhuM. I.sa. 1939mAM varnAkyularanI phAInala parIkSA pAsa karI. temAM prathama naMbara AvavAthI zrI narahari parIkhe * itihAsa anusnAtaka bhavana, bhAvanagara yunivarsiTI, bhAvanagara (gujarAta) pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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'nAgaradAsanuM sammAna karyuM. I.sa. 1940 thI 1942 sudhI teoe pATaDI prAthamika zALAmAM zikSaka tarIke kAma karyuM. I.sa. 1939mAM viramagAmanA relve sTezana para gAMdhIjInAM darzana thayAM. zrI nAgaradAsa vidyArthI avasthAmAM hatA tyAre 1939mAM surata jillAnA haripurA mukAme kaeNoNMgresanA adhivezanamAM sevA karavA chAtrAlayanA vidyArthIo sAthe gayA hatA. tyAM amRtalAla Thakkara, baLavaMtarAya mahetA, saradAra, morArajI desAI, maulAnA vagerenI sevAno lAbha maLyo. tyArathI teoe AjIvana khAdI paheravAnuM, satya bolavAnuM vrata lIdhuM, Aje paNa teno amala kare che. 1942nI laData vakhatanI kAmagIrI : aMgrejone hAMkI kADhavA mahAsabhA ane gAMdhIjIe 8mI oNgasTa 1942mAM chello paDakAra pheMkyo. bIjA divase gAMdhIjI sahita anya netAonI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI. AthI dareka nAnA kAryakartA mAthe moTI javAbadArI AvI. dezanA khUNe khUNe laData phelAI ane lokalaDatanAM maMDANa thayAM. nAgaradAsa pATaDImAM zikSaka hatA tyAM harijanavAsamAM nAnAM bALakone roja prArthanA karAvatA, prabhAtapherI kADhatA, jemAM thALIo vagADIne lokone jAgRta karatA, prabhAtapherI, rAtrizALA, ramatagamata, svacchatAnI pravRtti karatI. sabhAo bharI briTizanI nIti sAme lokone jAgRta karatA, patra-patrikAo vaheMcatA, hAthe lakhelAM bhIMtapatro vahelA UThIne makAnonI dIvAlamAM coTAMDatAM, 17mI oNgasTanA divasathI teo sakriya rIte rASTrIya laDatamAM joDAyA. nokarImAMthI rAjInAmuM ApyuM. pATaDInA eka vRddha upara polIsoe lAThImAra karyo, tethI vRddha maraNa pAmyo. AthI polIsa viruddha lokone teno sAmano karavA arthe tA. 11mI sapTembaranA divase pATaDImAM jAherasabhA darabAra cokamAM rAkhI, tyAre A sabhAne saMbodhatA hatA tyAre pATaDInA phojadAre temanI dharapakaDa karI. tA. 18mI sapTembara pATaDI polIsa sTezananA lokaapamAM rAkhyA. te pachI temane viramagAma mAmalatadAra samakSa upasthita karyA. temane traNa mahinAnI sajA ane rU. 50 daMDa phaTakAryo. jo daMDa na bhare to vadhu be mahinAnI sajA karI. temane sAbaramatI jelamAM lAvavAmAM AvyA. sAbaramatI jelamAM teoe pAMca mahinA jelavAsa bhogavyo, temano naMbara 7942 hato. temane choTe cakkaramAM rAkhyA hatA. jelavAsa daramyAna temanA guru bhavasukharAya, vAsudeva bhaTTa, ravizaMkara mahArAja, babalabhAI mahetA, dAdA sAheba mAvalaMkara, jugatarAma dave, zrI rAvajIbhAI paTela, mohanabhAI kAmezvara paMDyA temanA sahaabhyAsI harijana motIlAla vAghelA, dIpAbhAI zrImALI ane jagadIzabhAI paramAra jelamAM maLyA hatA. jelamAM reMTiyo sAthe hato, gItA adhyayana, zrI nAgaradAsa bhAIe jelamAM beThAM beThAM gItonI paMktionI racanA karI. roto......roto..re Avyo A dezamAM, Azaro Apyo...jANIne kaMgAla vilAyatanA gorA, AvAre tane ame nahato jANyo...ho...vilAyatanA gorA. zrI nAgaradAsane tA. 24-4-1943nA roja jelamAMthI mukta karyA. temanA jIvanaghaDataramAM A pAMca mahinA have pAMca dAyakAthI vadhu tarpaNa karyuM hatuM. harijana sudhAraNA pravRttio : zrImALI pachAta jJAtimAM janmelA hovAthI pachAtono utkarSa temanuM mukhya dhyeya 'harijanonI sthiti sudhAravA pAyAnA kAmanI javAbadArI saMbhALI. harijanomAM zikSaNano vikAsa thAya te mATe jarUrI chAtrAlaya hatuM, tethI temaNe chAtrAlaya pravRttino vikAsa karyo. harijana vidyArthInI muzkelI dUra karI, parIkSitalAla majumadAranA vicAro pramANe harijano zikSaNa laI saMskArI, svaccha ane Arthika rIte pagabhara bane tevA prayatna karyA. pitAjInA avasAna pachI gharanI javAbadArI temanA mAthe AvI paDI. tethI nokarI chUTI gaI hovAthI teo amadAvAdamAM pathika * traimAsika ~ julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parIkSitalAlane maLyA. teoe harijana sevakasaMdha dvArA cAlatI aMtyaja zALAmAM nAnI devatI, tA. ANaMda gAme zikSakanI pharI nokarI zarU karI. 1944mAM amadAvAda AvyA. majUra mahAjana saMdha mAraphata cAlatA bAlamaMdiranI javAbadArI upADI lIdhI. eka varasanA amadAvAdanA rokANa daramyAna amadAvAdanI cAlIomAM rahetA hirajana 'vaNakara' kuTuMbomAM, bhaMgI kuTuMbomAM svacchatA, zikSaNa, vyasana mukti, svarojagArI, mIlamajUronA prazno hala karavAnI kAmagIrI karI hatI, cAlIomAM teoe rAtrizALAo paNa zarU karAvI hatI, te pachIthI sarakAre temane AgaLanI nokarIe breka sarvisa gaNIne pharIthI rAkhyA ane viramagAma brAnca zALA naM. 1 mAM pharI zikSakanI javAbadArI temaNe adA karI. 1945mAM teoe viramagAmamAM harijana chAtrAlaya UbhuM karyuM. tenuM nAma ThakkarabApA chAtrAlaya rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. 1948mAM hirajana sevakasaMghanA maMtrI zrI parIkSitabhAI, DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA, saurASTranA maMtrI zrI ucharaMgarAya Dhebara tathA baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI mulAkAta laI, harijanonA praznonI chaNAvaTa karI temanI pAyAnI muzkelIo, pANIno prazna, kAma karavAno prazna, AbhaDacheDano prazna vagere kAma karyAM. harijano mATe pIvAnA pANInA kUvA baMdhAvI ApavAnI sarakAra pAsethI bAMhedharI lIdhI; hirajana kheDUto mATe harijana kheDUta sahakArI maMDaLIo UbhI karI. I.sa. 1958 mAM vinobAbhAve bAvaLA padhAryA tyAre temanI mulAkAta lIdhI. zrI nAgaradAsa bhAIne I.sa. 1967mAM amadAvAda jillA zreSTha zikSakano eNvorDa prApta thayo. 1975mAM viramagAma tAlukAnA irijano mATe sarakArI paDatara jamIno maMjUra karAvI, khetI mATe kaDhAvI ApI. I.sa. 1980 mAM nokarImAMthI nivRtti maLatAM Thakkara bApA chAtrAlayamAM vinA vetane gRhapatinI javAbadArI saMbhALI. 1985mAM kanyA keLavaNI mATe temaNe kanyA chAtrAlaya UbhuM karyuM. harijanonA vahemo, aMdhazraddhA, nAtarAnA rivAjo, lagnanI vayamaryAdA, mAMsa na khAvuM, dArU nahIM pIvo, devadevIonI aMdhazraddhA dUra karavA paNa prayatna karyA. TUMkamAM nAgaradAsa AjIvana hirajana pravRttinA bhekhadhArI che. temane Aje bhArata sarakAra taraphathI penzana phAIla naMbara 6774 tA. 1-8-1980 thI rU. 1500/-nuM prApta thAya che. teo teno svIkAra kare che, paNa badhI rakama bhegI karI garIba, dInadukhiyAne dAnamAM Ape che. te paisAno potAnA jIvana mATe teo upayoga karatA nathI. tethI khAdInA vratadhArI, mitabhASI, zuddha zAkAhArI, sAcA buniyAdI zikSaNAcArya, bhAratIya saMskAra-saMskRtinA chaDIdhara ane harijanonA sAcA sevaka nAgaradAsa e zikSaNa saMskAra sevAno uttama namUno che. Aje teo viramagAmamAM ThakkarabApA chAtrAlayanI sevA kare che. gausevA, vRkSa, bAga-bagIcAnI dekharekha rAkhatA UbhelA kAma karatA najare paDe che. jo tame jovA jAva to..... saMdarbha graMtho 1. DaoN. jayakumAra zukla, 'betAlIsamAM gujarAta', amadAvAda, 1992 2. ratubhAI adANI, 'AjhAdInA AkharI saMgrAmamAM', rAjakoTa, 1988 3. 'gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryakramo', bAlu pArekha-zikSaNa sAhitya, aMka 2, varSa 3, navembara 1941mAMthI. 4. 'rUbarU mulAkAto', zrInAgaradAsa de. zrImALI, tA. 14-2-98 5. 'prathama varganA nivAsI mAmalatadAranI kaoNrTanA kesa naM. 911, 1942 no cukAdo', tA. 26-11-1942 6. 'smaraNikA : suvarNajayaMti mahotsava (1935-1989)', viramagAma 7. 'smaraNikA : kanyA chAtrAlaya', zrI parIkSitalAla majumadAra, viramagAma 1997 8. 'SaSTipUrti smRtigraMtha' - zrI nAgaradAsa devAbhAI zrImALI, viramagAma 1983 pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 39 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAgujarAtanuM AMdolana : eka vihaMgAvalokana kAzamIrA bhojaka bhAratIya svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA itihAsamAM rAjAzAhI rAjayanA vilInIkaraNa ane ekIkaraNanI ghaTanA, saradArazrInI kuneha, mAunTa beTananA saujanya ane vI.pI. menananI karmaThatAne AbhArI hatI, jenA phaLa svarUpe AjanA bhavya bhAratanI racanA zakya banI." A ekIkaraNa ane vilInIkaraNanI prakriyAmAM gujarAtanAM dezI rAjayonuM mahattvanuM yogadAna hatuM. I.sa. 1956 mAM jyAM sudhI muMbaI rAjayanI racanA na thaI, tyAM sudhI parasparamAM vilIna karAyelAM dezI rAjyo svataMtra ekama tarIke rahyAM. paraMtu ema kahI zakAya ke A samaya daramiyAna gujarAtI bhASI vistArone eka vahIvaTI taMtramAM mUkavA mATenI bhUmikA taiyAra thaI.1 A mujabanI bhASAvAra prAMta-racanAnI zakyatA tapAsavA 17 jUna, 1948 nA roja dhAra kamizananI racanA thaI. A kamizane khAsa karIne dakSiNanAM rAjayo aMge ja riporTa karavAno hato. tyArabAda jAnyuArI, 1949 mAM je.vI.pI. samitinI racanA thaI. A samitinA riporTamAM madrAsa zahera sivAyanA avibhAjita madrAsa rAjayanA telugu bhASI vistAronuM rAjaya racavAnI bhalAmaNa karavAmAM AvI. 19 Disembara, 1953 nA roja bhArata sarakAre rAjaya punarracanA paMcanI nimaNUkanI jAherAta karI. A paMce je bhalAmaNo karI temAM bRhada muMbaI rAjayanI bhalAmaNa hatI. chevaTe dvibhASI rAjaya racanAnAM cakro gatimAna thayAM. gujarAtanuM yuvAna lohI thIjI gayuM nahatuM. mahAgujarAtanI racanAnuM svapna roLAtuM joI sauprathama amadAvAdanA vidyArthIo gujarAta keMgresa samakSa javAba mAgavA UtarI paDyA. gAMdhIjInA ahiMsaka gujarAtamAM nirdoSa vighArthIone javAbamAM goLIbAra maLyo. A banAva AThamI oNgasTa 1pa6 nA roja amadAvAda nA koMgresa bhavananA prAMgaNamAM banyo hato, jeNe mahAgujarAta AMdolana mATe agnine havA ApavAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. A goLIbAramAM te samaye cAra nirdoSa yuvAno zahIda thayA hatA. goLIbArane kAraNe copAsa hAhAkAra thaI gayo hato. gAMdhIjIe ApelI zista ane ahiMsAnI tAlImanAM darzana mahAgujarAta AMdolanamAM janatAe 'janatA karyu'mAM karAvyAM je amadAvAdamAM morArajIbhAInI sabhAnA divase pALavAmAM Avyo hato. mahAgujarAtanI laDatane vyavasthita mArgadarzana ApavA mATe sapTembara, 1956nA roja indulAla yAjJikanA pramukha pade "janatA pariSada'nI racanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. tA. 2-10-56 nA roja vaDApradhAna zrI javAharalAla nahera amadAvAdanI mulAkAte amadAvAda AvavAnA hatA tyAre janatA pariSade samAMtara sabhA yojI hatI jemAM moTI saMkhyAmAM loko hAjara rahyA hatA.' 8mI oNgasTa, 1956 nA roja goLIbAramAM je cAra yuvAno-punamacaMda, kauzika, sureza, abdulabhAI zahIda thayA hatA temanAM smAraka racavAnI koziza janatA pariSade karI. sarakAre te aTakAvatAM amadAvAda ane anya sthaLoe tophAno phATI nIkaLyAM. zahIdonI zahIdInA kAraNe ugra baneluM mahAgujarAta AMdolana lAMbuM cAlyuM, paraMtu lAMbA samaye te dhImuM paDyuM hatuM, paraMtu smAraka satyAgrahe tenAmAM tejI ANI. mahAgujarAta AMdolana khAsa karIne uttara gujarAta, madhya gujarAta, dakSiNa gujarAta, saurASTra vagere sthaLoe prasaryuM hatuM. jo ke dakSiNa gujarAtamAM teno vyApa pramANamAM ocho hato. dvibhASI rAjaya racanAnA prayAso cAlatA hatA paraMtu gujarAtane jema gujarAta rAjya joItuM hatuM tema * 7, harihara sosA. kaDI, ji. mahesANA pathika ke vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 ke 40 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahArASTrane muMbaI sahItanA mahArASTranI racanAnI icchA hatI. AthI gujarAta ane mahArASTra vacce bhAvAtmaka ekatA sadhAI na hatI. koMgresanA AgevAno samajI gayA hatA ke A dvibhASI rAjaya lAMbuM TakavAnuM nathI. A saMjogomAM tA. 27-8-59 nA roja muMbaInA mukhya pradhAna yazavaMtarAva cavANe jaNAvyuM ke dvibhASI rAjayanuM vibhAjana karavA temaNe pote koMgresa movaDI maMDaLane saMmati ApI che. jo ke, mahArASTra ane gujarAta alaga thAya te samaye vibhAjananA keTalAka prazno UbhA thayA hatA je vATAghATo dvArA ukelavAmAM AvyA hatA aMte mahAgujarAtanA mALakhA vize vicAravAmAM AvyuM. gujarAtanA bhAvi mukhya pradhAna tarIke DaoN. jIvarAja mahetAnI varaNI thaI. muMbaIthI 20 ucca adhikArIonI TukaDI amadAvAda AvI ane sUcita sacivAlaya, dhArAsabhAgRha ane korTa mATe zAhIbAga temaja kempa vistAramAM kalekaTara ane anya sarakArI adhikArIonA baMgalAmAM rAkhavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. navI dilhImAM morArajIbhAI desAIe tA. 24-2-60 nA roja jAhera karyuM ke gujarAta rAjayanuM uddaghATana 1 lI me, 1960 nA roja thaze, aMte A divase ravizaMkara mahArAjanA haste gujarAta rAjayanI sthApanA thaI. | gujarAtamAM svAtaMtryanAM traNa mukhya AMdolano thayAM- 1956mAM mahAgujarAta, 1974mAM navanirmANa 1985mAM anAmata. A traNa mukhya AMdolanamAM mahAgujarAtanuM AMdolana anokhuM hatuM. e AMdolana jaya jaya garavI gujarAtanA narmadanA svapnamAMthI deha pAmatuM hatuM. gujarAta to 1956 pahelAM paNa hatuM paNa gujarAtanI saghaLI prajA eka rAjayamAM na hatI. A AMdolana saravALe thoDAM varSa pachI phalita thayuM kAraNa ke gujarAtanAM traNa bIlIpatrogujarAta saurASTra ane kacchanAM traNa patro-gujarAta rUpI DAMkhaLImAM bhaLyAM. triveNI saMgamanI traNe saritAnAM nIra gujarAtamAM bhaLyAM. pAdaTIpa 1. jamInadAra raseza, "svAdhInatA saMgrAmamAM gujarAta', pR. 94 2. rAjagora, zivaprasAda, 'arvAcIna gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, prakA, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa baoNrDa, amadAvAda, pR. 279 3. bhaTTa, brahmakumAra, 'le ke raheMge mahAgujarAta', prakA. dazaratha gAMdhI, amadAvAda, pR. 3-4 4. peTalIkara, Izvara, mahAgujarAtanA nIra', kSIra, pR. 79 5. bhaTTa, brahmakumAra, 'le ke raheMge mahAgujarAta', prakA. dazaratha gAMdhI, amadAvAda, pR. 54-57 6. ejana, pR. 79-80 7. parIkha, rAmalAla (saMpAdaka), 'gujarAta eka paricaya', prakA. ThAkorabhAI desAI, pR. 6dara 8. bhaTTa, brahmakumAra, "le ke raheMge mahAgujarAta', prakA. dazaratha gAMdhI, amadAvAda, pR. 199 9. parIkha, rAmalAla (saMpAdaka), 'gujarAta eka paricaya', prakA. ThAkorabhAI desAI, pR. da63 10. bhaTTa, brahmakumAra, 'le ke raheMge mahAgujarAta', pra. dazaratha gAMdhI, amadAvAda, pR. 202-203 pathika ja vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 41 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaDavA pATIdAra sudhAraka jorAvarasiMhajI DaoN. harSadakumAra ema. brahmabhaTTa* 19mI sadIno itihAsa eTale ke samAja sudhAraNAno itihAsa kahI zakAya. jyAre briTiza sAmrAjyanA prAraMbhathI bhAratamAM aMgrejI keLavaNInI zarUAta thatAM bhAratamAM navo keLavAyelo varga astitvamAM Avyo, jene kAraNe bhAratanI sAmAjika paraMparAone jaDamUDathI ukheDI nAkhavAnI zarUAta thaI. I.sa. 1818 mAM aMgrejonA sAmrAjyanI zarUAtane kAraNe relve, tAra-TapAla, chApakhAnAM jevAM bhautika upakaraNo dvArA binasAMpradAyitA ane udAramatavAdano udaya thayo hato. AthI 19mI sadImAM aMgrejI keLavaNIthI prabhAvita thayelA buddhijIvI varge sAmAjika aniSTo dUra karavA mATenA prayAso zarU karyA. temaNe samAjane jAgRta karavA mATe lokone samaja ApI ke nItimattAnI dRSTie je khoTuM che te sAmAjika ane dhArmika kadI sAcuM hoI zake nahIM. temaNe samajAvyuM ke samAjanA saLagatA praznono ukela dharmazAstro ke jJAtipaMtho dvArA nahIM, paNa tarkayukta vicAra dvArA ja AvI zake. aMgrejonI mAnavatAvAdI vicArasaraNInI asara aneka jJAtio u52 thaI hatI ane jJAtiomAM samAja-sudhAraNAnAM AMdolano thayAM. temAM kaDavA pATIdAra jJAti samAja-sudhAraNAnI asarathI mukta rahI zakI nathI. A jJAtimAM samAjasudhAraNAno jo koIne yaza maLe to te pATaDInA rAjavI jorAvarasiMhajI kuberasiMhajInA phALe jAya che. jorAvarasiMhajInA pUrvajonI vikAsa gAthA : pATaDInA rAjavI kaNabI jJAtinA pATIdAra hatA. teonA pUrvajAnI vikAsagAthA khUba lAMbI che. mULa temanA pUrvajo prAcIna samayamAM paMthamAMthI nIkaLIne kuzAvatI AvIne vasyA hatA ane kuzAvatI magadha prAMtamAM keTalAMka varSo sudhI potAnuM parAkrama batAvyuM. tyArabAda temanAmAM dalabhedajI thaI gayA, jemaNe mAghAvatImAM jAgIra prApta karI tyAM potAnuM sAmrAjya sthApyuM. temAM keTalAka vIra puruSo thayA paNa te parAkramI puruSomAM keTalAka grIka, huNa ane zaka sAthe avAra navAra laDyA hatA. A ja arasAmAM temanAmAM vrajapAlajI thaI gayA. temane maMheta dezanA rAjA caMdrasena sAthe laDAI thaI. temAM parAjita thatAM temaNe tyAMthI umApura eTale ke AjanA UMjhAmAM AvIne potAnuM rAjaya sthApyuM ane I.sa. 746mAM vanarAja cAvaDAe potAnI svataMtra sattA jamAvatAM teoe UMjhA choDI IDara najIka kAvara nAme gAma vasAvI rAjaya sthApyuM. tyAM paNa potAnAM parAkramo batAvI teo IDaramAM jaIne vasyA. temAM aneka puruSo anukrame thaI gayA. chellA puruSa ajamalajIne IDaranA rAjAnA dIvAna sAthe khaTapaTa thatAM teo tyAMthI cAMpAnera AvIne vasyA ane cAMpAnera rAjyanA vistAramAM temaNe mahattvanI bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. temAM eka pachI eka parAkramI puruSo thayA ane svataMtra jAgIra sthApI ane cAMpAnera rAjyanI saradArInuM kAma karyuM. teoe cAMpAnerane AkramaNakhorothI bacAvyuM ane surakSita rAkhyuM. temAM aneka vIra puruSo thayA, jemAM chellA puruSa vairIsiMhajI hatA. temanA hAthamAM saradArI hatI. te samaye cAMpAnera rAjaya upara amadAvAdanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDo savArI karI caDI Avyo tyAre maraNiyA banI laDyA paNa mahamUda begaDAe parAkramathI nahIM paNa kapaTathI cAMpAnerano killo chevaTe prApta karyo. eNe kaNabI saradAra vairIsiMhajI ne kedI tarIke rAkhyo. Aja arasAmAM mahaMmada begaDAnI patnI viramagAmanA viramadevanI kedamAM hatI tene choDAvI lAvavAnuM sAhasa bharyuM kAma vairIsiMhajIe pUruM paDyuM. tethI begamanI icchA anusAra vairIsiMhajIne tyArabAda viramagAmanI jAgIra bakSiza tarIke maLI ane vairIsiMhajIe viramagAmamAM potAnuM rAjya sthApyuM. Ama viramagAma AvyuM. pachI kAThiyAvADa ane viramagAmanI AjubAjunA pradezamAM mulakI udharAvatA *esa. ela. yu. ArTsa kaoNleja eNnDa kaoNmarsa kaoNleja phaoNra vimensa, amadAvAda pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 42 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatA. temanAmAM veNIdAsanA samayamAM gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanatano aMta Avyo ane gujarAta para mudhalonuM sAmrAjaya sthapAyuM hatuM. I.sa. 1617mAM mughala zahenazAha jahAMgIre veNIdAsane kAThiyAvADanI khaMDaNI vasUla karavA mATe sADA sAta TakAnuM vetana bAMdhI ApIne desAIzrIno hoddo Apyo hato. AthI A kaNabI pATIdAro desAI tarIke oLakhAyA. Ama, viramagAmamAM teo desAIgIrI karatA ane dhaMdhukA, rANapura ane AsapAsanA mulakamAMthI Tola tathA rAhadArI jakAta levAnI sattA temanI pAse hatI. A, viramagAmanA desAIomAM eka pachI eka parAkramI puruSo thayA jemanA samayamAM viramagAmanI AbAdI vadhatI gaI. A arasAmAM mughalonA sAmrAjya sAme marAThAo laDyA ane chevaTe mudhala sAmrAjyanuM patana thatAM gujarAta para marAThI sAmrAjyanuM zAsana AvyuM. tenI sAthe desAIo paNa avAra navAra saMgharSamAM AvatA. chevaTe A saurASTra ane gujarAtanA bArAno pradeza viramagAma marAThA saradAra raMgojIe prApta karavA I.sa. 1741mAM viramagAmanA desAI bhAvasiMhajI sAme yuddha karIne viramagAmano pradeza prApta karyo ane saMdhi paNa karI, jemAM pATaDInuM paragaNuM ane 20 gAmo tathA khArAghoDAnA mIThAnA agaranI Avaka desAIzrIne maLe. e kolakarArane AdhAre bhAvasiMhajIe viramagAmathI pATaDImAM jaIne potAnI rAjagAdI sthApI hatI. pATaDImAM AvIne temaNe rAjyane samRddha karavA mATe prayatno karyA. temanA vaMzajomAM tyArapachI nAthusiMhajI, vakhatasiMhajI, harIsiMhajI ane kuberasiMhajI jevA parAkramI rAjavIo thaI gayA. temanA samayamAM gAyakavADI tathA aMgreja sarakAra sAme yuddho temaja saMdhio dvArA pATaDInI rAjagAdI desAIoe TakAvI rAkhI hatI. A samaye marAThI sAmrAjyano asta thayo ane aMgrejI zAsana samagra hiMdustAnamAM phelAI gayuM hatuM. A aMgrejI zAsananI nIti ane rItiono gujarAtanA aneka rAjavIo tathA prajA upara prabhAva hato ane temAMya aMgrejI keLavaNIthI prabhAvita ane samAjanI sudhArAvAdI pravRttiomAM raMgAI gayA hatA. AvA ja samAja sudhAraNAnI tarapha dorI jatA pATaDInA rAjavI jorAvarasiMhajI paNa eka hatA. pATaDInA rAjavI jorAvarasiMhajI bhakti parAyaNa, keLavaNI priya ane samAja sevAne varelA rAjavI hatA. temanA rAjya amalamAM AbAdImAM ghaNo vadhAro thayo hato. A samayamAM pATaDI "pATaDI sonAnI hATaDI" tarIke oLakhAtI hatI. temanA rAjyane Arthika rIte samRddha banAvavA pATaDInI jAgIramAM jorAvarapurA, desAIpurA ane hiMmatapurA jevAM gAmo vasAvyAM hatAM. jorAvarasiMhajInI sudhAraka pravRttinI zarUAta : pATaDInA rAjavI jorAvarasiMhajI vIra narmadanA samakAlIna hoI te samayanAM samAja sudhArAnAM AMdolanonI asaro temanA mAnasapaTa para vizeSa jovA maLe che. paraMtu A uparAMta IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInA kAraNe aMgreja aphasaroe bhAratanA sAmAjika kurivAjo nAbUda karavA mATe prayatno karyA. temAM temaNe sAmAjika samAja sudhArakono sAtha laIne A prakAranA kudhArA nAbUda karyA. jemAM dUdha pItInA cAla vize sane 1839mAM juDIziyala kamiznara sivila saravanTa me. haMTa sAhebane jANavA maLyuM ke bALakIonI hatyA thAya che. te aTakAvavAnA pagalA rUpe temaNe amadAvAdanA kalekaTara me. kosaMTane tapAsa karavAnuM kahyuM. me. kosaMTe te samayanA mejisTeTa me. ThAkarasI pujAbhAInI nimaNUka karIne A tapAsano ripaoNrTa ApavAnuM kahyuM. tene AdhAre kanyA vikraya tathA lagna prasaMge thatA kharca tathA dUdha pItInA cAla vize temaNe tapAsa karIne samagra amadAvAdanI AsapAsanA harakoI bhAganAM gAmo tathA amadAvAda zaheranA potAnA AgevAnonI jubAnI laI ripaoNrTa temaNe kalekaTara kosaMTa sAhebane mokalyo hato. paraMtu te ripaoNrTane AdhAre kharI je dUdha pItIno cAla tathA lagna prasaMge thatA kharcAo je kabUlyA hatA te pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kharekhara satya na hatA, kAraNa ke te samayanA amadAvAdanA revanyu kamiznara misTara benke e jaNAvyuM hatuM ke A je mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che asatya che. paNa ahIMnA loko A aMgenI mAhitI ApatAM Dare che. kAraNa ke temane kriminala kesa thavAnI bIka che. A uparAMta 1839 mAM kheDA jillAnI vastI gaNatarI samaye puruSo karatAM strIonI saMkhyA ochI hatI AthI jANavA maLyuM ke haju paNa pATIdAra komamAM srI-hatyAnuM pramANa jovA maLe che. AthI aMgreja sarakAre te prathAne nAbUda karavA kAyadAno sahAro lIdho hato. A pahelAM 1829 mAM satIprathA nAbUdI, 1850 mAM gulAmI nAbUdI, 1856mAM vidhavA punaHlagnano kAyado temaja Arthika mUMjhavaNo vadhatAM lagnanA khUba kharcAo paNa kurivAja banyA hatA. tene aTakAvavA pATIdAra jJAtinAM tamAma jUtho ekaThAM karavAno prayatna kheDA jillAnA mAjI kalekaTara me. zepharDa sAheba tathA pATaDI darabArazrI jorAvarasiMhajI tathA rA.ba. becaradAse karyo hato. samAja-sudhArA pariSadanuM Ayojana A samaye pATaDInA darabArazrI jorAvarasiMhajInI jJAtimAM TheraThera goLa baMdhAI gayA hatA. vara-vikraya ane kanyA-vikraya vadhI paDyA hatA. Arthika sthiti ghaNI kharAba hovA chatAM dIkarInAM mA-bApane lagna-prasaMge gajA uparAMtanA kariyAvara sAmAjika dabANa heThaLa karavA paDatA. dIkarA-dIkarI vacce mA-bApanuM valaNa bhedabhAva bharyuM rahetuM. lagnanA kharcane kAraNe dIkarI bhAra rUpa gaNAtI hatI. dIkarIno janma thatAM ja loko "patharo janmyo" evuM kahetA thaI gayA hatA. dIkarIne "dUdha pItI" karI devAnA ghAtakI banAvo paNa gujarAtanA pATIdAromAM banavA lAgyA hatA. kulInatAne kAraNe sAmAjika asamAnatA UbhI thaI hatI. Ama cArebAjuthI jJAtimAM bhayaMkara avyavasthita sthiti ane sAmAjika paristhiti ane khAsa karIne dIkarIo pratyenA samAjanA anyAyI valaNathI pATaDI darabArazrI desAI jorAvarasiMhajInuM dila hacamacI UThayuM hatuM. potAnA kaDavA pATIdAra samAjane A duHkhada paristhitimAMthI ugArI levAno samAjadharma samajI I.sa. 1869 phebruArImAM potAnI rAjadhAnI pATaDImAM eka virATa samAja-sudhArA pariSadanuM jorAvarasiMhajIe Ayojana karyuM hatuM. A pariSadamAM dezabharamAMthI jJAtinA 40,000 jeTalA pratinidhioe umaLakAbhera bhAga lIdho hato. desAIzrIe A sudhArA pariSada mATe rUA. 50,000 jeTaluM kharca te samaye karyuM hatuM. A pariSadamAM vara-pakSa taraphathI levAtA cAMllA (paraThaNa) para maryAdA mUkavAno, dIkarIne apAtA kariyAvaramAM maryAdA mUkavAno, dIkarIo pratye nyAyI ane samAna vartAva rAkhavAno, kanyA vikraya, vara vikraya ane goLa-prathA nAbUda karavAno, jJAtimAMthI UMca-nIcanA bhedabhAva dUra karavAno, lagnanA kharcA, rItarivAjo, baMdha karavAno vagere TharAvo thayA hatA, je 1 lI phebruArI, 1869 e be copaDIo rUpe chapAyA hatA, jemAM ekamAM nAmadAra darabAra sAhebanuM bhASaNa ane amadAvAda taraphanI jJAtie karelA TharAva ane bIjImAM kAThiyAvADamAM kaDavA pATIdAroe jJAti samakakSa karelA TharAvo chapAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. ahIM nIce tenI mULa bhASAmAM rajU karavAmAM AvyA che. kaDavA kaNabInI jJAtimAM dIkarIonA saraMkSaNa sAru niyamamAM bhASaNa hame pATaDI darabAra zrI jorAvarasiMhajI kuberasiMhajI sarave ApaNI moTA jJAtinA bhAIonI AganA mAgI nAta samasta pratye bhASaNa namanatAIthI kahie chIe. je ApaNI nAta rUpI gaMgA teDAvI tenAM darazana karavAno hamone ghaNA divasathI manoratha hato te parata karavA Ajaroja tamo sarave kirapA karI hamo ghera padhArI hamone darzana ApI pAvana karI tethI hamo pAvana thayA te saghaLAne vinaMtI karuM chuM je... pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 44 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1. Apane sarave bhAIo eka sarakhI padavInA chIe. nahAnA moTA koI nathI. tema chatAM UMcA-nIcA kahevAmAM Ave che. tethI dIkarIonuM samarakSaNa thatuM nathI. te bhAre kharAbI thavAnAM kAraNo mArI samaja pramANe huM jAhera karuM chuM. te vize sarave bhAIoe dhiyAna ApI thatI kharAbIne baMdha karavA ilAja karavo joIe. te UMcAnIcA paNuM kADhI nAkhI saravee ekasarakhI rIte varatavuM joIe. 2. paheluM e, je ApaNI nAtamAM goLa baMdhAI mAthA sATe mAthuM kaMnA devI-e ghaNuM adhaTita. che te cAla baMdha thaI, ApaNA vaDIlonI paramaparA(thI) cAlelA dhArA pramANe cAlavuM joIe. 3. ApaNI nAtamAM bIje ThekANe kaMnA vikare karI eTale kaMnAnA paisA le che evuM sAMbhaLavAmAM che e moTo adharama che. te cAla hAla kAhADI nAMkhavo joIe. 4. ApaNI nAtamAM vagara kAraNe kaMnA chAMDe che tethI ghaNAM mAThAM pariNAma nIpaje che. te cAla baMdha karavo joIe. 5. ApaNI nAtamAM nAtarA karavAno je cAla te pUravethI cAlato Avyo che. paraMtu hAlamAM ApaNA dharamazAstranI rItanuM ullaMdhana karI binaaparAdhe nAtarAM kare che. e kharAbInuM mULa che teno sudhAro thavo joIe. bAyaDI varasa 25 sudhI uMmaranI thayA chatAM tene pharajaMda na thatuM hoya kiMvA roga vagere kAraNathI gRhasthAzrama calAvavAne azakta thaI vagere pAkA kAraNa vinA tene chAMDI nAtaruM karavuM na joIe, ne kAraNasara karavuM paDe to te bAInA khorAka pozAka vagereno baMdobasta te jillAnI nAtinA mukhIya mANasanA anumata laI thavuM joIe. 6. ApaNI nAtamAM varano cAMllo keTaleeka ThekANe levAya che. te cAMllo ocho-vadhato levAthI nAtamAM UMcAnIcApaNuM ghaNuM thaI paDe che. te dUra karavAno ekasarakho vahIvaTa calAvA cAMllA ApavA-levAno eka nIma thavo joIe. 7. ApaNI nAtamAM vevAI-vevANane teDIne tenA sagAMvahAlAMne joI rUpaiyA ApavAno je cAla phelI gayo che temAM ghaNI tarehanA vAMdhA AvI kaMnAne sAsare vALavA-teDavAmAM naDatara thaI kharAbI thAya che teno nIma thavo joIe. 8. ApaNI nAtamAM sagAI karI rU. 1 tathA sopArI 7 Ape che. pache vagara kAraNe te sagAI toDe che. te na thavAno baMdhobasta thavo joIe, 9. ApaNI nAtamAM lagna kiMvA nAtaruM thAya te kaMnA tathA puruSa ApaNI svajJAtinAM che. evI ThekANe ThekANenA nAtanA mukhIya mANasanI vIradamAna khAtarI karI lIdhA vagara na thavuM joIe. 10. ApaNI nAtamAM phulane daDe paraNAvAne keTaleka ThekANe hAla vahIvaTa thaI paDyo che tathA bAI vara kare che ane kuMvArI kaMnA rAkhe e kharAba cAla baMdha thavo joIe. 11. ApaNI kuLadevI umiyA mAtA che te sarave loko potAnA kalyANane arthe tenI prArthanA karavAno eka divasa nakkI TharAvI te divase dara varase mAtAnI ujANI ThekANe ThekANe thavAne mukarara thavuM joIe tathA e devInA pUjA vagere kharacane sAru kAMI Upaja thaI e rasate kharaca thavAno baMdobasta thavo joIe. mArA vicAramAM dara varase mahAsuda 5 nA roja ujANI thAya tevA mAnoratha che ne te divase khetI vagerenAM kAma na thatAM baLadane dhoMsarI mUkavI nahIM - te bAbata vicAra thavo joIe. upara pramANe mArI vinaMtI upara sarave bhAIo dhiyAna Ape thI huM moTo upakAra mAnI leIza eja vinaMtI. pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaIDavA kaNabInA jJAtano vadhAro kaIDavA kaNabInA jJAtano bhAre samudAya chatAM kaMnAonI bhAre khoTa thaI paDI che. ane poza teraza ne 1848 nI sAlamAM amadAvAda jillAnA mAjisTreTa Ajama phAsara sAhebe dhArA bAMdhI sarakAranI maMjUrI sAthe tA. 7mI navembara sana 1850 nA roja jAheranAmA kahelA te pramANe koI cAlI nahI, tethI pATaDInA darabAra zrI jorAvarasiMhajI kuberasiMhajI e ApaNI jJAtino meLo saMvata 1925 nA mahA vada 5 ne ravaihanA roja kahI bhASaNa karavA uparathI sarave mANaso kabUla thaI nIce lakhelA pramANe sudhAro karavAnuM nakkI TharAvyuM che. 1. kalama pahelI-jJAtinA lokoe goLa bAMdhI potAnA ja goLamAM kanyAo levA-devAno vahIvaTa pADyo che te baMdhAyelA goLa Ajaroja toDI nAMkhyA che. mATe potapotAnI khuzI pramANe kaMnAo levI-devI temAM koI mANase harakata-ijA karavI agara karAvavI nahIM. 2. bIjI kalama-koI mANase mAthA mATe mAthuM eTale sAMTApeTA tathA tarakhelA karavA nahIM. tathA bAMyavara karavI nahIM tathA divasa 45 nI vayanI dIkarI kuMvArI rAkhavI nahIM. ane nIce lakhelA kAraNa sivAya koI kanAne phUlanI daDe paraNAvavI nahI. (1) koI dIkarI lUlI, laMgaDI, agara bIjI mukhIya harakata bharelA kAraNanI te dIkarIne paraNAvavAno ilAja cAle tema nahIM haze to ThekANA ThekANAnA mukhIya mANasonI rajA laIne dIkarInI lagnakIrIyA phUlane daDe karavAnI paravAnagI che. (2) koI dIkarI athavA dIkaro divasa 45nI aMdaranI uMmarano haze to tene paraNAvavo nahIM. eTale ApaNA zAstranI harakata dUra thaze. 3. trIjI kalama-koI mANase kaMnA vikare eTale kaMnA devA badala koI rUpiyA agara kImatI vastu levI nahI. 4. cothI kalama-koI paraNeta agara nAtarAnI oratane pAkA kAraNa sivAya tajavI nahIM tathA chAMDavI nahIM temaja phAragatI ApI bIje ThekANe besavA javAnI paravAMgI nahI paNa devuM TharAvyuM che ke nIce lakhelA kAraNathI bIjI koIne karavI paDe to te prathama strIne pAna kapaDAM vize te strI svadharamathI varate tAM lagaNa te strInA khAviMde baMdobasta karI Apavo eTale kriminala prosIjara bAba 21 nI harakata dUra thaze. (1) koI strI varasa paccIzanI uMmaranI thaI gayA chatAM kAMI pharajana nahIM thatuM haze to te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAnagI che. (2) koI strI lUlI, laMgaDI, AMdhaLI vagere harakata bharelA kAraNavALI haze to ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIyA mANasonI anumatathI paccIsa varasanA aMdaramAM paNa te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAnagI che. ane vidhavA strIne nAtaruM karavAnI chUTa che. (3) trIjI kalama - koI mANase kaMnAvikraya eTale nA devA badala kAMI rUpiyA agara kImatI vastu levI nahIM, (4) cothI kalama - koI paraNeta agara nAtarAnI oratane pAkA kAraNa sivAya tajavI nahI athavA chAMDavI nahIM temaja phAgaratI ApI bIje ThekANe ThAma besavA javAnI paravAnagI nahI paNa devuM TharAvyuM che ke nIce lakhelA kAraNathI bIjA koInI karavI paDe to te prathama strIne pAna-kapaDAM vize te strI svadharamathI varate tAM lagaNa te strInA khAviMde baMdobasta karI Apavo eTale kriminala prosIjara bAbarA nI harakata dUra thaze. pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 200pa * 46 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) koI strI varasa 25 nI uMmaranI thaI gayA chatA koI pharajana nahIM thatuM haze to te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAnagI che. (2) koI strI lUlI, laMgaDI, AMdhaLI vagere harakata bharelA kAraNavALI haze to ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya mANasonI anumatathI paccIsa varasanA aMdaramAM paNa te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAnagI che ane vidhavA strIne nAtaruM karavAnI chUTa che. (3) trIjI kalama koI mANase kaMnAvikaTa eTale kaMnA devA badala kAMI rUpiyA agara kImatI vastu levI nahI. (4)cothI kalama koI paraNita agara nAtarAnI oratane pAkA kAraNa sivAya tajavI nahI athavA chAvaNI nahI temaja phAgaratI ApI bIjA ThekANe ThAma javA nI paravAnagI nahI paNa hevuM TharAvyuM che ke nIce lakhelA kAraNathI bIjA koInI karavI paDe to te prathamanI strIne dhAna kapaDA viSe te strI svadharamathI vatertA lagna te strInA khAvI de baMdobasta karI Apavo eTale kriminala prosIjara bAbaranI harakata dUra thaze. 1. koI strI varasa ra5 nI uMmaranI thaI gayA chatA kAMI pharajaNa nahI thatuM haze to te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAnagI che. 2. koI strI lUlI, laMgaDI, AMdhaLI vagere harakata bharelA kAraNavALI haze to te ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya mANasonI anumatathI varasanA aMdaramAM paNa te strInA khAviMdane bIjI strI karavAnI paravAganI che strIne nAtaruM karavAnI chUTa che. (5) pAMcamI kalama - koI mANase sacaDI eTale strIno khAviMda hayAta chatAM te strIne bIjo puruSa strI dAve rAkhavI nahI ke jethI karIne pinala koDanA bAba 20 nI harakata dUra thaze. (6) chaThThI kalama - lagna kiMvA nAtaruM karatI veLA vara athavA vahu ApaNI svajJAtinAM che tevI saMpUrNa khAtarI karavI. kema ke tethI karI pinala koDanI harakata dUra thatAM zAstranI maryAdA barAbara raheze. (7) sAtamI kalama - sagAI karIne cAMllo karatI veLAe 1 rUA. tathA sopArI (7) keMnA taraphathI vara tarapha ApavAM. te karatAM jAsatI ApavuM agara levuM nahI. ane nIce lakhelA kAraNa sivAya thayelI sagAI toDavI paNa nahIM. 1. sagAI thayelI dIkarI athavA dIkaro lUlu, laMgaDuM athavA AMdhaLuM thAya to ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya mANasa rajA Ape to sagAI toDavAne harakata nathI. (8) AThamI kalama - koI puruSa roga athavA bIjA kAraNathI gRhastha dharama calAvavAne azakta haze to te puraSe tathA tenI strIe ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya mANasonA anamata pramANe vartavuM. (9) navamI kalama - jJAtimAM varano cAMllo vagereno nIma sane 1848 nI sAlamAM TharI che te AdhAre eka TharAva karavAmAM Ave che ke jethI karIne UMca ane nIcapaNAnI zaMkA dUra thaze. 1. lagnano cAMllo rUA.1 (eka) thI rU. 199 (ekaso navANuM) sudhI kenA taraphathI vara tarapha ApavA ane te mujaba vara tarapha levA. temAM takarAra karavI nahIM ne sagAI thayA pachIthI te lagana thatAM sudhI kenAnAM sAsu sasarA vagerene mATalI vagere hareka bAbatanA rUpiyA ApavA paDe te cAMllAnI TharelI rakama paikInA jANavA. te sivAya jAsatI levuM alaga devuM nahIM. (2) lagana thatI vakhate varaghoDAmAM nALiyera vagere je ThekANe apAtuM haze te ThekANe rUA. 1 (eka) thI rU. 10 (dasa) kaMnA taraphathI vara tarapha ApavA paNa evuM TharAvyuM che ke je ThekANe te cAla nathI te ThekANe kAMI ApavuM pathika ke naimAsika -- julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nahI, agara rUA. 10 (dasanI) aMdara game teTalI ochI rakama je ThekANe apAtI haze te ThekANe te ja pramANe ApavI. paNa ochI rakama vALAne haka rU. 10 (dasa) sudhIno A kamalathI samajavo nahIM. (3) lagananuM mosALuM karavAno je ThekANe cAla hoya te ThekANe rUA. 1 (eka) thI rUA. 10 (dasa) mosALuM karavuM. te uparAMta rakamanuM mosALuM mAgavAno koIne haka nathI, paNa je ThekANe uparanI rakama aMdara game teTalI ochI rakamanuM mosALuM karavAno cAla haze te cAla pramANe karavuM. vaLI je ThekANe bilakula mosALuM karavAno cAla nathI to te ThekANe A kalamathI mosALuM karavAno cAla thayo ema samajavuM nahIM. (4) lagana thatI vakhate cheDo pakaDAmaNIno rUA. 1 (eka) thI rUA. 10 (dasa) sudhI kenA taraphathI vara tarapha ApavA. paNa te uparAMta vadhAre rakama levAno varano haka nathI. paNa evo TharAva che ke ThekANe uparanI rakamanI aMdara game teTalI ochI rakama levAno cAla haze te ThekANe cAla pramANe varatavuM ane je ThekANe bilakula cAla nathI te ThekANe A kalamathI TharAva thayo ema samajavuM nahIM. ane vara taraphathI kenA tarapha oDhaNI ApavAno je ThekANe cAla che te ThekANe jeTalI rakama A kalama mujaba vara tarapha lIdhelI haze teTalI ja rakama kenA taraphathI ApavI. (5) mahI mATalAnA kaMnAnA bApe varavALAne dara seMkaDe karelA AMkaDAnA rUA. 5 (pAMca) pramANe ApavA. (6) pUratanA karI varavALAne vidAyagIrInA kaMnAnA bApa rUA. 1 (eka) thI 5 (pAMca) sudhI Ape. (7) page paraNAnA rUA. 1 (eka) thI rUA. 7 (sAta) sudhI kenA taraphathI vara tarapha ApavA. paNa je ThekANe te haka levAno cAla nathI te ThekANe ApavA nahIM. vaLI upara kahelI rakamanI aMdara game teTalI ochI rakama levAno je ThekANe cAla haze te ThekANe te cAla pramANe rakama levI. (8) sImaMta thayA pachI kenAne bALaka avatare pachI jhILAyeDA ANe rUpiyA 1 (eka) thI rUA. 11 (agyAra) sudhInI rakama lUgaDAM maLI vidAya kare. te bAbata jAsatI mAMgavAno varavALAne haka nathI. (9) koI strIne sAsare vaLAvyA pachI te strI maraNa pAme to tenA bApa taraphathI thayeluM ghareNuM tathA lUgaDAM te strIne koI pharajaMda na hoya to te strInA bApane ApavAM. (10) dasamI kalama - ApaNI nAtamAM ThekANe ThekANe mukhIya paTeliyA nAtabhAIoe TharAvI tenA nAmanI IyAdi desAIzrI pAse mokalavI ke te maMjUra karaze ane jayAre koI paTelanuM nAma pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra paDe tyAre paNa desAInI maMjUrI laI karavuM. (11) agiyAramI kalama - A TharAvathI je mANaso UlaTI rIte cAlaze te dareka mANasane varasa pAMcanI mudata sudhI nAta bahAra mUkavA tathA paMcanI najaramAM Ave te gunegAro levA athavA e bemAMthI game te TharAva karavAne ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya paTeliyA mukhatiyAra che. paNa te upara berAjI thaI darabArazrIne jAhera karethI TharAvamAM kAma jAte karavAne tathA pheraphAra karavAne tathA rada karavAne pATaDI darabArazrIne adhikAra che. ane AvI bAbatamAM je rakama leNI thAya te vasUla karavA sAru ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya paTeliyA tathA pATaDI darabArazrIno sarakAramAM phariyAda karI agara hareka rIte vasUla karavAno haka che. (12) bAramI kalama - agiyAramI kalamamAM batAvela rakama vasUla thayelI te rakamanA cothA hissAnA rUpiyA kuLadevI mAtA umiyAjInA maMdiramAM dharamAdA vageremAM vAparavA pATaDI darabArazrI tarapha mokalavA ane bApanA rUpiyA ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIyA paTeliyAoe nAtanA sudhArAmAM vAparavA paNa teno barAbara hisAba rAkhavo. (13) teramI kalama - A TharAva pramANe ThekANe ThekANenA mukhIya paTeliyAoe karelA TharAva upara takarAra agara bIjA hareka kAraNathI pATaDI darabArazrI pheMsalo karaze te Akharano samajI e upara koInI takarAra cAlaze nahIM. pathika ja vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 ke 48 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(14) codamI kalama - A nAtanA sudhArAnA kAmamAM A TharAva sarakAramAM noMdhAvI je madada levAnI jarUra hoya te pATaDI darabArazrIe laI saMpUrNa baMdobasta kare tathA have pachI nAtanA sudhArA je je bAbata vAjabI ane jarUra jaNAya te bAbata vadhAravAne tathA ochI karAvane pATaDI darabArazrIne svataMtra paravAnagI ApI che ane pATaDI darabArazrI je pramANe karaze te amo kabUla karI temanA moTA AbhAra mAnIzuM. (15) paMdaramI kalama - mahAvada 5 vAra varephanA roja nAtinA bhAIonI mulAkAta pATaDI darabAra zrIe lIdhe te jJAtinA tamAma bhAIoe nAtanA sudhArAnI icchA batAvI DhAMpanA kAgaLo upara sahI sAthe dastAveja karI ApI che. mATe te divase mAtAjI umiyAnI ujANI jJAtinA tamAma mANasoe karI khuzImAM rahevuM ane khetI vagere dhaMdhA-rojagAranuM kAma baMdha rAkhI IzvaranuM bhajana karavuM. (16) solI kalama A bAbatamAM nAtanA sarave bhAIoe sTopanA kAgaLa upara dastAveja karI Apelo che tenI nakala sarave lokomAM jANa thavA sAru chapAvI paragaTa karavAmAM AvI che. (17) sattaramI kalama - UMjhAmAM mAtA umiyAjInuM maMdira bAMdhavA mAMDeluM adhUruM che. te pUruM thavA sAru ApaNA bhAIoe madada ApavAnuM dhyAnamAM levuM joIe. tene sAru ApaNI nAtanAM lagana Tharaze te vakhateM ghaTato vicAra thaze. mi. je umiyA mAtAjI. desAIzrI jorAvarasiMhajI kuberasiMhajI svasthA, jille pATaDI joga, lakhataMga amo nIce sahI karanArA pATaDI, vaNoda, dazADA, bajANA, lakhatara, dhrAMgadhrA, vaDhavANa, lIMbaDI, morabI, kAThiyAvADa, mULI, tathA vAMkAnera vagere paragaNAM tathA gAmonA kaIDavA kaNabInI nAta jADI pacheDInA paTeliyA vagere nAta samastanA jata amoe amArI rAjIkhuzI tathA akala haziyArIthI A dastAveja lakhI ApIe chIe. (1) kalama pahelI - ApaNI nAtamAM koI kalame nAtaruM karIne agala lagana karIne bAIDI lAvI hoya to te kaMnA potAnI nAtanI che evI pakkI rIte khAtarI karIne lAvavI ane khAtarI vagara lAve to te kaMnA bIjI nAtanI mAlUma paDe to tene nAta bahAra mUkavo ane tenI koI kalama madada kare to tene paNa nAta bahAra mUkavo; paNa evuM TheravyuM che je pATaDI darabAra zrInI najaramAM Ave to najarANA vagerenA rUpiyA laI nAtamAM TharAva darabArazrI kare to jaba tene nAtamAM levo. (2) kalama bIjI - ApaNI kaIDavA kaNabInI jJAtamAM koI zakhasa nAtaruM karavA mAge to nAtaruM karanAra zakhase rUA. 1 thI rU. 300 sudhI oratanA bApa tarapha ApavA, e sivAya jAsatI rUpiyA yA kImatI vastu ApavI nahIM. tema oratanA bApa vageree upara TharAvelA AMkaDA sivAya kAMI rakama athavA vastu levI nahIM. A mujaba cAlavAmAM koI kasUra kare to tene varasa 5 sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze ne te pachI rUA. pa00 nAtane najarANAnA Apaze to tene nAtamAM levAmAM Avaze. (3) kalama trIjI - ApaNI nAtamAM paraNetara kaMnAnI sagAI bAbata kaMnA vikare eTale sagAI karavA saMbaMdhI varavALA taraphathI kAMI rUpiyA agara kImatI vastu levI nahIM. agara ApavI nahIM e pramANe karavAmAM koI kasUra karaze to tene re varasa sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze ne pachI rUA. 20) nAtamAM najarANAnA ApethI tene | nAtamAM levAmAM Avaze. (4) kalama cothI - ApaNI nAtamAM koI nAnuM sagapaNa thayA pachI te kaMnA agara vara rogathI lUlA, pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 ke 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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laMgaDA vagere thaI paDe to tene nikAla karavA pAMca paTeliyAnA vidamAna nikAla karavo ne te paTeliyA je pramANe TharAva kare te mujaba cAlavuM. te bAbatamAM zakhasa kasUra karaze to mANasane 250 nAtamAM najarANAnA ApatA sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (5) kalama pAMcamI - hamo kaIDavA kaNabInI nAtamAM AjanI tArIkha avala koI mANase kaMnA agara varane sAru sATAM-paTAM karAM haze ne te bAbatanA dastAveja lakhelA haze to te mujaba levA-devA. paNa lakhA sivAyanAM haze to te levA-devA nahIM. te have pachI koIe sATAM-peTA karavA-karAvavAM nahIM ne e kAmamAM koI madada paNa karavI nahI. e paramANe cAlavAmAM koI mANasa kasUra kare to tene nAta najarANAnA 2, 200 ApatA sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (6) kalama chaThThI - jANe ApaNI nAtamAM kenAne paraNatI veLA athavA sagAI karatI veLA rUpAnI hAMsaDI tathA kallA tathA sAMkaLInA rU. 8nuM ghareNuM vahune karavuM. ethI vadhAre ghareNuM karavuM nahIM. ethI UlaTo cAlaze tene nAtanA mukhI TharAve teTalI rakama nAtane najarANuM ApatA sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (7) kalama sAtamI - ApaNI nAtamAM A TharAva thayAM avala paraNetAnI je kenAne kAMbIo tathA sAMkaLAM tathA polAriyAM e ghareNuM kareluM che te vara tarapha soMpI devuM. e pramANe cAlavAmAM je mANasa ALasAI yA kasUra karaze to tene traNa mahinA sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. tyAra pachI rU. 50 nAtane najarANAnA Ape tyAre nAtamAM levAmAM Avaze. (8) kalama AThamI - ApaNI nAtamAM koI oratanAM lagna thAya te vakhate athavA te pahelAM kenAne ghAgharo tathA kApaDuM tathA sUtara, cUMdaDI pAkA raMganI - e rIte traNa lUgaDAM varavALA taraphathI nAvALAne ApavAM, agara tenA avejamAM rUA. rU. 10 varavALo Ape. eTale e rIte cAlavAmAM koI kasUra kare to te mANasane nAtane rUA. pa0 najarANAnA ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (9) kalama navamI - ApaNI nAtamAM vahu dUkhAvAnI vakhate, eTale pahelA ANAnA vakhate rUA. 16 sAllAnA tathA rUA. 4 goranA tathA rUA. 1 jhavATano tathA rUA. 1 cUMdaDIno. e rIte rUA. 22 varavALA kenAne Ape. te sivAya kAMI rUpiyA yA kImatI vastu levI nahIM. e pramANe cAlavAmAM je kasUra karaze tene rUA. pa0 nAtamAM najarANAnA ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (10) kalama dasamI - ApaNI nAtamAM kenAnuM sagapaNa thatI vakhate vara taraphathI rUA. 1 rokaDo tathA sAkAra zera 21 nA kaMnAne ApavI. e sivAya jAstI ApavuM-levuM nahIM. A paramANe na cAle tene rUA. 100 nAtamAM najarANAM ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (11) kalama agiyAramI - ApaNI nAtamAM koIe savelI kaMnA (dhaNI hayAta hoya tevI) tathA devI nahI. e rIte cAlavAmAM je kasUra karaze tene dasa varasa sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. te vAra pachI rUA. 1000 nAtamAM najarANAnA ApethI nAtamAM levAmAM Avaze. (12) kalama bAramI - ApaNI nAtamAM vara agara vahunI hayAtImAM pharIthI lagna yA nAtaruM karavuM nahIM. paraMtu pharajaMda thatuM na hoya evA evA kAMI jarUranA kAraNathI pharI lagna athavA nAtaruM karavuM paDe to potAnI nAtanA mukhya mANasa rajA Ape to pharI lagna athavA nAtaruM karavuM. paNa parathamanI bAIDIne dhAna-kapaDAMno baMdobasta karI lIdhA vagara paragaNAnA paTeliyAoe bIjI bAIDI karavAnI rajA ApavI nahIM, temaja dhaNInI phAragatI lIdhA vagara bAIDIe sacUDI nAtare javuM nahI, ne koIe laI javI nahIM. e rIte karavAmAM je kasUra kare tene re varasa sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. ne tyAra pachI rUA. pa0 nAtane najarANuM ApethI nAtamAM levAmAM Avaze. (13) kalama teramI - ApaNI nAtamAMnA koI mANasane bahAravaTuM eTale koIkanuM jalela eTale nukasAna karavuM-karAvavuM nahIM. e rIte cAlavAmAM je mANasa kasUra karaze tene varasa sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. te pachI pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 ke 50 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rUA. 100 nAtane najarANuM ApethI nAtamAM te levAze. (14) kalama caudamI - ApaNI nAtamAM koI mANasa potAnA nAtIlA mANasa upara adAvarada rAkhI potAnA darabAra agara koI amaladArane najarANuM athavA sAkaranA rUpiyA ApavA karI dhara agara khetara vagere jamIna nAtavALAnI levI nahI. te darabAra agara amaladAra koI kaNabInI jAtanA mANasane gAmamAMthI kADhI mUke to mAsa 12 sudhI rAha joI pachI tenI sAMtanI jamIna levAne harakata nathI. paNa uparavaTa thaI levI nahI. e rIte cAlavAmAM je kasUra kare tene rUA. pa00 nAtane najarANuM ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (15) kalama paMdaramI - ApaNe kaDavA kaNabInI nAtamAM nAta bAbatanI haka koI takarAra hoya tenI phariyAda paragaNAnA nAtIlA paTelo pAse karAvIne teno nikAla na thAya to pATaDI AvI darabArazrI pAse karAvavI ane pATaDI darabAra je rItanA TharAva kare te kabUla karavuM. te bAbatamAM potAnA darabAra I A kA I amaladArane rUbarU phariyAda karavI nahIM. e ja rIte zakhasa na cAle to te mANase rUA. 1000 nAtamAM najarANA ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. (16) kalama solamI - ApaNe kaDavA kaNabInI nAtamAM A sudhArAnA TharAva paramANe vahIvaTa potapotAnA paragaNAnA paTeliyAoe calAvavo ne temanAthI kAMI nikAla nahI thaI zake agara tenA karelA TharAva upara bemAMthI eka tarapha takarAra paDe to pATaDI darabArane jahIra karI te darabArazrI je TharAva kare te pramANe cAlavuM. emAM je mANasa kasUra kare tene varasa 2 nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze tathA rUA. pa00 najarANuM nAtane Apaze tyAre nAtamAM leze. (17) kalama sattaramI - ApaNI nAtamAM have pachI A TharAvamAM sudhAro karI pheraphAra karavA tathA kamIjAstI. karavA tathA vakhate vakhate dharArata mujaba TharAva karavA pATaDI darabArazrI mukhatiyAra che. darabArazrInA TharAva pramANo je na cAle teNe darabArazrI TharAve teTalI rakama nAtane najarANuM ApavAnuM. te ApatAM sudhI nAta bahAra rahevuM paDaze. Ama uparokta pariSadamAM amadAvAdanA milamAlika rA.ba.becaradAsa lazkarIe paNa AgevAnI bharyo bhAga lIdho hato ane pAchaLathI te TharAvono amala karAvavAmAM mahattvanI bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. pATaDInA darabArazrI desAI jorAvarasiMhajI ane amadAvAdanA zeTha zrI lazkarI jevA be samakAlIna zrImaMta agresaroe samAjasudhAraNA AMdolananI AgevAnI lIdhI hatI, e hakIkata jANIne Aje pATIdAra jJAti garva le che. AvA garbhazrImaMtone samAjanA sAmAnya sthitinA mAnavIo pratye keTalI badhI lAgaNI hatI tenuM A umadA daSTAMta che. desAI, jorAvarasiMhajInA rAjakALamAM I.sa. 187ra mAM khArAghoDA-pATaDI thI muMbaI sudhInI saLaMga broDa geja relve zarU thaI hatI. tethI pATaDInAM vikAsa ane samRddhino vikAsa thayo hato. AthI pATaDInI AsapAsa bahucarAjI, hArIja, rAdhanapura, cANasmA, vaDhiyAra pradeza, jhAlAvADa tathA cuMvALanA pradeza mATe pATaDI eka vepArI mathaka banyuM hatuM. tene kAraNe "pATaDI sonAnI hATaDI" evI lokavAyakA zarU thaI hatI. pATaDInA desAI jorAvarasiMhajIe lokasevA mATe dAnano pravAha vahevaDAvyo hato. "vaiSNava jana to tene kahIe je pIDa parAI jANe re" e paMkti anusAra jorAvarasiMhajI sAcA arthamAM veSNava jana hatA. teo du:khI lokone ane vastranI ghaNI madada karatA temaja garIbane khoraDuM UbhuM karavAmAM Arthika sahAya karatA. temaNe pATaDImAM vaiSNava maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. temAM zrI dvArakAnAthajInI mUrti padharAvI hatI. temAM lagabhaga 50,000 rUA.no kharca thayo hato ane A maMdiranA nibhAva mATe dara varase rU. 2000 rAjaya taraphathI kharca bAMdhI Apyo hato. temanA AvA kAryamAM protsAhana ApavA temanA dharmapatnI sadbhAgI hatAM. jorAvarAsiMhajInAM dharmapatnI jamunAbAIe I.sa. 1859 mAM pATaDImAM kAzI vizvanAtha mahAdeva nAme eka dharmazALA bAMdhI hatI. AvA jJAtinA samAjasudhAraka pavitra, sAdA, IzvaraparAyaNa, pragatizIla ane koThAsUjhavALA rAjavI darabArazrI desAI jorAvarasiMhajI pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra prajAmAM potAnI pavitratA mATe prAtaHsmaraNIya rAjavI gaNAtA hatA. temanA jJAti pratyenA RNane Aje paNa pATIdAra prajA bhUlatI nathI. temanA AvA kAryane kAraNe pATIdAra jJAtimAM samAja-sudhAraNAnI caLavaLa ne vega maLyo temanA bAda temanA putro ane pautroe A pravRttine vegelI banAvI hatI. saMdarbha pustako 3. 4. 1. parIkha puruSottama lallubhAI, 'kaNabI kSatriya utpatti ane itihAsa', umA prakAzana, viramagAma, 1912 DaoN. paTela maMgubhAI Ara., 'rA.ba. becaradAsa aMbAIdAsa lazkarInuM jIvanavRttAMta', gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda, 2. 5. www.kobatirth.org 6. 7. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1988. desAI prabhAtakumAra ma., 'pATaDI darzana', pATaDI baMdhusamAja, amadAvAda, 1986. DaoN. brahmabhaTTa harSadakumAra ema., viramagAma-pATaDInA rAjavIonuM sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kSetre pradAna. saMzodhana mahAnibaMdha. (apragaTa) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. 4, Bombay Government Central Press, Bombay, 1889. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, 'makhavANAno itihAsa', bhAga 1 ane 2, mAMDala 1968 DaoN. maMgubhAI Ara paTelano lekha, 'sAmAjika pratiSThA Arthika parabaLono abhyAsa', graMtha 24, ''dhI jarnala oNpha gujarAta yuni.', oNgasTa 1981 11, darabArazrI kizanasiMhajInI mulAkAta. 12. darabArazrI kirNikasiMhajInI mulAkAta. 8. anAmI-pATaDI jJAtinA rIta-rivAjonuM ekIkaraNa. 9. darabArazrI jorAvarasiMhajI e chapAvelA - kaIDavA kaNabhI nAtamAM dIkarIonA samarthana sAru niyama- be pustako. 10. pATaDI saMsthAonA dastAvejo, pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 x 52 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vedamAM kavayitrIo prA. DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA 'ApaNI jANItI samagra vizvanI sabhyatAonuM eka sAmAnya lakSaNa e rahyuM che ke ApaNe jema prAcIna samayamAM jatAM rahIe chIe tema strIonA daro vadhune vadhu asaMtoSajanaka rahyo che. paraMtu hindu sabhyatA A bAbatamAM Azcaryajanaka apavAda che. ahIM aneka kSetromAM strIono darajjo vadhune vadhu saMtoSajanaka jaNAto rahyo che." Do. e.esa.allekarano A abhiprAya taddana yathArtha che; ema vedakAlIna bhAratamAM strInuM sarvottama sthAna jotAM, jaNAya che. svedanA maMtradraSTA, kavi ane RSio che; temAM maMtradarzinIo, kavayitrIo ane RSiono paNa samAveza che. temanI sUci A pramANe che :- (1) aditi (2) aditi dAkSAyaNI (3) agamya svasA (4) apAlA AtreyI (5) dakSiNA prAjApatyA (6) gaurivatiH zAkatyaH (7) ghoSA kAzIvatI (8) godhA (9) indramAtaraH devanAmayaH (10) indraranuSA vasukapatnI (11) indrANI (12) juhubrahmajAyA (13) lopAmudrA (14) naghaH (15) rAtri bhAradvAjI (16) romazA brahmavAdinI (17) zacI paulomI (18) saramA devazUnI (19) sarparAjJI (20) sarasvatI AMgIrasI (21) sikatA nivAvarI (22) zraddhA kAmAyanI (23) sUryA sAvitrI (24) urvazI (25) vApha AkhkhaNI (26) vizvavArA AtreyI (26) yamI vaivasvatI saMbhava che ke AmAMnAM keTalAMka "paurANika pAtro' mAtra haze; paraMtu AMtarika pramANo puravAra kare che ke bAkInAM nizcita paNe "rakta ane mAMsa sAthe dhabakatI' jIvaMta vyaktio che. jemake :- (1) apAlA AtreyI - Rgvada 891-92 (2) gaurivItiH zAtya - . pa/29 (3) ghoSA kAkSIvatI- 7, 1039, 1040, (4) godho- 10134 7 (5) lopAmudrA - 11791-2 (6) rAtri bhAradvAjI - mR. 10/127 (7) sikatA nivAvarI R 986/11-20,31-40 (8) sUryA sAvitrI - R 1085 (9) vApha AmRNI R 10/125 (10) vizvavArA AtreyI - 3 528 AmAMthI keTalAMkanI caritrAtmaka mAhitI vividha srotamAMthI prApta thaI zakI che. jemake (1) apAlA atrinI putrI hatI. adhyAtmavidyA dharAvatI hatI. paraMtu te kuSTarogathI grasta banI, tethI patithI tiraskRta banI. tene jANa thaI ke soma indranuM priya peya che. tethI sIma dvArA teNe indrane prasanna karyo. indra enI eSaNA paritRpta karI ane ene kuSTarogathI mukta karI. (ra) ghoSA kakSavAnanI putrI ane daghaTanI pautrI hatI. aniSTa rogane kAraNe eno deha kadarUpo thaI gayo. koI tene paraNavA taiyAra thatuM na hatuM. pitRgRhe teNe 60 varSa pasAra karI nAkhyA have teNe saubhAgya ane sauMdarya mATe azvina ne upAsanAthI prasanna karyA. teoe tenA dehane ciraMjIva, rogamukta ane suMdara banAvI dIdho. teoe tene pati ane suhasya nAme putra apAvyo. (3) gaurivIti zaktinI upAsanA karatI hatI. (4) vizvavArA atrinA parivAramAMthI hatI. (5) sUryA sUryanI putrI hatI. (6) rAtri, rAtrisamayanuM nirdhAraNa karatI devI hatI. indrANIe ekavAra tenI upAsanA karI hatI. niyAmaka, bho.je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, eca.ke. ArTsa koleja kaMpAunDa, amadAvAda 38OOG pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(7) vidarbhanAtha saMtAnaprApti mATe tapasyA karato hato. agatyae sRSTinA judA judA jIvonAM suMdara aMzo svIkArIne eka sauMdaryasaMpanna navajAta kanyA tene ApI. vidarbhanareze teno suyogya uchera karyo. tene lopAmudra nAma ApyuM hatuM. agatyane pUrvajonA zrAddhakalpa mATe paNa saMtAnaprApti arthe lagna karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAI teNe vidarbhanarezano A mATe saMparka karyo, prastAva mUkyo. rAjAne AnAkAnI hatI. paraMtu lopAmudrA jAte ja A prastAva svIkArIne agatya sAthe javA taiyAra thaI gaI. A kavayitrIonI keTalIka AkarSaka RcAo A pramANe che :(1) apAlA indrane prArthe che - asau ca yA na urvarA dimAM tanvaM mama / tho tAta chi: sava tA poza dhi . 8-12-6 // 'Apa amArI A je phaLadrupa bhUmi che, mAruM aMga che, ane pitAnuM mastiSka che; te badhuM AnaMdita karI (2) gaurivIti indranAM parAkrama varNave che - nava yadasya navati ca bhogAntsAkaM vajreNa madhavA vivRzcat / arcantI marutaH sadhasthe traiSTubhena varca sA bAdhata dyAm // 5-29-6 // 'mahAna indra zatrunA 99 nagarone kSaNamAM vajathI toDI pADyAM, ghu lokane pakaDIne) sthira karyo. (tyAre) marutoe saMgrAmamAM triSTabhuvALI RcAothI indranI stuti karI." (2) ghoSA azvinI pAse sarasa dAmpatyavicAra mUke che - jIvaM rudanti vi mayante adhvare dIrghAnu prasitiM dIthiyurnaraH / vAmaM pitRbhyo ya idaM saMmerire mayaH patibhyo janayaH pariSvaje // 10-80-10 // "je mANasa potAnI patnInI jIvanarakSA mATe raDe (evo) saMvedanazIla che, ene yajJAdi satkAryomAM joDe che, saMskAro sAthe saMtAna janmAvIne pitRyajJamAM joDe che e (mANasa) ne strIo sukha-sahayoga Ape che." (4) godhA svadharma varNave che - nakirdevA minImasi na kirA yopayAmasi mazrutya carAmasi / pakSebhirapikakSebhiratrAbhi saM raMbhAmahe // 10-138-7 // he devo, ame koI dharma vagaranAM ke maryAdA vagaranAM karmo karatAM nathI. ame koIne kazI hAni karatA nathI. hAthamAM havana sAmagrI laIne yajJAdi zreSTha karmo AcarIe chIe. (5) sikatA nivAvarI samastutimAM sarasa upamA Ape chepro ayAsIdindurindrasya niSkRtaM sakhA sakhyurna pra minAti saGgiram / marya iva yuvatibhiH samarSati somaH kalaze zatayAmnA pRthA / / 7-86-16 / / A soma indranA peTamAM pahoMcIne, mitrano jema, koI ja pIDA Apato nathI. yuvAna je rIte yuvatIo sAthe haLImaLIne rahe, tema soma pANInI sAthe maLIne; yaMtranA seMkaDo chidromAMthI bahAra nIkaLIne kaLazamAM praveze pathika ke vaimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 54 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(6) sUryA sAvitrI varavadhUne zubhecchA kahe che - i'haiva staM mA vi yauSTuM vizvamAyu'rvyaznutam / krIya'ntau putrairnaptR'bhi'rmoda'mAnA' sve gRhe // 10-85-82 // 'Apa baMne ahIM ja raho. kyAreya ekabIjAmAMthI aLagAM na thAva, saMpUrNa AyuSya vizeSa rUpe bhogavo. potAnA ja gharamAM putra-pautrAdi sAthe AnaMdakillola sAthe jIvana vItAvo.' (7) vAk AzrRNI potAnuM svarUpa pragaTa kare che - a'hame'va sva'yami'daM va'dAmi' juSTa' de'vebhi'ru'ta mAnu'SebhiH / ya' ka'maye' ta'ta'mu'graM kR'Nomi' taM bra'hmANaM tamRSi' taM su'me'dhAm // 10-125-5 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'devo manuSyo zraddhApUrvaka jenuM manana kare che tene huM pote ja e pramANe (pragaTa karuM chuM) boluM chuM. huM jenI jenI (kRpAdRSTithI) kAmanA karuM chuM tene tene baLazALI, stotA athavA zreSTha buddhizALI RSi banAvuM chuM. (8) vizvavArA AtreyI agninI stuti kare che - agne' zardho ma'ha'te saubha'gAya' tava' dyu'mnAnyu'tta'mAni' santu' / saM jA'spatya' su'yama'mA kR'SNusu'Sva zatrUya'tAma'bhi ti'SThA mahasi // 5-28-3 // 'he agni, (amArA) uttama saubhAgya mATe (Apa) zatrune harAvo. ApanuM teja uttama hajo. Apa dAmpatyane sukhI ane saMyamI banAvo. Apa zatrunA tejane dabAvI do.' maMtradarzinI ane kavayitrI evI A RSikAonAM uparyukta udAharaNo vaidika sAhityamAMnAM temanAM noMdhaprada pradAnanI pratIti karAve tevAM che. suzIla kumAra che e praziSTa saMskRta sAhityanI kavayitrIo mATe lakhyuM che,'koI vizeSa noMdha levI paDe tevuM emanuM pradAna nathI.' deno A abhiprAya nizcitapaNe vaidika sAhityanI kaviyatrIone lAgU pADI zakAya tema nathI. saMdarbhasAmagrI paM. sAtavanezvara 1. RgvedasaMhitA 2. Altekar (Dr.) A.S.Education in Ancient India. 3. Dapade E.V. - History of Education in Ancient - India 4. pathika * traimAsika De S.K. - A History of Sanskrit Literature. 5. Garg Ganga Ram-Encyclopcadia of Hindu world vol. 2 6 . Macdonell A.A. - Vedic Index, Vol. I, II 9. Margaret James Stutley-A Dictionary of Hinduism 8. Rahurkar V.G.-The Seers of the Bgveda 9. Roy Ashim Kumar-a Dictionary of Indology, Vol. 1o 10. Sanatani (Dr.) Lila-Status of Women In Vedic times. 11. Visva Bandhu - Indices to the Rgveda. - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 55 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir luNAvADAmAM audicyonuM Agamana DaoN. manISA upAdhyAya* luNAvADAmAM audicyonA Agamana saMbaMdhI saMpUrNa mAhitI maLatI nathI. paNa audicyono gujarAtamAM vasavATa thayA pachI, kSAtravaMzanA te pachInA rAjAonA traNaso varasanA rAjayakALamAM ApaNA pUrvajonuM varcasva ajoDa hatuM. paNa saMvata 13pa3 nA arasAmAM dilhIpati allAuddIna khilajInA lazkare gujarAta upara AkramaNa karyuM. pATaNa jevA samRddha rAjayane chinnabhinna karI siddhakSetramAM Avela "rudramALa"ne khaMDita karyo, ane hindu prajA upara dhamadha atyAcAra gujAryA. je kAraNe audicyonA kuLanAthoe surakSitatA khAtara sthaLAMtara karyuM. bAda 1411 mAM pATaNa ane khaMbhAtanA vinAzamAMthI (karNAvatI) amadAvAdanI sthApanA thaI. tema lagabhaga saM. 1526 nA arasAmAM ghaNAMkharAM kuTuMboe amadAvAda AvI vasavATa karyo. tyAMthI teo saMvata 1da00 ane 1700 nI vacce luNAvADA AvavA lAgyA te vakhate amadAvAdamAM rAjayakartA tarIke pezvA ane gAyakavADa hatA. temanA taraphathI jAgIro maLI ane vyavasthita TharI ThAma thayA. luNAvADAmAM Agamana : te saMbaMdhI mULa gaMgAdhara kAkA AvelA temanI trIjI peDhIe kAkA zrIdhara, sIdatta, harirAma, sadAziva ane meghajI te pAMca bhAIone mahArANA zrI vIrasiMhajIe saMvata 1736nA aSADha suda 13 nA roja kAkAnA bhesAvADA gAma AveluM teno lekha maLe che. te jotAM ApaNe trIsa varSanI peDhI gaNatAM traNa peDhI eTale 90 varSa bAda karIe to 1646 Ave eTale evuM anumAna thAya ke lagabhaga AjathI 380 varasa pahelAM sattaramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM gaMgAdhara kAkA luNAvADAmAM AvelA. teo mULa siddhapura pAse puSpAdarAnA vatanI hatA. tyAMthI atre kevI rIte AvelA te hakIkata maLatI nathI paNa anumAna thAya che ke upara jaNAvyA mujaba musalamAnonA trAsathI teoe potAnuM vatana choDeluM. tyAra pachI bIjA lekhamAM saMvata 1763nA aSADha vada 3 nA divase joSIbhAIone mahArANAzrI vIrasiMhajIe joSIonA muvADAnI jamIna ApelI eTale te bhAIo paNa sattaramA saikAnA aMta bhAgamAM AvelA hoya tema nakkI thAya che. saMvata 1780nI sAlamAM mahArANA zrI nArasiMhajI kAzI saMgha kADhI jAtrAe gayelA temanI sAthe dAnAdhyakSa tarIke devezvara dave hatA temanI trIjI peDhI gaNanAtha dave luNAvADAmAM AvelA. teo paNa sattaramAM saikAnA madhyabhAga pachI luNAvADAmAM AvelA gaNAya tevI ja rIte 1818 nA vaizAkha suda 3 mahArANA dIpakasiMhajInA vakhatano rAvaLa premAnaMda sadAnaMdanA nAmano lekha jotAM aDhAramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM amadAvAdathI sadAnaMda rAvaLa AvelA jaNAya che. tema vidyAdhara rAvaLanA putro rAvaLa kirapArAma ane dayArAma saMvata 1780mAM mahArANA zrI nArasiMhajI kAzIe gayelA temanI sAthe teo luNAvADAmAM AvelA, mULa vidyAdhara rAvaLa amadAvAdathI kAzI gayelA tyAM temanuM avasAna thatAM temanA vidhavA strIe potAnA banne putrone tyAM rahI bhaNAvelA te arasAmAM rastAmAM lUMTArAo ane phAMsIkhoronA bhayane lIdhe amadAvAda pAchA AvI zakelA nahi. jAnI maMgaLajI lavajI (lahajI) nA nAmano lekha saMvata 1818 nA vaizAkha vada 2 no che. te jotAM teo ekAda be peDhIthI luNAvADAmAM AvyA hoya tevuM anumAna thAya che. jAnI lahajI parasottama ane jAnI baLabhadra parasottama te baMne bhAIo thAya. * saMzodhana-sahAyaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pathika ja raimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 pa6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAnI maMgaLajIbhAInI dasamI peDhIe jeThArAma jAnI mULa kanoDanA vatanI teone cAra dIkarA temAM eka mahAzaMkara prAMtija gayA bIjA kaznArAma amadAvAda gayA. trIjA bhAnuzaMkara kAzI gayA ane cothAbhAI sukharAma ghaDA tA. IDara gayA tyAMthI thANA sAvalI thaI luNAvADA AvelA, thANA sAvalImAM DoDIA vaMzanA rajapUta rAjAo siMdhIAnA Azrita tarIke rAjaya karatA hatA. te siMdhIo sarakAranuM lazkarI thANuM hatuM. te moTuM zahera hatuM. te tenA avazeSo para jaNAya che. te mahI nadInA kinAre AveluM che. Aje nadI kinArAnA amuka bhAgone "jAnIno Aro" tarIke oLakhAya che. tyAMthI jAnI bhAIo luNAvADAmAM aDhAramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM AvelA, temanA kuTuMbIo Aje paNa ghaDAmAM che. rAmacaMdra dave (bhANejano sAtha) mULa teo kyAre AvyA te hakIkata maLatI nathI paNa teo AvyA tyAre pahelA luNAvADAnI uttare verI pAse maghavAsa jatAM sadukhAMnA muvADAmAM rahelA. tyAMthI pachI luNAvADA AvelA Aje paNa temanI kuLadevI sadukhAnA muvADAmAM che. ane temanA kuTuMbIjano lagna pachI tyAM darzana arthe jAya che. Ama 17mA saikAnI zarUAtathI audicya bhAIonuM luNAvADAmAM Agamana thayuM. zrI gaMgAdhara kAkA ane jogIbhAIo vagere mANaso 150 kuTuMbo AvelA, temAM 50 kuTuMbo luNAvADA taLamAM ane 1OO kuTuMbo AjubAjunAM 17 gAmomAM vaselAM te badhAM kuTuMbo 150 gharanAM kuTuMbo tarIke oLakhAtAM ane hAla paNa oLakhAya che. tevI ja rIte gaNanAtha dave ane temanA bolAvyAthI agara svataMtra rIte 300 kuTuMbo AvelA temAM 200 kuTuMbo luNAvADA taLamAM ne 100 kuTuMbo AjubAjunA gAmomAM vaselA te badhAM maLI 300 ghara thayelAM jethI te traNaso ghara (zahera-zemAra) tarIke oLakhAya. have A kuTuMbo jema AvatAM gayAM tema tenI vyavasthA aMge zahera traNaso gharanA mANasomAMthI zrI gaNanAtha davenA pautra zrI devezvara davee temane vyavasthita karavA ane potAnA ja aMgI bhUto che tema nakkI karavA "sAthanI" vyavasthA karI jemAM bebhAI ane eka kAkA hatA. kAkA bhudharA dave ane bhAI devezvara tathA mAhezvara te traNa nAmanI traNa sAtha. 1. bhudharA daveno, devezvara daveno ane khaDakIvALAno. (mAhezvara davenA makAne khaDakI hatI tethI) sAtha ane cothA potAnA bhANeja rAmacaMdrane sAtha ApI bhANejono cotho sAtha banAvyo Ama cAra sAthe banAvyA bAda je je bhAIo bahArathI AvatA gayA teono sAthamAM samAveza karyo. temAM jAnI bhAIoe koIpaNa sAthamAM samAvavA nA pADI. jethI temane judo sAtha : jAnIno sAtha nAma ApI banAvyo. Ama pAMca sAtha astitvamAM AvyA. (1) bhUdharadevano sAtha : temAM bAlAjI dave, rAmezvara davenuM kuTuMba, rAvaLa premAnaMda sadAnaMdanuM kuTuMba, rAvaLa maMgaLajI nAthajI tathA kuzaLarAma rAvaLa temaja pAchaLathI bheMsAvADAthI zuklabhAIo AvyA temane A sAthamAM samAvyA. A bhAIo bhudharA devanA sAtha tarIke oLakhAyA. (2) dave sI dave (devezvara dave)no sAtha : viSNurAma, gaMgArAma, raherAma ane judarAma e cAra bhAIonuM kuTuMba uparAMta kAzIthI Avela vidyAdhara rAvaLanuM kuTuMba, A bhAIo dave sI davenA sAtha tarIke oLakhAyA. (3) khaDakI vALAno sAtha : kAmezvara dave ane dalapatarAma davenuM kuTuMba durlabharAma jAnI ane nAthajI jAnI, baga sthaLanuM kuTuMba trivedI bhIkhAlAla kALIdAsanuM kuTuMba ane semAranA traNaso ghara paikInA je bhAIo gAmamAM AvelA temane samAvyA je khaDakIvALAno sAtha tarIke oLakhAyA. pathika # tramAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 57 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(4) bhANejono sAtha : indrajIta rAmacaMdra davenuM kuTuMba, mAMDalIo rAvaLa tathA trivedI madhusudananuM kuTuMba ja bhAIo bhANejonA sAtha tarIke oLakhAya. (5) jAnIno sAtha : jAnI bhAIonA kuTuMbo jAnInA sAtha tarIke oLakhAyA. Ama vyavasthA pUratA pAMca sAthe luNAvADAmAM audicyo pUratA karI temAM vasatAM 200 gharanAM kuTuMbonA temaja zemAramAMthI Avela bhAIone samAvyA. Ama kanyAo ApavA levAnA rivAja 150 ane traNaso darekamAM jene jayAM yogya lAge tyAM ApI zakatA. vadhu bhAge gAmaDAnI kanyAo gAmamAM AvavA lAgI tenA mukAbale javalle kanyAo gAmaDAmAM apAtI. jethI semAranA doDhaso ane traNaso gharanA mANasoe gAmamAM kanyAo ApavAnI baMdha karI. zaheranA doDhaso gharavALA bhAIo baso gharamAM kanyAo ApatA paNa baso gharanI kanyAo temanAmAM javalleja jatI jethI ja teoe baso gharamAM kanyA ApavAnI baMdha karI jo kadAca baso gharamAM kanyAo Ape to kanyA lenArane doDhaso gharamAM adhivAsa bAMdhavo paDe, ne te pramANe adhivAsa bAMdhavA taiyAra thAya tene ja kanyA ApatA. jamaNa bAbataH jJAtimAM jamaNa mATe kAMI pharajiyAta hatuM nahi je ne vahevAra hoya tene ja jamavAnuM rahetuM. doDhaso gharamAM jenI tyAM prasaMga Ave te potAnA doDhaso gharaneja jamADe ane baso gharamAM jene vahevAra hoya te ja temAM jatA koI mANasane vadhu kharca karavAnI icchA hoya ane te paMca bhegu karI gAmAtanI rajA le tyAre ja 200 gharanA badhA ja sAthe jame gAmAta karanAra doDhaso ghara sAthe rajA le to gAmanA badhA ja audicya bhAIo sAthe jamatA. gAmaDAnAM traNaso gharanA mANaso sAthe jamavAnuM corAsI, cuvAvaTa ane meLAvo temAM gAmanA mANaso corAsI karI zake. semAranuM cuvAvaTa karI zake, meLAvo baMne pakSanA karI zake. AnI rajA levI hoya tyAre dareka potAnI paMcanI rajA laI pachI banne paMcamAM teDu karAvI cAvaDIA mukAme badhA bhegA thAya ane tyAM gAmamAM besI rajAnuM nakkI thAya. cAvaDIAnA taLAvanI pALa upara sAmasAmI (zahera ane samAra) pakSavAra bese tyAM semAranA paMcanA paTela UbhA thaI je rajA lenAra hoya temanI pAse jJAna karavAnuM vacana le ane pachI teno hAtha pakaDI baMne pakSanA mANaso bInama karAre jJAtimAM jamavA Avaze tevuM vacana levAya tyAre ja jJAtinI rajA maLI gaNAya. 5OO ghara sAthenuM jamaNa jayAre koI bhAI 500 ghara karavA nakkI kare tyAre paMcanI rajA laI nakkI karela divase gAma tathA semAranA doDhaso traNaso gharanA AgevAna bhAIo "munarAyajI"nA maMdiramAM bhegA thAya ane rajA le. te rajA maLyA pachI ja 500 ghara karI zake. A 500 gharamAM samasta audicya jJAti janoDathI mAlavaNa sudhInI jame, "munirAyajI'mAM rajA lIdhA pachI zAmaNA zahera semAranuM paMca bheguM thAya ane rajA maLI gaNAya. corAsI ane suvAvaTanuM jamaNa eka divasanuM rahetuM. melAvo tathA 500 gharanuM jamaNa be divasanuM rahetuM. meLAvAnA divase sukhaDInA lADu vahecAtA ane vADA sinora agara je bahArathI AvatA temane vATa khorAka tarIke temaja jJAtimAM kharca karelI hoya tene ja lADu ApatA. maraNa pAchaLanI vidhi sthiti pramANe thatI kriyAmAM agiyArame vahevAramAM kUtaruM bArame saMpUrNa vahevAra jamADato. hAla bAramuM baMdha che. ghaNAkharA A aMgenuM bhojana paNa jamatA nathI. lagna prasaMgo : pahelA kanyAne lagna vakhate 20 thI 25 tolA sudhInA sonAnA dAgInA karI ApatA hatA temAM atizayokti hovAthI paMce 1984 nA kArataka suda 1 thI te aMge 551 no AMkaDo bAMdhyo ane rezamI lugaDAM vatI rUA. 31 ApavA TharAva karyo. zahera pUrato ja hato. pathika ka tramAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 58 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lagnamAM kanyA pakSano pitA jJAti karI varapakSanA AkhA vahevArane potAnA vahevAra sAthe jamADI potAnI dIkarIne vahevAra bAMdhI ApatA dIkarI potAnA pitAne vahevAre jamavA jaI zakatI.. sahakAranI bhAvanA : jyAM jJAta hoya tyAM khAMcaNuM daLaNuM samasta jJAti janomAM jemane vyavahAra hoya teo cokhA ane loTa daLI ApI jatA. mIThA pANInA beDA bharI lAvatA rasoI hAtho hAtha patAvI detA Ama "paMdara pIstALo zIro, dALane bhAta karanAra badhAno sneha ane sahakAra sAthe raheto. Aje sahakAranI bhAvanA adazya thaI gaI che. - semAra : (bhaTTabhAIo mULa jAnI mahArAjAdhirAja siddharAja jayasiMhanA vakhatamAM saM. 1154 nI sAlamAM pATaNamAM mALavAnA senApati ubaka paramArane satkAravA sabhA rAkhelI tenI vyavasthA zrI kAkA bhaTTajIne soMpI, sabhAmAM rAjAne prabhAva batAvavA 400 subhaTTonI hathIAro baMdhAvI rAjasabhAmAM lAvelA tyAM zrI muMjAla mahetAjInI salAhathI darekane ekeka gAma ApI bhaTa banAvelA. tyAMthI badhAM bhaTa kahevAyA (hathiyAro bAMdhatA thayA tyArathI bhaTa kahevAyA). kanoDAthI bhaTa bhAIo vADAsinora gayelA. tyAMthI caudamA saikAmAM kAzImAM maNI karNAkanA mahaMta zrI zivarAma cAvaDIA AvelA temanI sAthe teo tyAM mahaMtajIe koTa baMdhAvelo Aje tenAM khaMDero haju mojuda che. tyAMthI bhaTabhAIo vaselA muvADA, ukeDI denAvADa, AMkalavA vagere sthaLa gayelA. adhvaryu : bhImAbhANA adhvaryu 1780 mAM vADAsinorathI rAma paTelanA muvADA AvI vasavATa karelo ane jamIno rAkhelI te lekha uparathI maLI Ave che. te vakhate A gAma saMtarAmapuranI sarahadamAM hatuM. tenI sarahada kAla bajAramAM "kohIvAva" che. te mujaba bIjA adhvaryu bhAIo denAvADa sthaLe vaselA. kAkAo : mULa luNAvADAmAM AvelA ane temane kAkAnA bhesAvADAmAM saM. 1736mAM sva. vIrasiMha rAjAe temane ApeluM jethI tyAM rahevA gayelA tyAM malekapura vAMTA enjhA gayelA. camArIonA kAkAo : temane ghaMTI AvanA ThAkora lAvelA ane kAkAnA camAriyA gAma gora padamAM temane AveluM temanA saM. 1909 lekha parathI jaNAya che. ghaTIAva ThAkoranA vArasadAro hAla ghAmaNiyAmAM rahe che. khArolanA kAkAo : puSpAdarAthI amadAvAda thaI nadIsara AvelA tyAMthI AjIvikA mATe khArola ane tyAMthI khoDA AMbA, koThabApAllA vagere sthaLe vaselA. Ama dareka audicya bhAIo musalamAnonA trAsathI AjIvikALe bIjAonA bolAvavAthI agara saMbaMdhane arthe amadAvAda ane tyAMthI paMcamahAla luNAvADAmAM janoDathI mAlavaNa sudhInA bhAgamAM patharAyA te badhA pAMcaso ghara audicya brAhmaNa tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. kanyA ApelamAM munapura, raNAsara, nAMdoda, haLavada, vaDavAsA, vagere sthaLethI luNAvADAmAM kanyAo AvelI paNa vakhata jatA vADA baMdha thaI gayA. hAlamAM pAMcaso gharamAM temaja bahAra kanyA ApavA levAnuM cAlu thayuM che. ane te ekabIjAnA najIka saMsargamAM divase divase doDhaso traNasonA bheda bhUsAtA jAya che. kuLanA karanAM vara ane kanyAnI lAyakAta ja ekAMtI jAya che. zaherane semAra bhUlI utsAhapUrvaka kanyAnI Apa le cAlu thaI che. ane sau jJAtijano vizALa daSTi keLavatA thayA che. pathika ke naimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 59 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanuM gRhasuzobhana* adhvaryu nayanA ena. zRMgAra ane suzobhana e to mAnavagata svabhAva che. temAM paNa prAcIna ane paraMparAgata jIvanamAM to A eka AtmAbhivyakti ane surucine darzAvavAnuM akhUTa sAdhana rahyuM che. kacchamAM paNa kalAtmaka suzobhanonI prAgaitihAsika kALathI cAlI AvelI paraMparA che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kacchanI loka suzobhanakalAnI khAsiyata e che ke temAM sAdhano ane mAdhyamo jAti ane raktasamUhonI darekanI eka judI abhivyaktinI rIta che. A rIta eTalI joIne ja te kaI jAtinA lokonuM haze te oLakhI zakAya. rabArIonuM gRhasuzobhana mULa srI varganuM ja kArya che. jemAM temanI zRMgAra ane suzobhananI dhelachA atyaMta prabaLa jovA maLe che. je temanAM judAM judAM suzobhano dvArA jovA maLe che. jemAM (1) toraNa, uMbaro, ToDalA, laTakaNiyA, bAraNA paranAM suzobhana. (2) vAsaNonI goThavaNI. (3) lIMpaNa lIMpaNa * bhoMyataLiyAnuM dIvAlanuM koThI koThalA derI kacchanuM gRhasuzobhana khUba ja lAlityapUrNa rIte vikAsa pAmeluM jovA maLe che. Aje paNa temAM kacchanI raMgIlI lokakalAnA uttama namUnA sacavAyelA che. kacchI AhirANIo potAnAM ghara khoraDAMnI bhIMte dhoLa karI ke, toraNa cAkaLA bAMdhIne dihatuM (suMdara) rAkhe che. bAraNAnI bArasAkhanI baMne bAjue raMgaberaMgI hIranA dorAthI to kyAreka UnanA dorAthI suMdara AkAra ApIne bharelAM toraNo jovA maLe che. jemAM teo phUlavelanI bhAta, mora, popaTa to kyAreka bhaumitika AkRtio jovA maLe che. tevI ja rIte dIvAlo upara paNa suMdara bharatakAma karelA raMgaberaMgI cAkaLA laTakAvelA jovA maLe che. AyanA mahelanI dIvAlo para sthAnika rAjAonI chabio uparAMta tyAM eka Adhunika prathA tarIke mughala bAdazAho ane rAjapUtAnAnA keTalAka sthAnika rAjAonI chabio paNa mUkelI che. ane dIvAlamAM vividha raMgI ArasanuM jaDatarakAma karavAne badale sAdA cUnAnI bhIMta upara jaDatarakAmano ja khyAla Ape tevA bharatakAmanA cAkaLAthI dIvAla DhAMkavAnI jogavAI tyAMnA kalAkAre dAkhavI che. AyanA mahelamAM A rIte cAkaLo laTakAvIne bharatakAmanI suzobhananI dRSTie eka viziSTatA gaNI zakAya. lagabhaga sarakhAM hovA chatAM judI hoya che ke suzobhana bArasAkhanA ToDalA para mora, popaTa, jevAM laTakaNiyAM gharanI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. AyanA mahelanI bIjI eka viziSTatA e che ke temAMnA eka oraDAnuM dvAra hAthIdAMtanuM banAveluM che. jemAM namUnedAra nakzIkAma thayeluM jovA maLe che.jemAM phUlavela, hAthI, ghoDo, ghoDesavAra, tathA manuSyAkRti najare paDe che. kacchanA rabArIonAM gharomAM joIe to bAraNAM ane gokhalAnAM suzobhanamAM baMne bAju lIMpaNa karIne temAM itihAsa pariSadanA 16 mA jJAnasatramAM bhUja khAte rajU karela zodha nibaMdha. + myujhiyama-ina-cArja, bho.je.vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 60 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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doraDAnA vaLa jevI AkRti upasAvIne vacce vacce raMgIna kAca ke khApo jaDelI jovA maLe che. bArasAkhanA baMne ToDalA para paNa lIMpaNa karIne AbhalA coMTADelA jovA maLe che. dIvAlanA trikoNAkAra gokhalAonI AjubAju paNa suMdara lIpaNakAma karIne trikoNAkAranI upara eka Abhalo coTADe che. jethI te vadhu suMdara lAge che. A badhAM suzobhanomAM emanAM gharanuM eka agatyanuM aMga je oraDAne ane parasALane judA pADe che te UMbaro paNa bAkI raheto nathI. tene paNa suMdara rIte lIMpaNathI lIMpIne sapheda cUnAnA dhoLathI raMgI kADhe che jethI te bhoMyataLiyAnA lIMpaNanI sAthe sAthe dIvAlanI sAthe paNa ekarUpatA sAdhe che. jayAre vAsaNonI goThavaNImAM joIe to kacchI rabArIonAM gharamAM koThI, koThalA, ghaMTInuM thALuM tathA pANiyArA para banne mATalAnI utaraDanI joDa mUkelI jovA maLe che. A koThI, koThalA ane pANiyAruM paNa bhaumitika AkRtio ane khApo coMTADelA hovAthI temanI suMdaratAmAM vadhAro kare che. kyAreka koThalAne mAthe kAnuDo paNa jovA maLe che. je temanI mojamAI mAtAnuM pratika hovAnuM lAge che. (3) lIMpaNa : (1) bhoyataLiyAnuM (2) dIvAlanuM (3) koThI, (4) koThalA (5) derI kacchamAM mATI paranAM paththaranAM gharane lIMpI gUMpIne sapheda dhoLathI dhoLIne rahevAnI rItamAM kaLAmaya lIMpaNakAma tenI parAkASThA gaNAvI zakAya. kacchamAM AvelA saNosarA, dhaDA jevAM keTalAMka rabArI nesaDAomAM tenA mATInA gharomAM lIMpaNakAmamAM lAda mATInI saDelI gArathI upavAselI bhAta ane temAM AbhalAno vaparAza joIe to eka ucca prakArano lIpaNakalAno lokakalAno prakAra tenI carama sImAe vikAsa pAmelo lAge. jemAM koThI, koThalA, DAmaciyA ane sapheda mATInA dhoLathI opatI dIvAlo gharamAM pesatAM ja najare caDe to ApaNane svarganI anubhUti thaI Ave. kacchanI lIMpaNakaLA Ajeya evI ne evI rUDhibaddha jIvatI che. A badhA lIMpaNa DhALAmAM rabArIkAmathI alaga evI AgavI zailI to bAroTa ane mera prajAe khIlavI che. bAroTonA lIMpaNakAmano uThAva bahu jhAkamajhoLa lAge che. to mera lokonuM kAma jANe sthApatya ThAThavALuM lAge. paraMtu mohakabhAta ane bharacaka paNa samatola gUMthaNI vistAranI kaLAmAM rabArI kAmanI sarasAI koI na karI zake. kacchamAM rabArIonAM pAdharA taDo be che : (1) kAchelA ane (2) DhebariyA DhebariyA ghaNuM kharuM vagaDe vAMDhamAM rahe che. jyAre comAse ghara bhegA thAya. paraMtu kAchelA rabArIo moTebhAge temanA lokonI sAthe gAmamAM TharI ThAma thaIne gharamAM rahe che. rabArI komano samAja "mAtRpradhAna' che. rabAraNa kaLANathI kAma karI gharane rUDuM rAkhe che. kAchelA rabArIonI ghaNI kharI vastI bhuja, nakhatrANA, bhujoDI, makhaNA, dhaDo, saNasarA..vagere gAmomAM jovA maLe che. jyAM temanAM khoraDAM citara vinAnA jovA nahi maLe. A citara mATe rabAraNa mahinA paMdara divasa pahelAMthI chANa, lAda ke lIMDA ke mATInI gAra nAkhe che. e saDIne taiyAra thAya eTale paththaranI dIvAla upara gArano thAthaDo lagAvI dhAbo de che. ane thApa karI bhotaruM kADhe. A bhotaruM kADhelI bhIMta upara rabAraNa gArathI citara kADhe che. lIMpaNanA citara kADhavAnI gAra to khAsa alaga banAvavI paDe. gadheDAMnAM lIMDAne chAMye sUkavI tene bArIka pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 200pa * 61 For Private and Personal Use Only

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phUTe ne pachI cALI le. pachI phUTelI mATI ane lIMDAno bhUko aradhA bhAge bheLavI nAkhe, ane tenI gAra saDavA nAMkhe. ekarUpa cIkaNI banI taiyAra thayelI gAra ne gaMdI gaMdIne pIMDo banAve ane temAMthI lapako laI, Terave TapArI thApA daI daI citara kADhe. bhoMyataLiyAnA lIMpaNamAM A gArane teo lapakA mArIne suMdara okarIo pADe che. jethI dharanAM oraDAo suMdara lAge che. kyAreka prasaMgo hoya tyAre kinArI sapheda cUnAnA raMgathI phUla velanI bhAta paNa pADe che. lIpaNa-zilpa-kaLAnI janmadatta sUjha hoya evI nipuNa najarathI rabAraNa bhIMta upara gAravATAthI rekhAkRtio upasAve che. ane naramAzathI dAbI dAbI tene bhIMta sAthe eka rasa thaI jAya tema cITakAve che. Ama, suMdara citrabhAto sahajamAM UpasatI jAya che. UThelI A bhAta pavanathI sUkAI jAya e pahelAM enAM para jayAM jarUrI lAge tyAM ThekaThekANe AbhalA arIsA jaDe che. kyAreka caNoThInA bIja coMTADI tenA raMgano suzobhana tarIke paNa upayoga karI le che. rabArInA lIMpaNamAM khAMpa ane zveta khaDI sivAya bIjuM kAMI jovA na maLe. lIMpaNa citarAmaNa bhIMtabheLuM sukAIne sajajaDa thaI jAya pachI AkhI dIvAla para khaDImATInuM potuM mAre che. ane te sukAya eTale bhInA cIMtharAthI AbhalAMne ajavALI le ke lIMpaNa zilpa ADambaranI kaLAkhaMDa jANe divaDA paTAvyA hoya tema jhagamagI UThe. gAra mATInAM khaDI ghoLyAM ne naLiye chAyA rabArI khoraDA Ama to khUba ja sAdA lAge che. paraMtu enI aMdaranA mabalakha lIpaNa zilpathI pracura dIvAlo jotAM AlhAdaka anubhava thAya. nIcethI upara sudhI lIMpaNakAma ThAMsI ThAMsIne kareluM jovA maLe. A lIMpaNa zilpanI bhAtamAM khApalAM, caNacaNiyA, ane velabuTTA. emAM nIce jhUlatAM toraNiyA ane kuMgarA. ane kuMgare DuMgare maiyArI ne moralAnI bhAta karelI jovA maLe che. jayAre kyAreka lIMpaNamAM koThI koThalAo upara vIMjhaNAnI bhAta upasAvelI jovA maLe che. kyAreka gharamAM mUkelI maMjUSA upara paNa ApaNane judI judI bhAta jovA maLe che. jemAM rUpAMkana AkAre hAthI, popaTa, mora, pANiyArI, kalpavRkSa, mahiyArI, sUrya, vIMchI vagere...vATA zilpamAMthI kaMDAratI vakhate AbhalA, kAca, maNakA vagere. jaDatA jAya che. dhomadhakhatA unALe dUdha mAkhaNa vagere.. bagaDI na jAya, roTalA zAka utarI na jAya ethI ene sAcavavA kacchI mAladhArI strIo mATI lAdanA gAriyAthI koThalA, koThI, ghaMTInA thALA vagere. banAvI enA upara vATA zilpathI kAMgarA, trikoNa kaMDAre che. ane koThalAmAM dUdha, mAkhaNa, roTalA, zAka mUke che. jethI bagaDI na jAya. mATInA koThalAmAM vastu bagaDatI nathI, AvI koThI, koThalA loka prajAnA rephrIjareTara gaNAya. vaLI tenI upara gAdalA-godaDAnI thappI paNa mUkI rakhAya che. mATInA upayoganI A sarjanAtmakatAne lokasaMskRtinuM zikhara kahI zakAya. bhaumitika Akalpano : kudarate kyAMya rekhAo dorI nathI. mAtra ApaNe ja najare paDatI chAyA ane prakAzane lIdhe udbhavatA AkAronI skulatAne darzAvavA prAgaitihAsika kALathI rekhAone abhivyaktinuM sAdhana banAvyuM che. dareka AkAramAM eka vyaMjanAtmaka bhAva hoya che. cokaDI saMyojananuM pratika che. evI ja rIte kAMgarAnI AkRtio gatizIlatA sUcave che. rabArI loka suzobhanamAM AvA bhaumitika AkAro khUba pramANamAM jovA maLe che. jemAM sAMkaLI, kuMgarI, vAva, bAjaTa, cokI, aDadiyA, svastika, makhalI (mAkhI, jALa, laheriyo, nALa, phUla, javalA, ravaiyo jevI judI judI AkRtio khUba ja vaparAya che. prANIo vanaspatio : ApaNI AsapAsanA vAtAvaraNamAM rahetA pazupaMkhIo, jhADapAna, phUlavela vagere.. suzobhanamAM Akalpana mATe agatyano bhAga bhajave che. je ApaNA rojabarojanA jIvanamAM vaNAI gayelA jovA maLe che. pathika ke saimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 % 62 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rabArIonI paraMparA mULa temanA udgama sthAna mAravADa (pazcima rAjasthAna)mAMthI UtarI AvI hovAthI temanI suzobhana kalA bAkAta nathI. kacchanuM vAtAvaraNa paNa mAravADathI juduM na hovAthI mora, popaTa (suDo), vIMchI, hAthI, UMTa, makhalI, cakalI, haraNa, nAga jevA prANIo mukhyatve sthAna dharAvatA hoya che. AtmAbhivyakti : kalAtmaka sarjana Ama to potAnA jIvananA prasaMgomAM ja Alekhita hoya che. rabArI nArI roja mAthe beDAM laI pANI bharIne laI Ave che, ane savAre UThatAMnI sAthe ja moTA ravaiyAnAM nejA pakaDI chAzanAM ghammara valoNAM sAthe divasanI zarUAta temanI pravRttinuM abhinna aMga che. je lIMpaNa kaLAmAM khUba ja bArIkAIthI najare paDe che.. divyAbhivyakti : rabArI rUpasaMhitAnA anya spaMdanomAM ApaNe mAnavetara zaktio temanAM mAnava samA rUpAlaMkAro athavA pratikAtmaka Akalpano, sUrya, candra, kRSNa (kAnuDo), mAtRzakti (momAI), deva sthaLo (darI athavA deraDI), yava (javalA), mRtAtmAonI samAdhi (kUbo) vagere. A paikInA khUba ja pracalita Akalpano che. mora : saMpUrNa pazcima bhAratamAM vipula pramANamAM jovA maLato mora rabArIonAM udgama sthaLamAM eTalA vadhu pramANamAM maLI Ave che ke, rabArIo A suMdara paMkhInA AkAro potapotAnA gharanI dIvAlo, koThI, koThalA, maMjUSA vagere nA lIMpaNa kAmamAM kaLA karato athavA judI judI jAtanA moranI AkRtio jovA maLe che. vAgaDanA rabArIonAM koThalAomAM kaLA karatA moranuM nirUpaNa jovA maLe che. jemAM AbhalA coMTADI pUchanA pIMchAnuM alaMkaraNa karavAmAM Ave che. A eka judA ja prakAranuM nirUpaNa che. sUDo (popaTa) : suDo saMskRtanA "zuka' zabda uparathI ane rAjasthAnI "suggA' zabda uparathI rabArI bhASAmAM Avyo che. grAmINa nArIo tenA saMsargamAM vadhu AvatI hoI temanI abhivyaktimAM sUDAne khUba ja ucca sthAna apAyuM che. rabAraNoe potAnA gharamAM lIMpaNa kAmamAM AMbA DALanI upara baMne bAjue sAma sAme athavA to vacce bhaumitika AkRti ane sAma sAme sUDAnuM Alekhana kareluM jovA maLe che. vIMchI : rabArI jAtimAM suzobhanamAM kutUhala janmAvanAruM vIMchI e vRzcika rAzinuM pratika paNa che. tenI AkRti paNa lIMpaNa kAmamAM jovA maLe che. derI : derI athavA deraDI zabda saMskRtanA devasthala ane phArasInA "dara' zabdonuM saMyojana che. rabArIonA anAja bharavAnA lIMpaNavALA koThalAo paikI eka koThalo derInA AkArano (zikharAkRti) hoya che. dezI ane DhebariyA rabArIomAM A derInAM zikhara upara eka mAnava mukhAkRti banAvavAmAM Ave che. jene teo "kAnuDo' (kRSNa) kahe che. vRkSa ane AMbo : vanaspati AkalpanomAM phUla pattIonAM ghaNAM AkAra jovA maLe che. pUrNa vikasita vRkSa bhUmithI upara eka thaDanI baMne bAjuethI nIkaLatI DALakhIo je khUba ja lAkSaNika rIte darzAvAya che. kyAreka vRkSa para mora, popaTa vagere.. beThelA jovA maLe che. sAmAnya rIte rabArIo vRkSane AMbo athavA jhADa tarIke ja oLakhAve che. A uparAMta gala, phUla, adho phUla A traNa nirUpaNomAM bharapUra jovA maLe che. jemAM goLa pAMdaDIvALA sUryamukhI jovA maLe che. pathika * trimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 4 63 For Private and Personal Use Only

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panihArI : lIMpaNakAmamAM dIvAlo para be beDAMvALI panihArInI AkRti jovA maLe che. lIpaNa kAma rabArI strIo jAte ja karatI hovAthI temanI abhivyakti temAM vizeSa rUpe jovA maLe che. mAnava zarIranI AkRtine be trikoNamAM darzAvI temAM bhAvanI AvazyakatA anusAra hAtha paga ane mAthuM umerI panihArInuM nirUpaNa darzAve che. A lAkSaNika AkRti hovA chatAM jIvaMta lAge che. mahiyArI : mahiyArInI AkRtimAM paNa be mAnava AkRti je sAma sAme UbhelI jovA maLe che. A mAnava AkRtio strIo ja hoya che. je chAza valovatI darzAvAya che. baMne AkRti vacce valoNuM ane chAza valovavAnuM moTuM mATaluM darzAvavAmAM Ave che. valoNAnAM nejone ADI lITI vaDe darzAvavAmAM AvatAM spaSTa be trAMsI cokaDI jevI AkRti thAya che. kyAreka A kriyA strIo ekale hAthe karatI jovA maLe che. svastika : vastikano upayoga lIMpaNa kAryamAM jovA maLe che. teno AkAra paraMparAgata ja jovA maLe che. kacchamAM taLapaduM citrakAma karatAM citArAonI to 'kamAMgara' nAme eka jAta astitvamAM AvI hatI. je have badalAyelA saMjogomAM lupta thavAnI taiyArImAM che. emaNe lokacine gamI jAya tevAM citro khAsa karIne bhIMta citronA umadA namUnA ApyA che. jema bhujanA AyanA mahelAM, aMjAranA mekarDonA baMgalAmAM, moTI rAyaNanA dhoramanAthanA bhaMDArAmAM, bhArAparanA sujAbAnA darabAranA DelAmAM kamAMgarI citrazailInA uttama namUnA jovA maLe che. temaNe najara samakSa dekhAtI sRSTimAMthI pazupakSIo, pAnaphUla, velabuTTIonI alaMkRta AkRtio cItarI che. dIvAlane cUnAthI lIsI lasoTIne e tAjA cUnA para mukhyatve lAla ke kALI rekhAothI sAdAM karelAM rekhA citro ane emAM sapATa bharelA vividha mULaraMgothI A citro taLapadI eka viziSTa zailInAM banI rahyAM che. A kamAMgaro pazujIvananAM keTalAM UMDA abhyAsI haze te to bhArAparamAM AvelA sujAbAnA DelAnI bhIMta para citrita savArInA dRzyamAM ghoDAonI je vividha bhAvavAhI AkRtio uThAvI che. temAM suvidita che. A citromAM cIvaTatApUrvaka temaNe prAcIna praNAlikA sAcavI che. Ama, gujarAtanI sohAmaNI dharatI enI AgavI saMskRti kalAnI surAvaliothI satata guMjatI rahI che. gujarAtamAM ane gujarAtanI bahAra vasatA gujarAtIo jene mATe gaurava le che evI lAkheNI lokakalAo gujarAta, saurASTra ane kAmaNagArA kacchanA prajAjIvanamAM prasannapaNe pAMgarI che. loka saMskRtinA sarjana phAla samAM kacchI rabArI ane harijana bAIonuM lIMpaNa, khArUM, AbhalA jevuM suMdara kAma ane bahenonI oraDA, osarI, koThI koThalA para lIMpaNa nI karavAnI kArIgarI khUba ja mahenata mAMgI le che. kacchanI saMskRtino jagata bharamAM joTo jaDavo muzkela che. A saMskRtine jIvaMta rAkhavI hoya to saMskRti, saMskAra, kalA ane kalAkArone ApaNI dharatI upara ugADavA paDaze. ane enA mULa A dharatI para ja ropavA paDaze. sAkSaravarya zrI kanaiyAlAla munzInA vicAraNIya vAkyomAM joIe to, ''gujarAtIomAM potAnA itihAsa, saMskRti ane kalA mATe abhimAna ke gaurava pedA nahIM thAya to emanI pAse game teTaluM nANuM haze to paNa enI koI kiMmata nathI. potAnI saMskRti pratye svAbhimAna na dharAvatI prajAnuM rASTramAM ke vizvamAM kazuMya sthAna nathI." saMdarbha sUci 1. gujarAta, dIpotsavI aMka : vi.saM. 2057, le. jorAvarasiMha jAdava. pR. 39-43 2. gujarAta, dIpotsavI aMka : vi.saM. 2057, le. khoDIdAsa paramAra pR. 121-123 3. Ara.Ara.gosvAmI, kaccha saMskRti samasyAo ane samAdhAna, pR. 92-107, 131-133 pathika & trimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 : 64 For Private and Personal Use Only

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300-00 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saurASTrano itihAsa - I.sa. 1807 thI I.sa. 1948 lekhaka-prophe. (DaoN.) esa.vI.jAnI, prakAzaka-darzaka itihAsa nidhi, amadAvAda, 2003, kiMmata rUA. prophe. (DaoN.) esa.vI.jAnIe cheka 1807 thI 1948 (saurASTranA alaga rAjyanI sthApanA) sudhIno chaso pAnAno saurASTrano lakhela itihAsa tenI bhaugolika, rAjakIya, Arthika, sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, sAhityika, sAMskRtika tathA dhArmika paristhitine saghana, sarvAMgI tathA vistRta rIte AvarI le che. A lekhanakAryamAM teNe mULa dastAvejo-hastapratonI phAIlone navI dilhInA rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra, mahArASTranA abhilekhAgAra, vaDodarA koThInAM daphataro, rAjakoTanI daphatara khAtAnI kacerI, bhAvanagara, jUnAgaDha, surendranagaranAM daphataro, rAjavI rAjayonA ahevAlo, gaeNjheTiyaro, DirekaTarIo, abhilekho, mahAnibaMdho, dainiko, sAptAhiko, sAmayiko, graMtho tathA anya saMbaMdhita sAhityano maLIne Azare 550 sAdhanono AdhAra lIdhela che, je tenA sarvagrAhI lakhANa tathA rajU karAyela saMdarbha sUcithI siddha thAya che. prakaraNa 1 (eka) pradeza paricayamAM lekhake saurASTranuM nAmakaraNa, bhaugolika sImAo, parvato, nadIo, baMdaro, khanIjo vagerenuM AdhArabhUta vivaraNa kareluM che. prakaraNa-2 (be) mAM lekhake cheka prAcInakALathI I.sa. 1807 sudhIno saurASTrano pUrva itihAsa Alekhyo che, jenAthI 1807 thI teNe zarU karela saurASTranA itihAsanA pUrvabhUmikA yogya ane sacoTa rIte rajU thayelI che. prakaraNaH3 (traNa)mAM "ogaNIsamI sadInA prAraMbhe saurASTra ane vokara karAra"nuM karAyeluM parIkSaNa vokara karAranuM mahattva darzAve che, jenAthI saurASTranA 19-20 mI sadInA itihAsanuM thayeluM ghaDatara khAsa noMdhapAtra hovAnuM lekhake yathArtha rIte jaNAvyuM che. prakaraNa 4 (cAra) "saurASTra (kAThiyAvADa)mAM briTiza poliTikala ejansI'nI sthApanA ane tenI pravRttionI karelI samIkSAthI saurASTranI vizeSataH rAjakIya kAyApalaTa thaI tevuM lekhake nakkara purAvA ane koThA sAthe darzAvela che. prakaraNa-5 (pAMca) ane prakaraNa 6 (cha) "saurASTramAM Adhunika yuga-prAraMbha ane vikAsa' bhAga-1 ane bhAga 2 (1820 thI 1947)mAM lekhake saurASTranAM 16 rAjavI rAjayo, temanA rAjyakartAo, temaNe rAjyanA AdhunikIkaraNa, khetI, udyoga, vAhana tathA saMdezAvyavahAra, sAmAjika sudhAraNA, zikSaNa, Arogya vagere kSetromAM karelI prazasya kAmagIrInI surekha carcA karelI che : temAM bhAvanagaranA takhatasiMhajI tathA kRSNakumArasiMhajIe, navAnagara(jAmanagara)nA raNajitasiMhajI ane digvijayasiMhajIe, rAjakoTanA lAkhAjIrAje, goMDalanA bhagavatasiMhajIe, morabInA vAghajI bIjA tathA lakhadhIrajIe ane lIMbaDInA dolatasiMhajIe pota-potAnA rAjyanA AdhunikIkaraNa tathA vividha kSetromAM rAjyanA vikAsanAM temaja lokahitanAM kAryomAM vizeSa mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hovAnuM lekhakanuM vidhAna yathArtha che. Ama chatAM pratyeka rAjavIe briTiza sArvabhauma sattA sAthe potAnA rAjyanI salAmatI mATe ghaniSTha saMbaMdho rAkhyA hovAnuM lekhakanuM tAraNa paNa noMdhapAtra che. dIvAnomAM bhAvanagaranA gagA ojhA tathA prabhAzaMkara paTaNI, jAmanagara nA meru khavAsa, jUnAgaDhanA amarajI vagerenuM rAjyanA AdhunikIkaraNa tathA vikAsamAM gaNanApAtra pradAna hovAnuM lekhakanuM avalokana noMdhapAtra che. prakaraNa pa tathA 6 mAM vividha kSetromAM thayela vikAsanA AMkaDA tathA koThAono samAveza lekhakanA A paratvenA vidhAnane vizeSa spaSTa karavAmAM noMdhanIya kahevAya. prakaraNa 7 mAM lekhake saurASTranAM salAmI prathama ane dvitIya varganAM rAjyonA vaTIvaTItaMtranuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. prakaraNa 8 'saurASTranuM samAja jIvana" mAM lekhake varNo, jJAtio vagerenA khorAka, pozAka, AkAro, pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 66 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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rItarivAjo, manoraMjano, tahevAro, meLAo, samAja jIvananAM dUSaNo, sInI sthiti, samAja sudhArAnI pravRttio vagerenuM vivaraNa kareluM che. prakaraNa 9 "saurASTranI Arthika paristhitimAM lekhake saurASTranI khetI, udyogo, vepAra-vANijaya, AyAta-nikAsa, vAhana-saMdezA vyavahAra, relve, baMdaro, havAImArgo, calaNa-benkiMgaprathA, vagerenuM AMkaDA tathA koThAo sAthe vivecana kareluM che. prakaraNa-10 "saurASTramAM zikSaNano vikAsa"mAM lekhake prAthamika, mAdhyamika, ucca zikSaNa, kanyA keLavaNI, keTalIka noMdhapAtra zaikSaNika saMsthAo - jevI ke rAjakoTanI AlphaDa hAIskUla (have mahAtmA gAMdhI vidyAlaya), rAjakumAra kaoNleja - rAjakoTa, zAmaLadAsa koleja-bhAvanagara, bahAuddIna kaoNlejajUnAgaDha, dharmendrasiMhajI koleja-rAjakoTa, nAnajI kAlidAsa mahetA Arya kanyA gurukuLa-porabaMdara vagerenuM jarUrI AMkaDA temaja cArTI sAthe parIkSaNa kareluM che. prakaraNa-11 saurASTranI sAMskRtika paristhitimAM lekhake saurASTranA dharmo-saMpradAyo (praNAmI saMpradAya), hindu, jaina, islAma, khristI, jarathostI vagerenI carcA karelI che, tathA Ane lagatA sAhityano paNa AvakArapAtra ullekha karelo che. temAM teNe TAMkelI kAvyapaMktio vividha dharmonA samAna hArdane spaSTa karavAmAM sahAyarUpa che. A prakaraNamAM lekhake saurASTranA judA judA vistAromAM thaI gayela kavio, kalAkAro, sAhityakAro, vagerenI kRtionI TAMkelI paMktio A sAhityakAronI dharma temaja samAja sudhAraNAnI dhagazane sAkAra kare che tevuM lekhakanuM kathana khAsa ullekhanIya che. prakaraNamAM patrakAratva tathA purAtattva-utnananane lagatI apAyelI mAhitI paNa A viSayanA abhyAsIone upayogI thAya tevI che. prakaraNa-12 "saurASTramAM rAjakIya jAgRtino udbhava ane vikAsamAM lekhake tenAM javAbadAra paribaLo, rAjAonuM Apakhuda zAsana, briTiza hindamAM rASTrIya AMdolano, samAcArapatro, sAhitya, saMdezAvyavahAra vagerenuM vistRta vivecana kareluM che. kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanI kAryavAhI, saurASTranAM prajA-maMDaLo, gAMdhIjIe saurASTranI netAgIrInuM paNa kareluM ghaDatara vagereno lekhake khAsa nirdeza karelo che. prakaraNa 13 tathA prakaraNa 14mAM lekhake saurASTranI prajAkIya caLavaLo (saurASTranA satyAgraho) (1922-1932) tathA (1932 thI 1942)mAM 22 jeTalA satyAgrahonuM vivaraNa kareluM che, jemAM khAkharecI satyAgraha, rAjakoTa, lIMbaDI tathA dhrAMgadhrAnA satyAgraho vizeSa ullekhanIya kahI zakAya. satyAgraho daramyAna racAyelAM rASTrIya gItonI lekhake TAMkelI paMktio satyAgrahonA svarUpa tathA vyApane spaSTa kare che. rAjAonI satyAgrahIo pratyenI anyAyI ane julmI nItino paNa lekhake yathAyogya ullekha karela che. prakaraNa 15 - "saurASTranAM dezI rAjyonuM vilInIkaraNa ane alaga saurASTra rAjayanI racanA"mAM prophe (Do.) jAnIe tenI prakriyA, saradAra paTela, saurASTranA DhebarabhAI tathA anya netAonI kAmagIrI, rAjAone samajAvavAnI tathA teno rASTraprema jAgRta karavAnI saradAra paTelanI ahiMsAyukta kuneha, jUnAgaDhanA navAbe muslima dIvAnanI geradoravaNIthI jUnAgaDhane pAkistAna sAthe joDavAnI karelI jAherAta vagere paribaLo tathA prakriyAo, saurASTranA rAjavI rAjyonuM bhArata saMgha sAthenA joDANa tathA alaga saurASTra rAjyanI racanAne zakya banAvyAnuM kareluM vizada vivaraNa jUnAgaDhanA prazna ArajhI hakUmatanI racanA ane kAmagIrIne lagatuM tenuM saMzodhana tathA prakAzana paNa A prazna para sAro evo prakAza pADe che. prophe. (Do.) jAnIe saurASTranA itihAsa (1807 thI 1948)nuM kareluM lakhANa tenAM uparokta prakaraNo tathA saurASTranA rAjayonuM sarvagrAhI pRthakkaraNa tathA tenAM tamAma pAsAMonuM saMzodhanAtmaka Alekhana A viSayanAM anya lakhANo tathA pustakomAM navI sarvAgI daSTi pUrI pADe che - tethI A pustaka A viSayanA vidyArthIo, pathika * baimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 67 For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyApako, temAM rasa dharAvanAra saukoIne mATe te mArgadarzaka banI raheze tevI mArI zraddhA che. temAM saurASTranA itihAsanA eka paNa pAsAnI UNapa nathI. pratyeka prakaraNane aMte saMdarbha sUci tathA sAmAnya saMdarbha sUci paNa A viSayanA tenA UMDA adhyayananI pratIti karAve che. AvuM pustaka lakhavA badala prophe.(DaoN.) jAnI dhanyavAdane pAtra che tathA AvuM pustaka prakAzita karavA badala darzaka itihAsa nidhie zrI darzakanA saurASTranA itihAsa lekhananA svapnane sAkAra karela che. amadAvAda, tA. 11-10-2003 2.ka.dhAraiyA (samIkSaka) -X pathika * traimAsika - julAI-Disembara, 2005 * 68 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra trimAsika : julAI-Disembara, 2005 BOOK-POST pathika Printed Matter TO, AjIvana sabhya 365 Do. paMkajabhAi TI. desAI 39, saumila sosAyaTI, DrAiva ina roDa, sakArI vasAhata sAme, po. memanagara, amadAvAda - 380 052 ravAnA : pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir