Anusandhan 2008 12 SrNo 46

Author(s): Shilchandrasuri
Publisher: Kalikal Sarvagya Shri Hemchandracharya Navam Janmashatabdi Smruti Sanskar Shikshannidhi Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/520546/1

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moharite saccavayaNassa palimaMthU (ThANaMgasutta, 529) H. anusaMdhAna zrI hemacandrAcArya prAkRtabhASA ane jainasAhitya viSayaka saMpAdana, saMzodhana, mAhitI vagerenI patrikA saMpAdaka : vijayazIlacandrasUri amaha kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi, ahamadAbAda A SAR 2008-% S

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moharite saccavayaNassa palimaMthU(ThANaMgasutta,529) 'mukharatA satyavacananI vighAtaka che' anusaMdhAna prAkRtabhASA ane jainasAhitya-viSayaka sampAdana,saMzodhana,mAhitI vagerenIpatrikA sampAdakaH vijayazIlacandrasUri 100 In - zrIhemacandrAcArya kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi ahamadAbAda 2008

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anusandhAna 46 Adya sampAdakaH DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI sampAdakaH vijayazIlacandrasUri samparka: C/o. atula eca. kApaDiyA A-9, jAgRti phleTsa, pAlaDI mahAvIra TAvara pAchaLa amadAvAda-380007 phona : 079-26574981 prakAzaka: kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi, ahamadAbAda prAptisthAnaH (1) A. zrIvijayanemisUri jaina svAdhyAya mandira 12, bhagatabAga, jainanagara, navA zAradAmandira roDa, ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhInI bAjumAM, amadAvAda-380007 (2) sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra 112, hAthIkhAnA, ratanapola, amadAvAda-380001 mUlya: Rs. 80-00 mudraka: kriznA grAphiksa, kirITa harajIbhAI paTela 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 (phonaH 079-27494393)

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nivedana saMzodhana o bahudhA AnandadAyaka bAbata banatI hoya che; paNa bahudhA; hamezAM nahi. UlaTuM, ghaNIvAra to te AghAtajanaka banI jatuM hoya che. saMzodhana hamezAM satyaparasta aTale ke satyataraphI padArtha hoya che, ane satyano svabhAva, moTe bhAge AghAta ApavAno hoya che. AghAta janmAve tevA saMzodhanano asvIkAra ke tiraskAra kare tenuM nAma sampradAya. sampradAyane jeTalo 'potAnA svIkArelA satya' sAthe lagAva hoya che, teTalo lagAva 'saMzodhananA satya' sAthe nathI hoto. AthI ja saMzodhana- satya ujAgara thaIne sAme Ave tyAre sampradAyamAM (ke sAmpradAyika mAnasamAM) bhAre asukha vyApI jatuM jovA maLe che. dharmanuM kSetra kaho ke tattva, AvaM AchakaluM nathI hotuM. dharma svayaM oka sanAtana satya tattva che, satyanA pAyA upara te nirbhara hoya che, ane satya sivAya anya kazA sAthe tene levA-devA hotI nathI; mATe saMzodhana- satya rajU thAya tyAre dharma vadhu jaLahaLI UThe che, vadhu prANavAna bane che, vadhu samRddha bane che. vAstavikatA o che ke saMzodhananA satyano inkAra ja dharmane sAmpradAyika saMkoca bhaNI dhakelI mUke che. A sthiti thakI bacavAno ane bahAra AvavAno upAya eka ja : satyane-saMzodhananA satyane mUlavavAnI vivekadRSTi keLavI levI, ane nIrakSIranyAye ucitano svIkAra ane anyano asvIkAra karavAnI kSamatA pragaTAvavI. mahAyogIrAja AnandaghanajI mahArAjanuM gaNAtuM aka prasiddha pada, 'avasara bera bera nahIM Ave' o AnandaghanajI- racelu pada nathI, paraMtu temanA karatAM ekAda saiko vahelAM thaI gayela vaiSNava bhaktakavi sUradAsa, raceluM che, ane pAchaLanA kALamAM te AnandadhanajInA nAme, bIjAM keTalAMka padonI jema, caDI gayuM che, AyU~ kahevAmAM Ave, to keTalo AghAta thAya ! parantu, ApaNane AghAta thAya teTalA mAtrathI hakIkata kaI badalAI zake nahi. kharekhara to ApaNe zodhaka dRSTi vikasAvavI ghaTe. sAMbhaLavAmAM sAraM

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lAge ke tarata managamatA kavinA nAma sAthe joDI daio, ane te pachI tenA zabdo tathA bhAvone tapAsyA vinA, kavinAM anya padomAM thatI rajUAta karatAM sAva nokhI ane kavinI AdhyAtmika UMcAI sAthe tAlameLa nahi dharAvatI racanAne paNa kavinA nAme calAvIo, to temAM khAmI ApaNI vivekazIla zodhaka dRSTinI ja gaNavI paDe. tAjetaramA aka ramUjapreraka ghaTanA banI. amadAvAdamAM jJAnapaMcamI-parvanA nimitte Thera Thera jJAna-pradarzano yojAtAM hoya che. pAlaDIsthita zrIsurendrasUrijaina tattvajJAnazALAmAM paNa Aq pradarzana yojAyeluM. temAM mugala bAdazAha akabaranuM oka jIvadayAne lagatuM pharamAna rajU karavAmAM AvelaM. teno sacitra paricaya 'gujarAta samAcAra (tA. 4-11-08)'mAM A pramANe ApavAmAM Avelo : "zahenazAha akabare guruvarya zrIhIrasUri mahArAja sAhebane 500 varSa pahelA 12 phUTa lAMbA kapaDAnA paTTA para urdU bhASAmA potAnA dilhInA darabAramAM padhAravA AmantraNa ApyuM hatuM te AkhI kapaDAnI orIjInala AkhI pratane paNa pradarzanamAM mUkavAmAM AvI che. A kapaDAnI prata para zahenazAha akabaranA sIla paNa mArelAM che." A AkhIye bAbata ramUjapreraka aTalA mATe che ke sarvaprathama to akabaranA upalabdha eka paNa patra ke pharamAna kapaDA upara AlekhAyela nathI. vaLI, te 12 phUTa lAMbA nathI hotA. te kAgaLa upara ja lakhAyela patra rUpe hoya che, ane te paNa kevaLa kALI zAhIthI ja lakhavAmAM AvatA hoI, raMgaberaMgI citrAtmaka suzobhano ke AkRtione tenA patromAM koI ja sthAna nathI hotuM. jainone maLelA moTA bhAganA pharamAna-patro, pArasI vidvAna komisariyeTe potAnA granthomAM chApelA che, ane zrIhIravijayasUrine maLela pharamAna-patro 'sUrIzvara ane samrAT' ityAdi granthomA prakAzita che. te jovAthI ja zAhI patro kevI rIte lakhAtA teno khyAla AvI zake tema che. vAta ama che ke purAtana padArthono vyApAra karanArA vyApArIo, AvI aneka cIjo nakalI taiyAra kare-karAve che, ane hajAro ne lAkhomAM te vece che. jemane AgaLa-pAchaLanuM jJAna na hoya ane parIkSA paNa na hoya tevA loko AvI cIjo joIne aMjAI jatA hoya che, ane moTI rakama kharacIne kharIdatA

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paNa hoya che. paisAno durvyaya to thAya ja, paNa te karatAM vadhu vasamuM to lAge ke AvI jAlI cIjone, A rIte, viveka vinA temaja zodhaka dRSTi vinA ja, samAja-samakSa mUkavAmAM Ave che, ane samAjane khoTo itihAsa pIrasavAmAM Ave che. bAkI, Avo mahattvapUrNa patra, ATalAM varSothI aprApya ane ajJAta rahe, ane vaLI leza paNa phATyAtUTyA ke caherAyA-bagaDyA vinA akabaMdha sthitimAM-vecAto-maLI Ave, o vAta ja keTalIbadhI vicitra ane mAnI na zakAya tevI gaNAya ! oka tihAsika mahattva dharAvatI viDambanA che himavantatharAvalI. zrIhimavantasUri nAmanA AcArya mahArAje racelI hovAnI manAtI A therAvalI o saMskRtamizrita prAkRta (mahArASTrI) bhASAmAM lakhAyela aka Adhunika nibandhamAtra hovA, tenAM bAhyAntara parIkSaNo thakI suspaSTa jaNAtuM hovA chatAM, tene vikramanI trIjI zatAbdInI racanA mAnIne cAlavU, o keTaluM to vicitra ane zodhaviveka-vihoNuM banI rahe tema che ! onI gAthAomAM chandobhaMgano pAra nathI. tenA gadya vibhAgamAM paNa bhArobhAra Adhunika rIti ane bhASAno upayoga che. keTalIka gAthAo to sIdhI nandIsUtranI therAvalImAthI ja uThAvelI che. vaLI, prAkRtanA lAMbA lakhANa pachI akAoka saMskRta lekha cAlu thaI jAya che. umAsvAti mATe umasAi ane tattvArthasUtra mATe tattatthasutta jevA prayogo dvArA bhASAkIya kRtakatA ApoApa sAbita thaI zake che. himavantaAcArya to yugapradhAna bhagavaMta hatA, hovA joIo. temane mATe nandIsUtramA himavantakhamAsamaNa zabda prayojAyo che ja. temanI bhASA ane vAkyanI temaja padyanI racanA ATalI chIcharI na hoI zake. ArSa racanAno A kRtimAM akAdo chAMTo paNa jovA nathI maLato. vadhumAM, A AkhA nibandhamAM silasilAbaMdha ghaTanAo, sAlavArI, rAjAonI tathA guruonI kramika paramparAA badhAMnuM je rIte Alekhana che tevaM to madhyakALanA prabandhagranthomAM paNa Alekhana thayeluM jovA nathI maLatuM ! samagrapaNe A nibandhano abhyAsa karatAM spaSTa thAya che ke A Akhoye nibandha, gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA koI, jaina itihAsamuM varNana karatAM pustaka/ pustakonA AdhAre racAyelo nibandhamAtra che. te paNa vIsamA saikAmAM ja lakhAyelo

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hovAnuM vadhAre sambhavita che. ApaNe tyAM valabhIpuranI vAcanA (bIjI) veLAo devadhigaNimahArAja AdinI nizrAmAM Agamo pustakArUDha thayA hovAnuM prasiddha paNa che, mAnya paNa. jyAre A nibandhakAre to rAjA khAravelanA kahevAthI tatkAlIna zramaNoo Agamo pustakArUDha karyA hovAno itihAsa ThapakArI dIdho che ! ane AvI to keTalIye vicitra vAto AmAM AlekhavAmAM AvI che ! bhASAzAstranI dRSTile jovAmAM Ave to abhyAsI janane tatkALa khyAla Avaze ke A to sAva atyAranI bhASA che ! ArSa bhASAno paDachAyo paNa AmAM nathI ! Do. madhusUdana DhAMkI sAthenI carcA daramyAna temaNe kaDaM ke A lekhane pahelAM to bahu mahattva apAyuM, paNa pachI puNyavijayajI mahArAje kaDaM ke 'A to banAvaTI racanA che.' ane zrIjinavijayajIo paNa kA ke 'A bahu pAchaLanI racanA che.' Do. DhAMkI to tenA samagralakSI abhyAsanA tAraNarUpe spaSTa kahe che ke "A vIsamI sadInI racanA che ane te sarvaprathama jAmanagarathI prakAzita thaI hatI, tethI te tyAMnA ja koI gRhastha vidvAnanI racanA hoya te vadhu sambhavita jaNAya che." ___ ane ApaNA koI munirAje, AvI koI ja zodhaka dRSTinI khevanA rAkhyA vinA, A nibandhane vAstavika mAnIne tenA AdhAre jaina itihAsa- bayAna karatI, samarthana karatI, ane jainetara itihAsa khaNDana karatI oka moTI copaDI lakhI nAkhI che, ane prakAzita karIne jaina dharmanI moTI sevA karyAno paritoSa paNa anubhavyo che. AvaM joi tyAre zodhaka dRSTi ane vivekazIla dRSTi keTalI agatyanI che te avazya samajAI jAya che. AvI dRSTinI gerahAjarImA itihAsane, paramparAne, vAstavikatAne temaja dharma-sampradAyane keTalo anyAya karI besAya che. ane keTalI hAni paNa pahoMcADAya che, teno aMdAja paNa AvI zake che. ADedhaDa lakhAtAM pustaka kAMI itihAsa banI zake nahi. ____ ApaNAmAM vadhu ne vadhu zodha-dRSTino vikAsa thAya, aTaluM ja A badhuM lakhavA pAchaLay abhipreta che. - zI.

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anukramaNikA zrImunidevasUri racita zrI abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvya saM. munisuyazacandra-sujasacandravijayau 1 eka phUTakaLa patra-antargata zabdayAdI kAntibhAI bI. zAha 28 jaina zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAna : eka samIkSA DaoN. kaumudI sunIla baladoTA 37 suzrI kaumudI baladoTA kA zodhapatra jaina zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAna : eka samIkSA isa para kucha vicAra muni kalyANakIrtivijaya 50 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya : pratIkSA, paDakAra ane samprApti kAntibhAI bI. zAha 56 prAcIna jaina sAhityameM Ayurveda tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa DA. jagadIzacandra jaina 66 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa : eka vAstavika ghaTanA vijayazIlacandrasUri 79 vihaMgAvalokana upA. bhuvanacandra 83 Perculiarities of Jain Maharastri Literature Dr. Nalini Joshi cu mAhitI : navAM prakAzano

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AvaraNacitra-paricaya A citra sane 1820y, mevADa zailInuM ane udayapuramA AlekhAyeluM che. hAlamAM te laMDananI royala eziyATika lAyabrerImA vidyamAna che. A citramA ATha vibhAga che, temAM judA judA dharma-sampradAyonA sAdhuo darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. te AThano paricaya A pramANe ApavAmAM Avyo che : 1. kAnaphaTA yogI, 2. daraveza, 3. jaina sAdhu, (mUrtipUjaka-zvetAmbara), 4. jaina sAdhu (sthAnakamArgI ?), 5. muslima phakIra, 6. jaina sAdhu (digambara), 7. gosAMI, 8. jaina sAdhvI (sthAnakavAsI). A citranI tasavIra, mumbaIthI pragaTa thatA, kalAviSayaka sAmayika 'Marg'nA JAMES TOD'S RAJASTHAN nAme granthamA prakAzita thaI che. te granthanA prakAzako, sampAdako tathA prakAzana saMsthAnA RNasvIkAra sAthe A tasavIra atre, mAtra jJAna-vRddhine arthe prakAzita karavAmAM Avela che. jaina dharma-sambaddha vastu hoI, 'anusandhAna' nA vAcakone, AvI rIteanyatra prakAzita thatI sAmagrI viSe jANa thAya to navI navI vAtonI jANakArImAM vRddhi ja thaze. ___ A citramAM, sambhavataH karnala ToDe ja, dareka vibhAganA mathALe aMgrejImAM, te te citranI oLakha ApatA zabdo lakhyA che. dA.ta. 1. Kanfata yogi. 2. Dervesh. 3. yati..... Jatty. 4. Dhundhiya. 5. barAbara ukalatuM 7eft. 6. Digambara. 7. Gosain. 8. Dhundhiani. ApaNI nisabata citramA Alekhela jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI sAthe che. A citrano paricaya ApatAM te granthanA pR. 24 para eka mahattvanI vAta noMghela che, te A pramANe : A Predominance of Jain figures in this Picture may perhaps be attributable to the influance of Tod's learned Jain assistant and guru Yati Gyanchandra, on whom he relied greatly. arthAt jJAnacandra nAmanA jaina yatine karnala ToDa potAnA vidvAna gurulekhe mAnato hato. (citra tathA mAhitInuM saujanya : Royal Asiatic Society, London, Marg Publications, Mumbai)

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Disembara 2008 zrImunidevasUri racita zrI abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvya saM. munisuyazacandra - sujasacandravijayau abhayakumAra - jaina Agamika sAhityanuM bahu ja prasiddha pAtra che. temanA jIvananA prasaMgono ullekha ke te saMkaLAyela hoya tevA prasaMgo anuyogadvArasUtra, AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra, nizIthasUtra, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra jevAM AgamasUtromAM ke tenI cUrNi ane vRttimAM jovA maLe che. te sivAya mahAvIracaritra, upadezaprAsAda jevA aneka saMskRta ke prAkRtabhASAbaddha granthomAM, tathA zreNikarAsa, zreNika - abhayarAsa, bharatezvara - bAhubalIrAsa vagere aneka kRtiomAM abhayakumAranA jIvananA prasaMgo noMdhAyela che. zubhazIlagaNio racela 'bharatezvara bAhubalIvRtti' mAM paNa abhayakumAranaM jIvana gadyamAM nibaddha thayuM che. te ja rIte prastuta kRti paNa kRSNarSigacchanA kRSNamuninA ziSya AcArya jayasiMhasUrijIo vi.saM. 915mAM racela 'dharmopadezamALA' nAmanI 98 zloka pramANa racanAnI TIkAmAM sthAna pAmI che. abhayakumAranA jIvana upara lakhAyela kRtio :- temanA jIvana upara svatantra rIte prAkRtabhASAmA koI racanA thaI hoya tevuM jANavA maLyuM nathI. saMskRta - gujarAtI bhASAnI racanAo nIce mujaba che. saMskRta kRtio : (1) abhayakumAracaritra - sarga 12 zloka 9036 pramANanI kRti candragacchanA AcArya zrIjinezvarasUrijInA ziSya candratilaka upA. dvArA vi.saM. 1312mAM racAI che te saM. 2045 mAM harSapuSpAmRtagranthamALAmAMthI chapAyela che. ( 2 ) abhayakumAracaritra - sahajakIrti (digaM0 ? ) kRta A racanAnI vizeSa noMdha nathI. A grantha pahelA mANekacaMda hIrAcaMda bhaNDAra, copATImAM hato. hAla te bhaNDAra tyAM nathI. ajJAtakartRka. A kRtinI noMdha (3) abhayakumAracaritra jinaratnakozamAM che.

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anusandhAna 46 (4) abhayazataka - A kRti surata-jainAnanda pustakAlayamAM hovAnI noMdha maLe che. te abhayakumAranA jIvana upara che ke kema te paNa prazna che ? apragaTa jaNAya che. gurjarakRtio :(1) kavi depAla kRta zreNika - abhayakumArarAsa (ra.saM. 1526) (2) padmarAja (?) abhayakumAra caritra caupAI (ra.saM. 1650) (3) kavi RSabhadAsa kRta abhayarAsa (ra.saM. 1687) (4) jinaharSa upA. (khara.) kRta abhayarAsa (ra.saM. 1758) (5) kIrtisundara kRta abhayakumArAdi paMcasAdhu rAsa (ra.saM. 1759) (6) lakSmIvinaya (khara.) kRta abhayarAsa (ra.saM. 1761) 'abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvya' nAmaka prastuta kRtine kartAe kAvya tarIke gaNAvI hoI tene svatantra kRtilekhe svIkArI zakAya. abhyudayAGkakAvyo : abhyudaya aTale unnati. zuM nAyakanA jIvananA anya prasaMgothI laI cheka tenI sAmAjika ke Atmika unnatinI noMdha darzAvatI kRti mATe A zabda prayojAyo haze ? ke pachI koI anya kAraNathI A zabda prayojAyo che te vicAravaM joIo. prastuta kAvyamAM paNa abhayakumAranA zaizavathI prAraMbhIne '0madhyAsta madhyamavimAnamanuttareSu' padathI kavi temanI Atmika unnati darzAvIne kRti pUrNa karI che. ahIM prasaMgagata keTalAMka abhyudayAGka kAvyonI DhUMka noMdha mUkIo chIo

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krama kRtinAma kartA ra.saM./kALa kRtiviSaya 1. | yAdavAbhyudaya (nATaka) kavi rAmacandra vi. 12mI sadI | kaMsa-jarAsandhanA vadha pachI kRSNa rAjyAbhiSeka Disembara 2008 2. rAghavAbhyudaya (nATaka) sItAsvayaMvaraghaTanA bharatezvarAbhyudaya AzAdhara (digaM.) | vi.saM.1235 - 1296 vacce bharata rAjAnA caritranuM varNana 4. dharmAbhyudaya udayaprabha vi.saM. 1277- | vastupAle kADhela saMghayAtrA vagerethI thayela 1290 vacce dharmanA abhyudayanuM varNana 5. | dharmazarmAbhyudaya harizcandra (digaM.) 6. | dharmAbhyudaya (akAMkI nATaka) | meghaprabhAcArya / vi.saM. 1257- | paMdaramA tIrthaMkara dharmanAthabhagavAnanA jIvana1287 vacce varNana vi.saM. 1273 dazArNabhadrarAjarSinI jIvanaghaTanA pahelAM vi.saM. 1626- akabaranA darabArI zeTha rAyamalla caudharI 1639 vacce (digambara)nI vinaMtithI racAyela 24 jina caritra 7. | rAyamallAbhyudaya | padmasundaragaNi

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krama | kRtinAma 8. | pArvAbhyudaya | 9. | devAnandAbhyudaya 10. khImasIsaubhAgyAbhyudaya' 11. puNyAnandAbhyudaya vijayAnandAbhyudayakAvya 13. | nemyabhyudaya kartA ra.saM./kALa kRtiviSaya jinasenAcArya (digaM.) pArzvanAtha bhagavAnane thayela upasarganuM varNana meghadUtanI samasyApUrti meghavijayajI upA. vi.saM. 1727 | vijaya devasUrijI (tapA.) ma. nuM jIvana (khara.) zizupAlavadhapAdapUrti | ratnakuzala (tapA.) vi.saM. 1650 / maMtrI kSemarAjanA puNyakAryanuM varNana puNyAnandasUri (?) | (?) aneka mahApuruSonuM jIvana 20mI sadI AtmArAmajI ma.nuM jIvanacaritra udayasUrijI ma. / 20 mI sadI | pU. zAsanasamrAT nemisUrijI ma.nuM jIvana apUrNakRti 1. 'khImasIsaubhAgyAbhyudaya' kAvyanI kobA saMgrahanI pratinI nakala ame karela che je vahelI take pUrNa karavAnI bhAvanA che. paraMtu te granthanA sarga 1 nA zloka 1 thI 58 (patra 1 thI 5) na hoI anya hastapratanI AvazyakatA che. 2. 'puNyAnandAbhyudaya' kAvya presameTara pU.A.ma.zrI municandrasUrijI ma. sAhebe taiyAra karela che. anusandhAna 46

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Disembara 2008 abhayAbhyudayaH mahAkAvya ke sakalakathA - kAvyasAhityanA bhedAdinI vAta hemacandrAcArya mahArAje 'kAvyAnuzAsana' granthamA jaNAvI che. te saMpUrNa vAta na karatA mukhya vAta ja karIo to mahAkAvya - eka nAyakane ke tenA kuLane sAme rAkhI chandavizeSathI racAyela, sargabaddha, saMskRtAdibhASAnibaddha, kavisamaya- pAlana karatA zabdavaicitryAdilakSaNayukta je dIrgha racanA te mahAkAvya, jevA ke raghuvaMzamahAkAvya, buddhacaritrAdi. ___ sakalakathA - mahAkAvyanI jema nAyakanA pUrNajIvananu mAtra varNana hoya. jevA ke samarAdityacaritra, vastupAlacaritrAdi. Do. gulAbacandra caudharI jaina sAhityano bRhad itihAsa (bhA.6 pRSTha 23)mAM jaNAve che ke 'jainonA adhikAMza caritrakAvyo A prakAramA (sakalakathAmAM) samAveza pAme che.' chatAM kartAo kAvyanA dareka sarganA ante "iti abhayAbhyudayanAmni mahAkAvye" e zabdo mUkyA che. vaLI mAtra kathA tarapha lakSa na ApatA kAvyane sargabaddhatA, chandovaividhya, RtuvarNanAdi keTalAka guNo paNa ApyA che. tethI A kRtino samAveza uparokta be paikI kayA prakAramA thaI zake te nirNaya vidvAno ja karI zake. abhayAbhyudayaH avalokana - kartAo abhayakumAranA jIvananI ghaNI ghaTanAone kula sarga 4, zloka 201 nI aMdara guMthavAno sundara prayatna karyo che. sAtha-sAthe - abhayakumAranI mAtA nandAnA dohadanI pitA rAjA dvArA karAvela pUrti (sarga 1, zloka 18), abhayakumAranA lagna (1/40), ceTakarAjAnI putrI sujyeSThAnA sthAne cellaNAnuM haraNa (2/2), kapaTa karI vezyA dvArA abhayane pradyota pAse lAvavo (2/4) pradyota pAsethI maLela 4 varadAnanI samakALe thayela mAMgaNI pUrNa na thatA abhayakumAranI mukti (2/65) jevA keTalAka prasaMgonuM saMpUrNa varNana na karatA zloka ke zlokArddhathI aMgulinirdeza karavAnuM paNa kartA bhUlyA nathI. vaLI - A ja kRtinI samakALe racAyela candratilaka upA. kRta abhayakumAracaritramahAkAvyamAM AvatA - sulasAnA 32 putranI kathA, kuNika,

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anusandhAna 46 meghakumAra, metArya jevA (avAMtara) prasaMgo kartAo na lIdhA te svAbhAvika che, paraMtu abhayakumAranI buddhipratibhAnA dyotaka anya kathAprasaMgo paNa kartAo samAviSTa nathI karyA te noMdhavU joIo. uparokta mahAkAvya sAthe prastuta kRtine upara-uparathI meLavatA prApta thayela noMdha - (1) abhayakumAracaritra mahAkAvyamAM abhayakumArano jIva mAtAnA garbhamAM Avyo tyAre mAtAe svapnamAM 4 dAMtavALo hAthI joyo (sarga 1 / zlo. 2833). prastuta kRtimAM A noMdha nathI. (2) mahAkAvyamAM antaHpuradahananI potAnI AjJAnuM pAlana thayeluM jANI rAjA zreNika mUrchita thAya che. tyAre abhaya pitAne satya hakIkata jaNAve che. (4/55-59) prastuta kRtimAM A prasaMga judI rIte varNavyo che. (4/28-33) (3) mahAkAvyamAM abhayakumAra aSTAhnikA mahotsavapUrvaka pitAnI AjJA laIne dIkSA grahaNa kare che. (12/21-24) prastutakRtimAM pitA sAthe thayela karAra(pratijJA)nuM khaNDana thatA abhaya svayaM anumatinI apekSA vagara dIkSA svIkAre che (4/31-34). candratilaka upA. Avazyaka cUrNikArane anusaryA che, jyAre zubhazIlagaNi prastutakRtikAranI vAtamA sahamata che. (4) ahIM, kartAo karela ziyALAnI RtunuM varNana (3/15-18), rAtri-candrodaya- varNana (3/25, 1/1-4), sUryAstavarNana (3/24), rAjAne uThADe che te prasaMge sUryodayanuM varNana (4/14-18). vagere, mahAkAvyanAM tevAM varNano karatAM judAM ane rasALa che. (5) kartAle prastuta kRtimAM - anuSTupa, indravaMzA, indravajrA, upajAti, upendravajrA, pRthvI, mandAkrAntA, rathoddhatA, vaMzastha, vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita, zAlinI, sragdharA vagere chanda prayojyA che. dharmopadezamALA - dharmadAsagaNI kRta upadezamALA jevI ja 98 zloka pramANa A kRti kRSNarSinA ziSya jayasiMhasUrijIo vi.saM. 915 pahelA racI haze. kartA-temano samaya-anyakRtio-temanI ziSya paramparA vagerenI vizeSa noMdha maLatI nathI. prAyaH temanA ziSya jayakIrtisUrijIe 115 prAkRta gAthAmaya 'zIlopadezamALA' grantha racyo che.

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Disembara 2008 'dharmopadezamALA' grantha upara samayAntare traNa TIkAgrantho racAyA che. (1) dharmopadezamALA-vivaraNa - A grantha upara kartAo pote ja vivaraNa prAkRtabhASAmAM kayuM che. TIkAgrantha- zlokapramANa 5778 che. kartAo saM. 915 mAM bhAdaravA suda 5, budhavAra, svAtinakSatramA rAjA bhojadevanA rAjyamAM nAgorajinAlayamAM A vivaraNa pUrNa karyu che. prastuta grantha- sampAdana siMghI jaina zikSApITha-bhAratIyavidyAbhavana-muMbaImAMthI (purAtattvAcArya) jinavijayajIo vi.saM. 2005mAM prakAzita karyu che. (2) dharmopadezamALA-vivaraNa - prastuta vivaraNa harSapurIyagacchanA hemacandrasUrijInA paTTadhara vijayasiMhasUrijIo vi.saM. 1191 mAM siddharAja jayasiMhanA rAjyamAM banAvyuM. temaNe prathama vivaraNanI kathAono vistAra ko che. prAkRtabhASAmAM racAyela vRttinuM zlokapramANa 14471 che. aprakAzita A granthanI tADapatrIya pothI pATaNa tathA pUnA (bhANDArakara zodhasaMsthAna)mAM che. (3) dharmopadezamALA-vRtti - bRhadgacchamAM vAdI devasUrijInI paramparAmAM madanacandrasUrijInA ziSya munidevasUrijIo saMskRtabhASAmAM 6800 zloka pramANa vRttI racI. vi.saM. 1322nI AsapAsa racAyela prastuta vRttinuM devAnandasUrijInA ziSya kanakaprabhasUrijInA ziSya pradyumnasUrijIo saMzodhana karyu hatuM. aprakAzita A saMpUrNa kRtinI tADapatrIya pothI pATaNamAM che. kAgaLa upara lakhela prati chANI, liMbaDI, vaDodarA-haMsavijayajI saMgraha, paMjAba saMgraha (?), pATaNa, suratajainAnanda vagere granthAlayomA hovAnuM jinaratnakozakAre noMdhyuM che. 'abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvya' A TIkAgranthano ja eka aMza che. vRttikAra - munidevasUrijInA jIvana viSe vadhu koI noMdha upalabdha nathI. temaNe saM. 1322mAM zAntinAtha caritra racyu. A caritra temaNe pUrNatallagacchanA A. devacandrasUrijIo saM. 1160 mAM racela 12100 zloka pramANanA 'saMtinAhacariya'nA saMkSeparUpe banAvyuM hatuM. aprakAzita A kRtinI hastapothIo chANI, bhaNDArakara insTiTyUTa, lIMbaDI, jesalamera, pATaNa vagere granthAlayomAM che. temaNe rAjagacchanA A. pradyumnasUrijIo racela 'pravrajyAvidhAna'nI vRttinI prathama prata lakhI hatI. poravAla zA. zaktikumAranA putra AsAhInA kalyANa mATe temanI patnI zivAdevI ane putro vosiri, sADhala, sAMgo, puNyasiMhe banAvela

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anusandhAna 46 'aSTApada' nAmanA caityanI temanA hAthe pratiSThA thai. temaNe ja AcAryazrIne 'zAntinAtha caritra' banAvavAnI vinanti karI hatI. [jaina paraM.no itihAsa bhA.2, pR. 458] prastutasampAdanamAM ame 2 hastapratono upayoga karyo che. hastaprata (1) dharmopadezamALA TIkAntargata - A tADapatrIya prata pATaNa - saMghavI pADAnA bhaNDAramA che. prastuta kRti khaNDa 2 grathAnka 89mAM patra 453 A thI 476 B mAM lakhAyela che. prata azuddha che. tene ame tA0 evI saMjJA Apela che. (2) vividhakathAsaMgraha - A prata pATaNa-hemacandrAcArya bhaMDAranI antargata lIMbaDInA pADAnA bhaNDAranI che. prata kramAMka 4001 che. eka ja lekhake A saMpUrNa prata lakhI haze. paraMtu temAM le.saM. vagere noMdha thayela nathI. kadAca A kathAsaMgrahanI anya kathAo paNa munidevasUrijInI racanA hoI zake. kAraNa A kathAsaMgrahanA dRSTAnto dharmopadezamALAkAre te te zlokamAM mUkyA che. A pratanI patra saMkhyA 33 che. akSara suvAcya che. prata zuddha che. te pratane ame kA0 ovI saMjJA Apela che. kathAsaMgrahanI kathAonI noMdha : krama kathA nAma zloka patra dharmopadezamALAmAM saMkhyA AvatA te-te dRSTAntano zlo. naM. vaMkacUlakathA (saM.) 109 / 1-5B abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvya (saM.) | 201 /4B-14B 52 subhadrAkathA (saM.) 61 15A-16B damadattakathA (saM.) 23 16B-18A dattazaMkhAyanakathA (?) (saM.) 75 18A-21A 8 (?) candanabALA kathA (saM.) 122 21A-25A IlAputrakathA (saM.) 36 25A-26A 8. kUragaDu kathA (saM.) 68 R6A-29A bharatakathA (saM.) 26 29A-30A kASThamunikathA (saM.) 30A-31A 11. cAturmAsikaniyamakathA (prA.?)| |A kathA mULamAM kyAya maLI nathI. 31B-33BI JamOM 3 2. 26 , 84 2 57

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Disembara 2008 vividhakathAsaGgrahAntargatam "abhayAbhyudayamahAkAvyam" accaMtapAvabhIrU, rajjaM na layaMti dijjamANaMpi / abhayamahAsAlA iva, jiNasAsaNabhAviyamaIyA // 1 // [AryA] purA pure rAjagRhe prasena-jitAkhyayA'bhUtkSitimAnaneke / mahasvinastasya sutA babhUvuH, zrIzreNikAdyA maNayo yathA'bdheH // 1 // [upajAti] ka eSu rAjyArha iti kSitIzaH, parIkSituM pAyasabhAjanAni / anyedhureSAmazanAya paDktyA , vyamocayat te ca tato niviSTAH // 2 // bhoktuM pravRtteSu suteSu teSu, vimocayAmAsa sa sArameyAn / nezuH kumArA dhruvavaddine tu, tatra sthitaH zreNika eka eva // 3 // kSipan zunibhyaH parabhAjanAni, sa pAyasaM svaM bubhuje sukhena / tadvIkSya dadhyau nRpatirmanISI, yathA tathA'pyeSa niSetsyate'rIn // 4 // svayaM ca bhokSyatyayamAtmarAjyaM, rAjyasya yogyastadayaM pare na / dhyAtveti tebhyaH sa vibhajya dezAn, dadau sadaucityavatAM vareNyaH // 5 // zrAk zreNiko mAnavazAnirIya, bennAtaTaM nAma puraM jagAma / zrAnto vizazrAma sa tatra bhadrA-bhidhasya haTTe vaNijAM varasya // 6 / / sa krAyakairbhUrinaraistadAnIM, vihastatAM prApa vaNik tato'sya / baddhvA puTIrarpayatA vitene, sAhAyakaM bhUdhananandanena // 7 // zreSThI sa bhUyiSThamupAM vittaM, tasyA'nubhAvena tamityuvAca / adyA'tithistvaM bhavitA'si kasya, puNyAtmana: ? puNyanidhe'bhidhehi // 8 // yuSmAkameveti nizamya tasmA-dacintayadbhadra ! idaM hRdantaH / svapne'dya yo'darzi mayA sutAyA, yogyo varaH saiva samAgato'yam // 9 // dhyAtveti saMvRtya nijApaNaM sa, ninye sahaiva svagRhaM kumAram / sagauravaM gauravabhAjanasya, tasyA'tha cakre savanA'sa(za)nAdyaiH // 10 // zubhe muhUrte'tha tadIya'kanyA-mAnandakA rUpaguNAt sunandAm / udUhya bheje ramayeva viSNu-stayA samaM vaiSayikaM sukhaM saH // 11 //

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anusandhAna 46 prasenajittatra nRpaH sthitaM taM, vijJAtapUrvI praNidhi prayogAt / AhvAyayAmAsa rujAdito'tha, kramelakasthaiH puruSairjavena // 12 // amandamAndyaM pitaraM sa tebhyaH, zrutvA bhRzaM bASpabharaplutAkSaH / priyAM viyogAkulacetasaM tA-mApRcchata premaparairvacobhiH // 13 // gopAlakAH pANDurakuDyavanto, vayaM pure rAjagRhe sadA smaH / AhvAnamantrapratimAnitImAn, varNAn likhitvA'rpayati sma cA'syai // 14 // gataH puraM rAjagRhaM nanAma, tamAmayagrastatanuM sabASpaH / tuSTAttato varNagurorato'yaM, sAmrAjyadIkSAM ca javAdavApa // 15 // gate divaM tatra mahImahendre, zrIzreNiko bhUmibharaM babhAra / sAhAyakaM yasya bhujo vyadhatta, bhUbhArakhinnasya bhujaGgabhartuH // 16 // yasya pratApastapano navInaH, ko'pi prajAduHkhatamopahartA / dviDduryazorAhumiha sphurantaM, nabhastale pratyuta jagrase yaH // 17 // AgacchatA tena yadA vimuktA, nandA tadA garbhavatI babhUva / garbhAnubhAvAdabhayapradAne, tasyAstato dohada udbabhUva / / 18 / / sa pUrito'syA janakena bhUpaM, vijJapya kAle'tha nRpapriyA sA / mahaHsamUhaglapitapradIpaM, prAsUta pUrveva ravi tanUjam // 19 // yaddohado mAturamuSya jajJe, garbhe sthito'sminnabhayapradAne / mAtAmahenA'bhaya ityavAdi, tataH kumArAgrapadaH sa nAmnA // 20 // adhItavidyaH6 kramato'STavarSa-vayAH sa kenA'pi kuto'pyamarSAt / atayaMteti tvamasIha ko nu, nAmA'pi budhyeta piturna yasya // 21 // nandAsutenA'bhidadhe pitA me, bhadraH paraH prAha na te pitA'yam / tvanmAtureSo'tha yayau vilakSaH, pArvaM jananyA sa jagAda tAM ca // 22 // tAtaH kva me mAtaragAttayA'tha, bhadraH pitA'kathyata te pitA'yam / na me sutenetyuditA jagAda, bhUyo'pi niHzvasya sudIrghameSA / / 23 / / vaidezikaH kazcana mAM vivAhya, garbhasthite'tha tvayi kaizcideSaH / puMbhiH sametairvijane vidhAya, mantraM yayau kvA'pi mayAdhirUDhaH // 24 // gacchaMstadA kiM kimuvAca sa tvAM ?, pRSTA'bhayeneti tataH sunandA / tatpatrakaM darzayati sma so'pi, tadvAcayitvetyavadat prahRSTaH // 25 / /

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Disembara 2008 pitA sa me rAjagRhasya rAjA, tanmAtarantarvaha mA sma khedam / ApRcchya bhadraM tata eSa cakre, saMvAhakaM tatra yiyAsurAzu // 26|| ambAM gRhItvA'tha yayau sa rAja-gRhe pure tAM ca bahirvimucya / viveza vegAdabhayaH suvezaH, purasya madhyaM svayameka eva // 27 / / itazca sa zreNikabhUmipAlaH, svamantriNAM0 paJcazatI nirekAm / cakre cikIrSatyatha tAM caturthI - pAtreNa mantripravareNa pUrNAm // 28 // cikSepa kUpe vijale nRpaH svA-mathomikAmevamaghoSayacca / AdAsyate kaNThagato ya etAM, kareNa manmantriSu dhuryatA'sya // 29 // zrutveti tatkaNThagato vilakSo, jano jagAdeti sa pANinemAm / grahISyate candramasaM nabhaHsthaM, gRhNAti yaH kazcana bhUmikAsthaH // 30 // AgAttadAnImabhayo'pi kUpa-taTe janaM vIkSya jagAda ceti / nA''dIyate kiM nanu pANineyaM, kiM duSkaraM kiJcidihA'sti kArye // 31 // vilokya lokastamidaM hRdanta-dadhyAvayaM ko'pyatizAyibuddhiH / rAgo mukhasyA'vasare hi vakti, sphuTaM nRNAM vikramamantarastham // 32 // janastamUce tvamimAM gRhANa, bhAvI yadi tvaM nRpamantrimukhyaH / tAM gomayasyA'tha jaghAna piNDe-nA''TTaiNa mudrAmabhayo'tigADham // 33 / / jAjvalyamAnaistRNapUlakaistaM, saMzoSitaM kSiptajale tarantam / sa pANinA''dAya jagAma dhAma, bhUmIpateHsthanaropahUtaH // 34 // nRpastamAliGgya jagAda vatsa !, kutastvamAgA iha vA pure'si / praNamya sa prAha samAgato'smi, beNNAtaTAkhyAnagarAdihA'dya // 35 / / bhadrAsya ! bhadrAbhidhayA'sti tatra, dhanI tadIyA tanayA sunandA / kSemaM tayorityamunA nRpeNa, pRSTo'yamastItyavadat kumAraH // 36 / / bhadrAtmajAyAH kimapatyamasti ?, tenoditaM sUnurathA''ha rAjA / kimAkRtiH kiMguNasaMhatizca, sa vidyate ? hRdyamate ! vadeti // 37 // dRSTaH sa dRSTe mayi nAtha ! nUnamidaM nizamyA'tha nRpaH sa tasmAt / ninye tamAliGgya sutaM nijAGka, harSaM vahannuddhararomaharSaH // 38 // nRpo'tha gatvA'bhimukhaM prakRSTA-nandA sunandAM puramutpatAkam / pravezayAmAsa cakAra cainaM, sutaM pradhAna saciveSu teSu // 39 //

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anusandhAna 46 svasrA suSeNAbhidhayA nRpasya, dattAM svakanyAM pariNIya dhanyAm / nRpAtmajo'yaM patiyogajAtaM, mAtuH pramoda dviguNIcakAra // 40 // na tajjayantena harina zeSo, bhadreNa yanmadhyamalokapAlaH / sutena saMsAdhayati sma kArya, sa tena11 duHsAdya(dhya)mapi kSaNena // 41 // pradyotAdyAH kSitIndrAH kati kati na tadA santi zaktitrayADhyA steSu zlAghAM budhebhyaH kalayati purata:12 zreNikastveka eSaH / putro mantrI ca yasyA'gaNanaguNanidhirbhaktizaktipradhAno, dhatte rAjyasya bhAraM mativibhavabharAkrAntabhUpAlacakraH // 42 // [sragdharA] dAtAraM yamupAsya yAcakacamUrnAnyaM vadA'nyaM gatA, yasya nyAyavinAkRto nayanidheH putro'pyamitropamaH13 / vairizrIjayasaGgamena satataM bi[vi] bhrAjamAnastridhA, vIrazreNiziromaNivijayate zrIzreNikaH kSamApatiH // 43 // [zArdUla0] // ityabhayAbhyudayanAmni mahAkAvye prathamaH sargaH ||ch| gra. 69 a. 18 aiM namaH [dvitIyaH sargaH] itazca zrIvizAlA'sti, vaizAlIti purIvarA / tatra ceTIkRtA''rAti-nRpazceTaka ityabhUt // 1 // [anuSTup] tatsutAM cellaNAbhikhyA-mAnItAmapahatya saH / uSAmivA'niruddhaH zrI-zreNikaH pariNItavAn // 2 // bhogAMstasyA samaM bheje, rAjA so'tha yathAruci / rAjyabhAraM samAropya, putre mantriNi cA'bhaye // 3 // kapaTazrAvikIbhUyA'bhayaH15 paNyastriyaikayA / dhRtvA''nIto vizAlAyAM, pradyotasya nidezataH // 4 // tadA cA'vantinAthena, cetasIti vicintitam / sutA vAsavadattA me, yA'styaGgAravatIbhavA ||5||

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Disembara 2008 tayA yogya gurorante, zikSitAH sakalAH kalAH / gandharvaveda evaiko -'vaziSyeta guruM vinA // 6 // dhyAtveti sacivaM rAjA, papraccheti bahuzrutam / ko nAma duhiturbhAvI, gururgAndharvapAThane ||7|| prAyeNa rAjaputrINAM prAptAnAM patimandiram / vinA gItakalAM patyu - - vinode kiM bhavetparam ? // 8 // uvAca sacivaH svAmin ! sampratyudayanAbhidhaH / rAjA'sti sarvagAndharva17 - dhurINAnAM ziromaNiH ||9|| adbhutA kA'pi gAndharva kalA tasya nizamyate / yo badhnAti vane vyAlA- napi gItena mohayan ||10|| vane badhnAti sa yathA, gItopAyena kumbhina: / tathA tasyA'pyupAyo'sti, bandhe'trA''nayane'pi ca // 11 // tanvan yantraprayogeNa, kriyA gatyAsanAdikAH / kAryatAM kuJjarastatra, kiliJjaH kAnanAntare // 12 // kiliJjakarimadhyasthA:, subhaTAH zastrapANayaH / nRpaM niyantrya vizvastaM, tamAneSyanti te'ntike // 13 // taM kiliJjagajaM tena, kAritaM tadvanAntare / vanecarA vilokyA'tho- dayanAya vyajijJapan // 14 // dUraM muktvA parIvAraM, gatvA tasyA'ntikaM nRpaH / gItaM gAtuM samArebhe sa tiraskRtatumbaruH ||15|| yathA yathA jagau gItaM, madhuraM sa tathA tathA / bhaTAH karaTinaM cakru-madhyasthA nizcalAGgakam // 16 // taM gItamohitaM matvo-dayano'pi zanaiH zanaiH / upetyotplutya cA'rohat kuJjaraM narakuJjaraH ||17|| yodhairnirIya tanmadhyAd, badhyamAno'pyayaM tadA / eko' zastrazca nA'kArSI-cchekaH kimapi pauruSam // 18 // tamAnItaM puraH pradyo -to'pi bhUmipatirjagau / zikSaya tvaM mama sutAM bhadra ! gItakalAM nijAm // 19 // " 13

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14 kartavyaM samayAyAta - midamapyadhunA mayA / dhyAtvetyudayano mene, kAlakSepAya tadvacaH // 20 // jagAdojjayinIzasta-mekAkSI sA'sti me sutA / tantra vIkSyA tvayA yena tvAM vilokya trapiSyate // 21 // nRpastAmapyuvAceti, vatse ! gItakalAguruH / apazyantyA tvayA paryupAsyaH kuSThI yato'sti saH ||22|| atho javanikAntaHsthA - mimAmudayanaH sadA / zikSayAmAsa gAndharva-kalAmantaHpurasthitaH ||23|| tayA pradyotabhUbhartuH, zikSayA tau parasparam / nA'pazyatAM yatazcheko -'pyaticchekena vaJcyate ||24|| tannirdhyAnadhanA'nyedyuH, sA kanyA zUnyamAnasA | adhIte smA'nyathA sarvA:, manodhInAH kriyA yataH // 25 // kANeti tarjitA tena, kupitena jagAda sA / kuSThinaM svaM na jAnAsi ? kiM mAM kANeti bhASase ? ||26|| acinti vatsarAjena, kuSThabhAg yAdRgasmyaham / ekAkSI tAdRgeSA'pi syAttataH kiM na vIkSyate ? // 27 // apasArya tataH kANDa-paTaM meghavinirgatAm / lekhAmivaindavImeSa, kanyakAM pazyati sma tAm // 28 // taM ca vAsavadattApi, sAkSAdiva patiM rateH / praphullAkSI pramodena, subhagaM tamavaikSata // 29 // kanyAM nRpo nRpaM kanyA - 'pyavalokya smitaM tadA / mitho'nurAgasAGgatya-sUcakaM tenaturmudA // 30 // yuktaM paridadhe tAbhyAM romAJcakavacaM tadA / yataH suratasaGgrAma- samayo'bhyarNa eva hi // 31 // pradyotatanayA bADhaM, kAmarAgavazaMvadA / dUtIbhUtAtmanaiveti, vatsarAjamavocata ||32|| iyatkAlaM kalAvantaM tvAmavIkSyA'smi vaJcitA / padminIva nizIthinyAM, niyatyA pitRzikSayA ||33|| anusandhAna 46

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Disembara 2008 kalAguro ! kalAH sarvA-stvayA saGkrAmitA mayi / iyamevA'stu taddakSa !, dakSa(kSi)NA''tmasamarpaNam // 34 // iti tadvAksudhApAna-saGkrAntasvAdutAguNam / tadanUdayanaH prAha, sapramodamidaM vacaH // 35 // chadmanA yA parAbhUtiH, purA'bhUnmama vANini ! / jajJe saiva parA bhUti-stvallAbhenA'dhunA punaH // 36 / / tatraiva tasthuSoryoga-stadbhavatvAvayoH priye ! / hRtvA tvaM samaye yAsyA-myahaM nijapuraM punaH // 37 // itthaM tayoH svadautyena, yogaH kAJcanamAlayA / dhAtryA vAsavadattAyA, jJAyate sma pareNa na // 38 // vasantakena miNThena, vatsarAjasya maitryabhUt / karI nalagiriH svaira-manyadopAdravatpuram // 39 / / vihastena nRpeNA'tha, pRSTaH zreNikanandanaH / prAhetyamuM vazIkartuM, gAyatUdayano nRpaH // 40 // pradyotoktaH sutAyukto, javanyantarito'tha saH / gItaM gAyannalagiriM, vazIcakre kSaNAdapi // 41 // varaM dadau nRpastuSTo, nyAsIcakre'bhayastu tam / udyAnaM prati cA'nyedhu-zcacAlojjayinIpatiH // 42 // tadeti vatsarAjasya, mantrI yaugandharAyaNaH / pradyotarAjamAlokya, rAjamArgasthito'vadat // 43 / / yadi tAM caiva tAM caiva, tAM caivA''yatalocanAm / na harAmi nRpasyA'rthe, nA'haM yaugandharAyaNaH // 44 // bhRkuTIbhISaNaM prekSya, nRpasyA''syaM sa dhIsaH / svasyodayanagRhyatva-mapAkartuM tadAtvadhIH // 45 / / urdhva eva sa santyakta-saMvyAno vikRtAkRtiH / amUtrayannRpo'pyenaM, bhUtAviSTamamanyata // 46 / / udyAnastho narapati-draSTuM gAndharvakauzalam / kautukI vatsarAjena, yutAmAjUhavatsutAm / / 47||

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16 vatsarAjo jagau rAja - putrImiti tadA priye ! / gacchAvaH sAmprataM bhadra-vatImAruhya hastinIm ||48|| nRpo vasantakenA'thA -''nAyayattAM kareNukAm / gantuM sadhAtrikA rAja - - putrI sajjA babhUva ca // 49|| dUSyAyAM nahyamAnAyA- mibhI sA rasitaM vyadhAt / eko naimittikastacca zrutvA rasitamabravIt // 50 // kakSAyAM badhyamAnAyAM yathA rasati hastinI / , yojanAnAM zataM gatvA, tathA prANAn prahAsyati // 51 // babandha vatsarAjasya, vacasA sa vasantakaH / ibhyAmUtrasya ghaTikA -zcatasraH pArzvayordvayoH // 52 // miTho rAjasutA vatsa - rAjo ghoSavatIkaraH / dhAtrI kAJcanamAlA cA''ruruhustAM dvipIM tata: 18 // 53 // yaugandharAyaNo yAhi, yAhIti karasaJjJayA / anodayannRpaM so'pi, jughoSeti vrajaMta (sta) dA // 54 // vatsarAjo vegavatI - ghoSavatyau vasantakaH / vAsavadattA kAJcana-mAlA sArthaH prayAtyasau // 55 // gateSu teSu nRpatiH kruddho nalagiriM gajam / sannAhya tAnanupraiSId, yutaM yaudhairniSAdibhiH // 56 // ullaGghya paJcaviMzatyA, yojanaiH pramitAM bhuvam / vatsarAjastamAyAtaM, pRSThe'pazyan mahAgajam // 57 // sphoTayAmAsivAnekAM, tato mUtraghaTImayam / prerayAmAsa ca puna-rjavenaitAM kareNukAm // 58 // jighran kareNukAmUtraM, karI so'pi sthitaH kSaNam / pRSThe saJcAritazcaiSAM kaSTena mahatA tataH // 59 // adhvani sphoTayannanyA, api tAvati tAvati / ibhImUtrasya ghaTikA, gatiM sA kariNo'ruNat // 60 // sayojanazataprAnte, kauzAmbImavizat purIm / vyapadyata parizrAntA, sA'pi vegavatI dvipI // 61 // anusandhAna 46

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Disembara 2008 17 sammukhyaM yoddhamAyAntI, dRSTvodayanavAhinIm / taM gajaM vAlayitvA'gu-ravantIM te niSAdinaH // 62 // tataH prayANakAkAkSI, pradyotaH kulamantribhiH / yuktipUrvamiti proce, svasvAmihitakAGkSibhiH // 63 // varAya yasmai kasmaicid, dIyate kanyikA dhruvam / tatsamo vatsarAjena, bhAvI ko'syoM varaH paraH ? // 64 // pUryatAM yAtrayA tatte, mAnyatAM sa varo varaH / sa eva tava kanyAyA, yatkaumAraharo'jani // 65 / / tairevaM bodhito vatsa-rAjAya prajighAya saH / rAjA jAmAtRbhAvArha-manardhaM vasusaJcayam // 66 // vareNa tena tairenyai-rapi dattaistribhirnRpAt / svaM kramAnmocayAJcakre, matiyogAdathA'bhayaH // 67 // tamuvAcA'bhayo rAjaM-stvayA ninye chalAdaham / divA raTantaM pUrmadhye, tvAM tu neSyAmyasAvaham // 68|| tato rAjakumAro'gA-nijaM rAjagRhaM puram / kathamapyavatasthe ca, kaJcit kAlaM mahAmatiH // 69 // surUpaigaNikAyugma-yuto vANijaveSabhRt / avantyAM so'gamad mArgA-sannaM ca gRhamagrahIt // 70 // hastisthito gavAkSasthe, pradyotaH prekSate sma te / pradyotamete api taM, savilAsamapazyatAm // 7 // anurakto nRpaH praiSI-dantike dUtikAM tayoH / kupitAbhyAmiyaM tAbhyAM, vadhUbhyAmapahastitA // 72 / / anunetumime dUtI, dvitIye'pyahni sA'gamat / tAbhyAM tatra dine svalpa-kopAbhyAM mAnitA manAk // 73 / / anirviNNA tRtIye'pi, dine sA'rthayate sma te / tAbhyAmUce sadAcAro, bhrAtA nau bibhiya(va)stataH / / 74 / / saptame'hni samAyAte, yAte'muSmiMstato bahiH / ihA'bhyetu nRpo yuktaM, tataH saGgo bhaviSyati // 75 / /

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anusandhAna 46 abhayo'tha nijaM kaJcit, pradyotasadRzaM naram / unmattamakarottasya, pradyota iti nAma ca // 76 / / grahilo'yaM mama bhrAtA, pure bhrAmyati sarvataH / sajjIkAryo mayA'yaM ta-dityavAdIjjane'bhayaH / / 77 / / nayAmi vaidyagehe'mu-miticchadmaparo'nvaham / raTantaM maJcakArUDhaM, sa taM ninye'bhayo bahiH // 78 / / uccaiH svaraM sa conmatto, nIyamAnazcatuSpathe / pradyotaM mAM haratyeSa, ityudazrumukho'raTat // 79 // . yayau nRpo'pi tatraikaH, pracchannaM saptame'hani / babandhe cA'bhayabhaTaiH, kAmAndhaH sindhuro yathA // 80 // vaidyagehe nayAmyenaM, jalpatetyabhayena saH / jahe purasya madhyena, saparyaGko divA raTan // 81 / / pratikrozaM puro muktai-rvAjibhiH karabhairathaiH / nRpaM rAjagRhaM ninye-'bhayastaM bhayavarjitaH // 82 / / abhayaH zreNikasyA'gre, ninAyojjayinIpatim / adhAvattaM prati kruddhaH, kRSTvA'siM zreNiko nRpaH // 83 / / sambodhya magadhAdhIza-mabhayo nItivittataH / pradyotaM preSayAmAsa, satkRtya svapuraM prati // 84|| sudharmasvAmipAdAnA-mantike kazcidanyadA / pravrajyAmAdade kASTha-bhAriko bhavabhIrukaH // 85 / / viharantaM pure paurAH, pUrvAvasthA'nuvAdataH / upAhasannamuM so'pi, vihArArthe jagau gurUn // 86 // anyatrA'tha vihArAya, pRSTo gaNabhRtA'bhayaH / pRcchaMzcA'yaM vihArasya, hetuM taM jJApito'munA // 87 // sa praNamyetyayAciSTa, dinamekaM pratIkSyatAm / tadUrdhvaM bhagavatpAdai-ya'thAruci vidhIyatAm // 88 / / bhANDAgArAttataH kRSTvA, ratnakoTitrayImayam / dAsyAmyetAmeta lokAH, paTahenetyaghoSayat // 89 / /

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Disembara 2008 tatrA''yayurjanAH sarve-'pyabhayeneti bhASitAH / gRhNAtvimAH sa yo vahni, jalaM nArI ca varjayet // 10 // lokottaramidaM loke, kartuM ko nu prabhuH prabho !? / teSu vijJapayatsvevaM, bhUyo'pyabhidadhe'bhayaH // 11 // yadi yuSmAsu nedRkSaH, ko'pi ratnAnyamUnyaho ! / kASThabhArikasAdhostat, santu tattrayavarjinaH // 92 / / satyaM pAtramayaM dAna-syedRzasya mahAmuniH / dhigasmAn hasito yaiH sa, ityUcurabhayaM janAH // 93 / / munerasyopahAsAdyaM, tanna kAryamataH param / abhayAditi zikSAM te, svIkRtyA'tha janA yayuH // 94 // buddhyA svargiguruspardhI-tyabhayaH pitRbhaktibhAk / nirIho dharmamarmajJo, rAjyaM piturapAlayat // 95 / / zrAddhadharme rAjacakre, caiSa dvAdazadhA sthite / pramAdaM dUrataH kRtvA, jajAgAra divAnizam // 96 / / amandenA'pi sA tena, matibrAhmI susaGgatA / kasya citrIyate naiva, zreyaHsiddhi vitanvatI // 17 // yathA'khilaM bAhyamarAtivRndaM, matiprapaJcena sa tena tena / tathA jigAyA''ntaramapyakhinno, jitendriyatvena suduSkareNa // 98 // [upendravajrA] // ityabhayAbhyudayanAmni mahAkAvye dvitIyasargaH ||ch|| aiM namaH [tRtIyaH sargaH] caitye'nyadA guNazile trizalAtanUjaH, svAmI samAgamadamartyaniSevitAMhiH / tatrA''zu nirmitamatha tridazairyathArha, taddezanAsadanamudyadamandadhAma // 1 // [vasantatilakA]

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20 tatrA'bhayo'tha muniparSadi navyamekaM, dRSTvA muniM vinayavAmanamUrtiruccaiH / natvA jinaM viracitAJjalirityuvAca, ko nAma dhAma tapasAM munireSa nAtha !? ||2 // prAha prabhuH pravaramasti puraM pratIcyAM, vizvaprasiddhamarumaNDalamaulimauliH / hiGgvAdipaNyanivahasya mahAnidhAnaM, sthAnaM zriyAmabhaya ! vItabhayAbhidhAnam // 3 // tasya kSamAdhipatireSa udAyano'sma ddharmopadezamadhigamya bhavAdviraktaH / dadhyau dadAmi yadi rAjyamabhIcaye'haM, putrAya tannarakaduHkhamayaM labheta ||4|| evaM kRpAmayamanAstanuje'tha kezi saJjJaM vidhAya nRpameSa sutaM svajAmeH / Adatta sarvaviratiM hatakarmarAze-, rbhAvI bhavakSaya ihaiva januSyamuSya // 5 // baddhAJjaliH punarapi prayataH sunandA sUnurvyajijJapadidaM zaminAmadhIzam / rAjarSistrasamaye bhavitA'ntimaH ko ? | bhAvyeSa eva jagade jagadekabhartrA ||6|| natvA'tha nAthamabhayaH purametya bhUyaH, saMsAranATakanaTatvabhayopagUDhaH / itthaM jagAda magadhAdhipatiM vivekI, bhAlasthalapraNayipANipayojakozaH ||7|| zrIvarddhamAnajinanAyakapotavAhaM, cAritra potamadhiruhya bhavAmburAzeH / anusandhAna 46

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Disembara 2008 21 pAraM yiyAsurahamasmi dadatyanujJAM, sadyaH prasadya yadi tAtapadA idAnIm // 8 // smitvA'bhyadhatta nRpatiH sacivaM tameva(vaM) vatsa ! tvayetyabhidadhe nanu yuktameva / Adatsva kintu purato nRpatitvadIkSAM, dIkSAM gRhItumadhunA samayo mamA'yam // 9 // sa zreNikaM punaruvAca vahAmi deva ! zeSAmivA'hamanizaM zirasA tvadAjJAm / svAmI tu vItabhayapattananAyakaM me, rAjarSimantimamudAyanamAdideza // 10 // puNyodayena kRtinaM janakaM bhavantaM, devaM guruM ca jinarAjamavApya vIram / duSkarmamarmamathanaM yadi nA'dya kurve, mattastataH ka iva tAta ! paro'sti mUDhaH ? // 11 // nAmnaiva tAvadabhayo'smi bibhemi bhImA dasmAt punarbhavajaduHkhabharAdapArAt / tattAta ! mAM prahiNu yena javena yAmi, vIraM vibhuM bhavabhRtAmabhayaikadurgam // 12 // Uce nRpastadanu taM parirabhya putra !, premNA yadeti nigadAmi ruSA bhavantam / AH pApa ! yAhi parataH purato mama tvaM, dIkSAM tadA sapadi vatsa ! samAdadIthA:22 / / 13 / / vajreNa vajramiva tat kvacanA'pi vedhyA, buddhyA''tmano nRpatibuddhirasau dRDhA'pi / evaM vicintya matimAniti so'pyuvAca, tAto yadA dizati me'stu taduttamAGge // 14 // jajJe'nyadA'tha tuhinaturatIva jaitre, sthAnAni yatra parihatya parANi bASpaH /

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anusandhAna 46 ninye nizAstuhinasauptikabhIvihastaH, kAntAkucoccagiridurgabhuvaM pravizya // 15 // svaM jADyabhAramapanetumivaiti yatra, vyomni hatadrutamayaM gaganAdhvago'pi / itthaM na cet kathamaho ! paravAsaratva tulye'pi yAnti divasA laghutAM tadIyAH // 16 / / tejo raverapi kRzaM mayi sapratApe, syAt kiM tadiddhamadhunA'sya ruSA kileti / madhyAnalaM tamabhiSeNayituM cakAra, dvArANi yo'hiSu miSeNa vipAdikAnAm // 17 / / arkatviSo'ruNatayA'numitA vasanti __ mAJjiSThavAsasi ca vahnizikhe ca yatra / evaM na cedaparathA kathametadIyo, bhogastanoti jaDatAtanutAM janeSu // 18 // AgAttadA magadharAjapuraM suraGgai-(suraughai-) rAsevyamAnacaraNo gaNibhirgaNaizca / svAmI tu dustapatapaHkRtakarmamAthaH, zrImAnameyamahimAntimatIrthanAthaH // 19 // zrIzreNikastamabhinantumagAdagAdha bhaktikramo'tha saha cellaNayA'pare'hni / zuzrAva ca zrutisukhapradamAdareNa, dharmaM kukarmamathanAdamuto jinendrAt // 20 // nAthaM praNamya nagaraM prati tau nivRttA vekaM jalAzayataTe pratimAM dadhAnam / zIte patatyapi nirAvaraNaM munIndraM, jAyAvatI nayanayoratithi vyadhattAm // 21 // uttIrya puSparathatastamavandiSAtAM, sthitvA kSaNaM ca tadupAstirasena tatra /

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Disembara 2008 etasya duSkarakRtazcaritaM stuvantau, madhyaM puro vivizaturvizadAzayau tau // 22 // vAtastadA caramazailavanAt sa ko'pi __jajJe'ntarabhrakagRhaM nibhRto'pi yena / nirvANamApa sahasA tapanapradIpo, daive surakSitamapi kSayameti ruSTe // 23 / / astaM bhAsvati bhartarIva niyateogena yAte'parA, vizvastA vaniteva duHkhanicitA kRtvA vilApAvalim / kausumbhaM tyajati sma vAridhijale, sandhyA-rAgacchalAt, dhvAntenA'tha zucA kilA''zu kalitAH sarvA dizo'nyA api // 24 // [zArdUla0] jagattimirapIDitaM, nikhilametadAlokaya ___-tudItakaruNAbharastridazanAthadigmaNDanAt / nirIya jaladheH zanai-radhiruroha pUrvAcalaM, nirIkSitumivauSadhIH svayamathauSadhInAM patiH // 25 // [pRthvI] ityabhayAbhyudayanAmni mahAkAvye tRtIyaH sargaH // e~ namaH - [caturthaH sargaH] pUrvazailazirasaH zanaiH zanai-vyormamadhyamadhigatya23 candramAH / kaumudIsamudayena sarvato, lokalocanatatIramodayat // 1 // [rathoddhatA] nAzamApyata tamogajAsuraH, zambhumUrdhni vidhunA yaduddharaH / tattadIyamiva lakSma lakSata-zcarmacIvarapadasthitiM dadhau // 2 // naikamapyasahaneSu yojanaM, svIkaroti na sa vairivArabhit / dhvAntamindurupahanti tallavaM, bibhradaGkagatamaGkadambhataH // 3 // chatramekakamanaGgabhUbhujaH, sArvabhaumapadavInivedakam / bhAti bhAtizayapUritaM vidho-maNDalaM sphaTikakuNDalaM divaH // 4 //

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24 . anusandhAna 46 zreNikaH parisamApya bhUpatiH, sAndhyakAryamanivAryavIryabhUH / / vAsavezma ghanasAradhUpitaM, zizriye tadanu cellaNAsakhaH // 5 // [rathoddhatA] svaireNa saukhyaM ratijaM niSevya, dobhyA' mithastau parirabhya suptau / hasto'tha devyA bahirAvRterdrAk, nidrAzlathAzleSatayA babhUva / / 6 / / [indravaMzA] zItena tena vyathitA kare sA, bhRzaM varoruH samabhUdvinidrA / ninAya taM saMvRtimadhyameva, bhUyo'pi zItkArakarAsyapadmA // 7 // [upajAti] nirAvRti taM ca muniM tadAnIM, dhyAtvA kRpAlurvadati sa devI / mahAnubhAvaH patatIdRze hA !, zIte'tiraudre bhavitA kathaM sa: ? // 8 // itthaM vadantyeva nRpapriyA sA, bhUyo'pi nidrAsukhamAsasAda / vikalpadUrIkRtamAnasAnAM, prAyeNa nidrA sulabhA janAnAm / / 9 / / zItatrANapracalanavazA-dalpanidro narendro, nidrAmudrArahitanayano dhyAyati smA'tha nUnam / saGketorvIgatamiti naraM zocayantI svarucyaM, kiJcicchItavyathanamadhikaM tasya sambhAvayantI // 10 // [mandA0] bibhradeSa iti cetasi roSa, gopatirgamayati sma nizAntam / prAyazo bhavati vallabhajAnirnejyA virahito viduro'pi // 11 // [rathoddhatA] atrA'ntare prakaTavarNapadAM sarAgA-marNa:prapUrNaghanagarjitabhIradhIrAm / mAkapAkamadhurAM magadhaprakANDaM, vAcaM jagAda magadhAdhipabodhanAya // 12 // [vasanta0] zrIjJAtanandanavibhurbhuvanaikabhartA, devastava prathayatAt pRthumaGgalAni / tadvAkyakRjjanatatipratibodhakAri25 / ___brAmyaM muhUrtamidamastu zivAya deva ! // 13 // [vasanta0] uttuGgamaGgalamRdaGganinAdasaGgI saGgItake prasarati kSitipAlayeSu / utsaGgasaGgimRgavitrasanaM vibhAvya, bhIto jagAma caramAcalamauliminduH // 14 // sAyaM tamobharakuraGgamadena rAtrI, candrAMzucandanarasena vilepanaM yA / -

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Disembara 2008 sA samprati vyathitazItabhareNa bhItA, pUrvAGganA'ruNarucA ghusRNAGgarAgam / / 15 / / chinnAkhilAmRtakale paravArirAze rodakaM zritavati dvijanAyake'mI / zAkhAbhRtAM zikharataH khalu duHkhinaH svaM, muJcanti kAku viruvanti ca hi dvijanmAH // 16 / / kSAreNa vArddhipayasA bahunA'pyatRptaH, pAtuM nireti madhuraM jalamanyadeSaH / / zrIzAradAvalayamaNDalamadhyavartI, __ bhAnucchalena vaDavAmukhacitrabhAnuH // 17 // devastrayItanurasAviti bhAnumantaM, yuktaM purANagatatattvavido vadanti / yasya dvijA api samAgamane stuvanto, muJcanti viSTaramamI nijamIza ! pazya // 18 / / pUrvaM milanti kakubhastimireNa nIlI ___ rAgA hasanti saha candramasA kSaNena / rajyanti bAlatapanena tatastadAsAM dhik caJcalatvamiti caJcalalocanAnAm // 19 // itthaM nizamya magadhAdhipatirvisRjya, devIM virAgitamanAH svaniketanAya / AkArya cA'bhayakumAramamAtyamityA -dezaM dadAvatha bhRzAbhinivezabhISmaH // 20 // zuddhAnta eSa nikhilo'pi mayA kuzIlo, jJAtaH pradIpaya tadenamare ! javena / kAryaM tvayetyaparathA na hi mAtRmohA duktveti nAthamabhinantumayaM jagAma // 21 // so'tha svabhAvAdapi dIrghadarzI, vyacintayaccetasi tAtabhIte:26 /

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26 purA'pi jAnAmi na me jananyaH, zIlaM vilumpanti yugAtyaye'pi // 22 // [ upajAti ] tAtastvasambhAvyatamaM vikalpa - mamuM dadhau tat kimahaM karomi / puraH saritpUra ivA'viSahyaH, kopo janAnAmapi kiM nRpANAm ? ||23|| kAlakSepaH kSemahetostadasmin kAryaH kiJcitkalpayitvA'pyupAdhim / kAlakSepAt kopasaMrambha eSa, svAnte yena svAmina: zAntameti ||24|| [ zAlinI ] dhyAtvA dhImAnityayaM tatsamIpe, jIrNAM kAJcit kumbhizAlAmadhAkSIt / cakre cAmuM sarvato'pi praghoSaM, bhUpAdezAdeSa dagdho'varodhaH // 25 // itazca vIraprabhumityapRcchat, saMyojya pANI magadhAdhirAjaH / anusandhAna 46 AdizyatAM ceTakaputrikeyaM, kimekapatnI ? kimanekapatnI ? ||26|| [ upajAti ] svAmI jagAdeti narendra ! sarvA, api priyAste nanu zuddhazIlAH / smRtvA punazcellaNayetyavAdi, zIte muniM taM bhavitA kathaM saH ? ||27|| AkarNyatyanutApapUritamanA bhUpaH puraM pratyasau / yAvaddhAvati tAvadarddhasaraNA- vabhyAgataM dhIsakham / [zArdUla0 ] taM vIkSyeti jagAda kiM nu vihitA''jJA me tvayA ? so'pyavak, cakre sA nanu devazAsanamahaM nollaGghaye jAtucit // 28 // kopAruNAkSaH kSitipastatastaM jagAda pApin ! parato vrajA''zu / dagdhvA svamAtRH patito'si nA'gnau kathaM mukhaM darzayase nijaM tvam // 29 // [ upajAti] 1 , nRpo'pyanAkarNya giraM tadIyAM yayau pure'ntaHpuramakSataM tat / vilokya jIrNebhakuTIM ca dagdhA - mazaMsaduccairabhayasya buddhim ||31|| pApa ! vraja tvaM parato yadIdRk, proce'bhayaM pratyatha tadvimRzya / rAjA yayau sAntvayituM sutaM ta-matyutsukaH saMsadi vIrabhartuH ||32|| gRhItadIkSaM tamavekSya tatra, bheje viSAdena bhRzaM sa bhUpaH / athA'bhayastaM pratibodhavAkyamidaM jagAda prahatapramAdaH // 33 // narendra ! sandhAvacanaM tadAtmano vicintya cetaH kuru mA viSAdayuk / vrataM mayA''dAyi jinendrapANinA, tatastvamapyatra bhajA'numodanAm ||34|| [vaMzastha ]

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Disembara 2008 27 natvA jinaM jinamunInabhayaM ca bhaktyA, rAjA yayau puramathA'nuzayaM28 dadhAnaH / taptvA tapazciramasAvabhayo'pi zasta madhyAsta29 madhyamavimAnamanuttareSu // 35 // [upajAti] // iti abhayAbhyudayanAmni mahAkAvye caturthaH sargaH // graM. 55 a.1 ubhaya graM. - 268 akSara-29. ||ch|| pAThAntaranoMdha 1. 'jidAkhyayA' 16. 'yogyA' 2. 'dive' | 17. 'gandharva' 3. 'tadaiva' 18. '0ca sArthaH prayAtyasauM iti kA0 / 4. 'praNidhe(dhe:)' zlo. 54-55 kA. pratau na 'pratimAnavarNAn patre' iti kA. |19. 'kasyA' iti kA. 'adhInavidyaH 20. 'anarthya vastu0' 'vilakSyaH' iti kA. 21. 'sa rUpa' 'tayA'dya' 22. 'samAdadhIthAH' 9. 'maye'dhirUDhaH' 23. 'gamya' 10. 'sumantriNAM' 24. 'vivedakam' iti kA. / 11. 'sutena saMsAdhayati sma kArya, sa 25. 'vAkyavajjanaH' 12. 'parataH' 26. 'bhItaH' 13. 'putro'pi mitropamaH' 27. "vimuJcanti' 14. "tasyAH samaM' 28. 'punarathA'nuzayaM' 15. 'bhUya, bhUpaH' iti kA. / 29. 'sAdhu-radhyAsta' 7 ; tena' C/o. hArdika Dresisa 55, cakalA sTrITa, bIje mALe, mumbaI-3

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anusandhAna 46 eka phaTakaLa patra-antargata zabdayAdI kAntibhAI bI. zAha AcAryazrI zIlacandrasUrijI mahArAjane prApta thayela keTalAMka phUTakaLa patro paikInA eka patramAM koI abhyAsu jIve keTalAka apabhraMza/jUnI gujarAtInA zabdo saMgRhIta karyA che. e sAhityanA svAdhyAya-vAMcana mATe emane e upayogI jaNAyA haze. emaNe karelI zabdayAdImA pratyeka zabdanI sAme saMskRta artho ApelA che. pU. mahArAjazrIe saMskRtArthavALI A zabdayAdImAM vartamAna gujarAtImAM artha ane jarUrI lAge tyAM TippaNa ApavAnu mane soMpyu. zabdonA cokasAIbharyA gujarAtI artho meLavavA mATe, jayanta koThArI sampAdita 'madhyakAlIna gujarAtI zabdakoza'mAM patra-antargata yAdImAMnA zabdo kramazaH jovA mAMDyA. tyAre khyAla Avyo ke AmAMnA moTA bhAganA zabdo 'ma.gu.za.'mAM noMdhAyelA hatA ane te badhAM sthAnoe 'uktiratnAkara' granthano AdhAra levAyo hato. 'uktiratnAkara' graMtha zrIsAdhusundaragaNIe racyo che. kartAnA sarjanakAla I. 1624-1627nA gALAmAM enI racanA thaI che. I. 1957mAM zrIjinavijaya munie A grantha- sampAdana karyu che. A sampAdanamAM 'uktiratnAkara' uparAMta be ajJAtakartRka auktiko paNa emAM sAmela karAyA che. A kRtiomAM jUnI gujarAtI bhASAnA zabdonI samaja mATe saMskRta paryAyo apAyelA che. phUTakaLa patranI prastuta zabdayAdImAMnA saMskRta paryAyo ane 'ma.gu.za.'mAM noMdhAyelA 'uktiratnAkara'nA saMskRta paryAyonI samAnatA parathI e to nizcita thayuM ke A zabdayAdI moTe bhAge 'uktiratnAkara'nA sampAdana granthamAMthI karavAmAM AvI che. jayanta koThArIe 'uktiratnAkara' granthano 'ma.gu.za.'mAM upayoga karatI vakhate, gujarAtI artha ApavAmAM, te granthamAM apAyelA saMskRta paryAyono AdhAra lIdho che kharo, paNa badhAM sthAnomAM vyutpatti tarIke e saMskRta paryAyonI pramANabhUtatA svIkArI nathI. keTalAka saMskRta paryAyo to mULa zabdanA kRtrima

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Disembara 2008 29 saMskRtIkaraNa rUpe paNa jovA maLe che. chatAM binasaMzayAtmaka lAgelA ke anya AdhAragranthomAMthI sAMpaDatA pramANabhUta saMskRta zabdone vyutpattisthAna tarIke darzAvyA che. ahIM meM zabdayAdInA vartamAna gujarAtI artha ApavAmAM mukhyatayA 'ma.gu.za.'no AdhAra lIdho che. te uparAMta kvacit 'sArtha gujarAtI joDaNIkoza' temaja hindI zabdakozanI paNa sahAya lIdhI che. zakya banyuM tyAM vyutpatti ApI che. ane jarUrI lAgyuM tyAM TippaNI (Ti.) mUkI che. patranI zabdayAdIno krama yathAvat rAkhyo che. yAdImAM noMdhAyelA saMskRta paryAyo pratyeka zabdane cheDe corasa kauMsa [] mAM mUkyA che. mULa granthamAthI zabdayAdIno utAro karavAmAM keTalAka zabdo khoTI rIte utArAyAnuM paNa mAlUma paDyuM che. kyAMka mULa zabda ane saMskRta paryAya bhegA lakhAyelA che to kyAMka eka zabdano akSara bIjA zabdamAM sarakI gayo che. zakya banyuM tyAM AvAM sthAnoe zuddhi karI lIdhI che chatAM artha jyAM maLyo nathI ke saMskRta paryAya sAthe meLamAM lAgyo nathI ke artha apAyA chatAM saMzaya rahyo che tyAM praznArtha (?) karyo che. hou = thayu (saM. bhU parathI) [evaM havai] atha = have, AraMbha (Ti. 'atha' saMskRta zabda che.) pratyuta = kiMvA, bIjI rIte, UlaTI rIte (Ti. 'pratyuta' saMskRta zabda che.) pUThiI = pAchaLa, - nI pachI [anu] sAmahu = sAmuM(saM. saMmukhakam > sAmahau) [abhimukha DAvau = DAbo (de0) [vAma] pAdharau = sIdho, saraLa, bhalobhoLo (saM. prAdhvara; de. paddhara) [Rju, sarala] heThi = nIce [adhaH] Upari = upara [upari] ADau = ADo, vighnarUpa, aDapalo [tiryak] trIcchau = tIracho, vAMko, ADo, katarAto [tirazcInaH] (saM. tirazcIna > prA. tiriccha)

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30 anusandhAna 46 Agali AgaLa, agrasthAne, samakSa, pahelAM, have pachI (saM. agra + la) [ agre, puraH ] [pAzcAttyaH ] [sadRk ] samAna nA jevuM, sarakhuM. [atisaula] (?) tAdRkSaH = tenA jevuM, AbehUba [tAdRza: ] anesau = anokho (saM. anyAdRzaH ) [ anyasadRk, anyasadRzaH, anyasadRkSaH] [ tvAdRza: ] tUM sarIkhaU tArA jevo mUM sarIkhau = mArA jevo tumha sarIkhau amha sarIkhau arahau parahau pacchiliu pAchalo, pAchaLano (saM. pazca > paccha+la) sarIkhau nA jevo, sarakho (saM. sadRkSa :) = = - = - -- = = tamArA jevo amArA jevo najIka, ahIM, AgaLa, Ama (saM. ArAt ) dUra, tahIM, pAchaLa, pachI tema (saM. parAt / parasmin) (Ti. jUnI guja. mAM 'arahau - parahau' ane arvA guja. mAM 'arupara' ema sAmAsika zabdaprayoga vadhu pracalita che. jeno ahIMtahIM, Amatema, najIkadUra, AgaLapAchaLa evA arthasaMdarbhe vaparAza che. 'orUM' najIka e zabda sAthe arahau > arunuM uccArasAmya joI zakAze.) 1 pAravali (?) pAra pAmelo, pAraMgata, bhaNelo (?) sarvato = sarva prakAre, badhI bAjue, cotarapha (saM. sarvata: ) = = samantAt = sarvatra ugaumugau = UgomUgo jhalajhAMkhasauM = bhaLabhAMkhaLu, maLasakuM [mAdRza: ] [ yuSmAdRza: ] [avAGmukaH] (Ti. vartamAnamAM Avo zabdaprayoga pracalita nathI. 'ma.gu.za. 'nA sampAdaka A zabdane dvirukta prayoga gaNe che. ahIM apAyelo saMskRta paryAya vyutpatti tarIke asvIkArya che.) [ asmAdRza: ] [arvAk ] [parAk ] [paThita: ] [vizvak] [ samantataH ] [caladdhvAGkSam ] ,

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Disembara 2008 UMdhAdhalauM = UMdhAMdhaLaM jhAMkhuM, cUMkhaDuM, caMcaLu, maMda dRSTivALu [ udvalikam ] sUgAmaNauM = sUga upajAvanAeM, ghRNAspada (saM. 'zUka' parathI.) [sUkAjanakam ] ahivA vidhavA (saM. adhavA) [ avidhavA ] sUhava = saubhAgyavatI, saMdhavA strI (saM. sudhavA) uttariNyu = RNamukta (hiM. utarina) paDhU = jAmInagIrI ApanAra, jAmIna, jAmInadAra (saM. pratibhUH > paDahU > padU) paDUcauM = jAmInagIrImAM mUkelI vastu UpariyAmaNauM ulyu = olyuM, peluM payalau = pelo, peluM vilakhau DaharavAra 1= tAMgaliNI = = ? = === udAsa, karamAI gayeluM, phikkuM (saM. vilakSa) (Ti. 'ma.gu.za. 'mAM Dahara maLavisarjana karavuM te. (Ti. 'ma.gu.za. 'mAM 'tAMgaNI' che.) goIgosalI ? [pratibhAvyam ] vyAkulatA, kheda, ciMtA [ utkalikAkulaM raNaraNakaM vA] [arvAcIna ] (?) [parAcInau ] (?) [ vilakSa: ] [ jayadrathavelA ] (?) khAbociyuM (saM. dahara :) maLe che.) [ tanugamanikA ] = puJjo = Dhagalo (saM. puJja) caukIvaTu = bAjoTha, besavAnI pATa (saM. catuSkapaTTa:) vaTavAlanaDaM = voLAviyApaNuM behaDauM = beDuM gUDhauM = chAnuM, gheruM, na samajAya tevuM (saM. guhya) khisarahaMDI ? (Ti. 'ma.gu.za. 'mAM arvA guja. artha aMge praznArtha che.) UkaraDI = nAno UkaraDo, vivAha prasaMge kacaro pUMjo nAkhavAnI jagA. (de. ukkaraDI) 31 [sudhava ] [uttAritaRNam ] [pratibhU] [ gopyazilAkA ] [ avakarotkaritA ] [ avakaraH ] [ catuSkapaTTaH ] [vartmapAlanaM ] [dvighaTam ] [gudagUDham ] [kSiprasarahiMDikA ]

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anusandhAna 46 (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.' mAM zabda noMdhAyela che, paNa arvA. guja. artha paratve praznArtha.) urasauM = ? [vagharSaH] (?) vesarad = ? [vizarIrI] (?) arataparata bApa sarIkhau = AkRtie prakRtie bApanA jevo. ___ (saM. 'ArAt parAt' parathI) [AkRtyA prakRtyA pitAsadRzaH] agevANu = AgevAna, AgaLa rahenAra, mokharA- (saM. 'agra' parathI) [agrenIkaH] pachevANu = pAchaLa rahenAra, pAchaLa rahevU te. [pazcAdanIkam] vUsaTa = tamAco - [capeTA] cUhuNTI = ? [cuJcapaTikA] (?) kAvaDi = kAvaDa (de.) [kAyATanA, kAyavilinI] garaDhau = gharaDo, vRddha (saM. jaraTha) [gatArthavayaH] vacchIyAta = ADatiyo [vastuvittaH] nIka = pANI javAno mArga | [nIrAkSA] (Ti. 'nIka' saMskRta che. paNa 'nIka'no bIjo artha 'hAthapaga dukhavAno ke khaMjavALano roga' paNa thAya che. (saM. nIraktA parathI.) 'ma.gu.za.'mAM 'uktira0'no A zabda banne arthamAM noMdhAyelo che.) usalasIMdharaM = ? [ullAsitasandhikam ke utazalaMdhra] (?) (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM A zabda 'uktira0' mAMthI 'UsalasIdhu' rUpe noMdhAyelo che. arvA. artha aMge praznArtha.) vegaDi = sIdhAM khullAM moTAM ziMgaDAMvALI gAya, uttama prakAranI gAya. (saM. 'vikaTa' parathI.) [vikaTazRGgI] mIDhI = vAMkAM ziMgaDAMvALI [militazRGgI] kuNDalI = kuMDALu-gUcaLu vaLelA ziMgaDAMvALI [kuNDalitazRGgI] lipasaNauM = lapasaNuM [lipsAyanam] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM A artha aTakaLe apAyo che.)

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Disembara 2008 vahalI = vasUkI gayelI [vItavetrA] paTAntaram = paDado, antarAya, bheda [pratyantaram] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM A zabda 'paTAMta' ema noMdhAyelo che.) vihAjAharI (?) = ? [vijayagRhA] (?) koThauM = koTho, oraDo [koSThakaH] Dokara = vRddha, gharaDo (de. Dokkara) [DolatkaraH] chekaDI = chekavAnuM sAdhana ke chidra pADavAnuM sAdhana. [chidrakarI] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.' A arthane temaja ahIM apAyelA saMskRta paryAyane saMzayAtmaka gaNe che.) sIrAmaNu = bhAtuM, savArano nAsto [zItAzanam, zarIrAppayakaM vA] sauDI = rajAI, soDa [saMvRtapaTI] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.' 'sauDI' ne dezya zabda gaNe che.) sIrakha = rajAI, godaDI (Ti. rAjasthAnamA pracalita) [zItarakSA tulAI = taLAI, gAdaluM [tUlikA] usIsauM = ozIkuM (saM. ucchIrSakam) [upadhAnam] ? [zilAghaTikaH] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM 'uktira0'mAMthI ja A zabda 'silAvaTau' rUpe noMdhAyelo che ane enI vyutpatti che saM. zilAvartmakaH) khaNDAyatu = talavAradhArI [khaDgavittaH] jacchAyatu (?) = bhAthAdhArI [tUNavittaH] (Ti. ahIM saMskRta paryAyanA 'tUNa' zabdane AdhAre arvA. artha Apyo che.) pUNI = ? [picumardI] ADaNa = aMgazobhA, aMgamaNDana [aGgamaNDanam] khaDokhalI = krIDA mATenI vAva, hoja, kuNDa. [dIrghikA] (de. khaDu + okhalI) silATa - salATa

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34 anusandhAna 46 bagAI = bagAsuM [jRmbhikA] cIpaDau = capaTuM ? [cipaTa:] (Ti. 'sArtha joDaNIkoza' 'cIpahuM'nI vyutpatti prA. cippaDa (= capaTuM) Ape che. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM 'uktira0' mAMthI 'cIpaDIu, cIpiDau' zabda noMdhAyela che. eno arvA. guja. artha 'eka jherI jIvaDuM' maLe che. (saM. cipiTakaH) gUMhalI = garoLI [gomukhA] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'ne A artha vize saMzaya che.) kosIDha(Ta?)u = rezamano kIDo ? [koSasamRddhaH] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM 'uktira0'no 'kosITau' zabda che. artha 'rezamano kIDo, ey kokaDu' maLe che. tyAM saMskRta paryAya 'koSasthaH' apAyo che.) caNahaTI = koI prANInAma ? [caNakapravartakaH] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM A zabda 'caNahaDIu' rUpe 'uktira0'mAthI noMdhAyelo che. ane tyAM eno saMskRta paryAya 'caNakavartakaH' apAyo che.) lauMkaDI = loMkaDI (de. luMkaDI) [lomakaTikA] savAra = zIghra, saveLA [savelA] kAlAkhariu = dhImethI akSara zIkhanAra, vAMcatAM zIkhavAnuM zarU ja karyu hoya tevo. (saM. kAlAkSarikaH) [kRSNAkSaritaH] dANIghaNIu = devAdAra, karajadAra [RNataH] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.' mAM A zabda 'dANI (ghaMNI), dANIgaNi' tarIke noMdhAyelo che.) troTI = kAnanuM eka ghareNuM (rA.) [tripuTI] ajUyAtauM = ? [udmadyamAnam] (?) (Ti. 'ajUyAlauM' zabdanI saMbhAvanA. to eno artha 'ujALAyelu' thAya. (saM. ujjvAlayitum)

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Disembara 2008 UgaDau = ? [uhadaH] bayakAru = gAnAra (saM. vAg+geyakAra, prA. vaikAra) [goyakAru] ciNoThI = caNoThI (de. ciNoTThi) [citrapRSTA] aDaka = ? [aparAkSA] (?) (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM 'aDakadaDaka' zabda maLe che, jeno artha 'daDI javAya- gabaDI paDAya' thAya che.) DhAkaNauM = DhAMkaNa ? DhAMkatuM te ? [chAganakam] sUNaharauM = zayanagRha [zayanagRham] pAtharapuM = pAtharavA mATe jADaM kapaDUM, jAjama [prasUraNam] uDhaNauM = oDhaNuM, strIne oDhavAnuM vastra (de. oDDhaNa) [AcchAdanam] naNaMda = varanI bahena (saM. nanAndR > prA. NaNaMdA) [nanandA] naNadoI = naNaMdano pati [nanAndRpatiH] jamAI = putrIno pati [jAmAtA] nANidrau = naNaMdano putra (saM. nAnAndraH, rA.nAMNadau) [nanAndRsutaH] bhatrIjo = bhAIno putra (saM. bhrAtRvya > prA. bhattijja) [bhrAtRjaH] parIyaTu = dhobI (de. pariaTTa) [nirnejakaH] chIpau = kapaDAM raMganAro, chIpo (de. chipaya) [rajakaH] kautigIu = kautuka-navAI pamADanAra [kautukika:] phirakaH = phirakI [sphuritacakrikA] pATuvyAlI = pAdaprahAriNI, pATu mAratI [pAdaprahAravatI] (Ti. 'ma. gu. za.'mAM 'uktira0'no A zabda 'pATUAlI' rUpe noMdhAyelo che.) paramUNau = parama divasa- (saM. paramadivasIya) [paramadiva] parokauM = pAchalA varSe ? [prAkvarSAyAm] (Ti. A arthamAM taLapado zabda 'pora' vaparAzamAM che.) saralau = dIrgha, pralamba (saM. sarala+ka) [dIrghaH]

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36 anusandhAna 46 ghaDau = ghaDo [ghaTa:] ughaDahU = ? [ugghaTu] (?) kahuAlauM = kolAhala [kolAhalaH] araNai = arati, asukha, pIDA, zoka, cintA [aratiH ] molIuM = sApho, pheMTo (saM. 'mauli' parathI) [mUIveSTanam] parivAriuM = pAra paDAeluM ? ATopAyeluM ? [prapAritam] pAlaTau = palaTo, parivartana | [parivarta] pAlaTiGa = palaTAyekheM, parivartana pAmelu [parivartitaH] viharau = vahero, AMtaro, taphAvata (saM. vyavahAra) [vyatikaraH] bApaDo = bApaDo, bicAro, rAMka (de0 bappa) [varAkaH] (Ti. 'ma.gu.za.'mAM A zabda 'prA.gu.kA.'mAMthI 'bappuDau, bApuDau' rUpe noMdhAyelo che.) lagADiu = lagADAyeluM ? [lAgitaH] pAlau = page cAlato, pALo [pAdavAraH] sohilaM = sukhabharyu, sukhadAyaka (saM. 'sukha' parathI) [sukhAvaham] dohilaGa = duHkha ApanAlaM, dohyaluM, kaparUM [duHkhAvaham] (saM. duHkha + illa) ruliyAmaNo = raLiyAmaNo, sundara (de. ralI-parathI) [ratijanakaH] udegAmaNauM = udvega pedA karanAraM [udvegajanakam] rAutAI = rAjapUtapaNuM, vIratva (saM. rAjaputra-parathI) [rAjaputratA] asauNiu = apazukaniyALa, apazukana pAmelo [apazakunitaH] aMboDau = aMboDo [dhammila] vINi = veNI, coTalo [veNI]

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Disembara 2008 37 jaina zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAna : eka samIkSA DaoN. kaumudI sunIla baladoTA prastAvanA zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke mandiramArgI, sthAnakavAsI tathA terApaMthI tInoM sampradAyoM meM nityapATha ke AvazyakasUtra meM zrAvakavratoM ke aticAroM meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / pandraha karmAdAnoM ko unake sambandhita vivaraNAtmaka granthoM meM niSiddha vyavasAyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA svarUpa, unakI saMkhyA, ye vyavasAya karanevAle vyAvasAyika Adi ke bAre meM mana meM jijJAsA utpanna huI tathA anake prazna bhI uThe / inakA mUlagAmI zodha lete hue jo aneka tathya sAmane ubharakara Ae, usakI samIkSA isa zodhalekha meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| karmAdAnasambandhI AdhArabhUta grantha : / pA~caveM ardhamAgadhI aMgagrantha bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) ke AThaveM zataka ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM AjIvikasiddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| AjIvika jina kriyAoM ko niSiddha mAnate haiM aisI prAyaH pazusambandhita kriyAoM kI ginatI vahA~ kI gayI hai / usake anantara jaina zrAvakoM dvArA varjanIya pandraha karmAdAnoM kA nirdeza hai / vizeSa lakSaNIya bAta yaha hai ki bhagavatI meM karmAdAnoM ko zrAvakavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA hai tathA TIkAkAra ne bhI zrAvakavrata ke aticAra se isakA sambandha nahIM joDA hai / sAtaveM ardhamAgadhI aMgagrantha upAsakadazA kA viSaya zrAvakAcAra hI hai / pahale 'AnandazrAvaka adhyayana meM bAraha zrAvakavratoM ke antargata dvitIya guNavrata svarUpa sAtaveM upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA nirdeza hai / kahA hai ki, 'kammao NaM samaNovAsaeNaM paNarasa oNla iMDiyA orieNTala kaoNnpharansa (AIOC) adhivezana 44, kurukSetra, julai 2008 meM paDhA gayA zodhapatra.

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38 anusandhAna 46 kammAdANAI jANiyavvAiM, na samAyariyavvAiM, taM jahA - iMgAlakamme vaNakamme sADIkamme bhADIkamme phoDIkamme daMtavANijje lakkhavANijje rasavANijje visavANijje kesavANijje jaMtapIlaNakamme nillaMchaNakamme davaggidAvaNayA saradahatalAyasosaNayA asaIjaNaposaNayA / 2 ardhamAgadhI mUlasUtra 'Avazyaka' meM chaTheM pratyAkhyAna adhyayana meM bhI upAsakadazA ke samAna hI karmAdAnoM kA vivaraNa hai / 3 tattvArthasUtra ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke solahaveM sUtra ke bhASya meM, azanapAna Adi kA parimANa karane ke lie kahA hai / svopajJa bhASya meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA meM bhASya ke AdhAra se 'Adi' zabda ke antargata pandraha karmAdAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / vahA~ spaSTa kahA hai ki, 'pradarzanaM caitad bahusAvadyAnAM karmaNAM, na parigaNanamityAgamArthaH / ' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ke kAla meM (lagabhaga pA~cavI sadI) 15 karmAdAnoM kI kalpanA dRDhamUla nahIM thI / lekina siddhasenagaNi ke kAla taka (lagabhaga AThavI-navamI sadI) pandraha karmAdAnoM kI dhAraNA, upadeza tathA pravacanoM ke dvArA dRDha hotI calI hogI / isI vajaha se unhoMne pandraha karmAdAnoM kA parigaNana sarvasamAvezaka na hone kA jikra kiyA hogA / AcArya haribhadra ne AThavI zatAbdI meM jaina mahArASTrI bhASA meM zrAvakadharma kA vivecana karanevAle zrAvakaprajJapti tathA zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa nAma ke do svatantra grantha likhe haiM / tathA paMcAzaka aura paMcavastuka ina granthoM meM bhI zrAvakavratoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ina sabhI granthoM meM unhoMne bhI pandraha karmAdAnoM kA aticAra ke rUpa meM hI prarUpaNa kiyA hai / tathApi spaSTataH uddhRta kiyA hai ki, 'bhAvArthastu vRddhasampradAyAdeva avaseyaH / 4 pandraha karmAdAnoM kI ginatI sarvasamAvezaka nahIM hai, yaha darzAnevAlA tattvArthasUtrabhASya kI siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA kA hI uparokta vAkya haribhadra ne uddhRta kiyA hai / karmAdAnoM kA suvistRta vivecana zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra kI ratnazekharasUrikRta TIkA meM upalabdha hai / ina pandraha karmAdAnoM se jur3e hue bahutase vyavasAyoM

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Disembara 2008 kA vistRta vivecana ratnazekharasUri ne kiyA hai| vivecana ke bIca 'manusmRti', 'parajanoM ke dvArA kiyA huA niSedha' tathA 'laukikoM dvArA inakA mahApAtakatva' bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / anta meM anyAnya 'kharakarmoM' kA bhI nirdeza hai / antimataH sarvAMgINa vratapAlana kI phalazruti bhI dI hai / " isa samagra vivecana ke Upara brAhmaNa paramparA kA prabhAva spaSTataH dikhAyI detA hai / pandraha karmAdAnoM kA svarUpa : ( a ) karmAdAna zabda kA artha : bhagavatIsUtra kI TIkA ke anusAra, 'kammAdANAI' ti karmANi jJAnAvaraNAdInyAdIyante yaistAni karmAdAnAni athavA karmANi ca tAnyAdAnAni ca karmAdAnAni karmahetava iti vigrahaH / 6 arthAt aise karma athavA vyApAra jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA prabala bandha hotA hai / 39 bhagavatI meM spaSTa likhA hai ki ina karmAdAnoM kA sevana zrAvakoM ko na svayaM karanA cAhie, na dUsaroM se karAnA cAhie aura na karanevAle anya kisI kA anumodana yA samarthana karanA cAhie / 7 (ba) pandraha karmAdAnoM kA spaSTIkaraNa : pandraha karmAdAnoM kA spaSTIkaraNa zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra kI TIkA meM nimnalikhita prakArase hai 1 (1) iMgAlIkamma ( aGgArakarma ) : kASThadAha se aMgAra banAnA, koyalA banAnA, bhADa meM IMTeM pakAnA, kumbhakAra, lohakAra, suvarNakAra Adi ke karmoM ko bhI aGgArajIvikA kahA hai / (2) vaNakamma ( vanakarma) : vana se sambandhita patra, puSpa, phala, kanda, mUla, tRNa, kASTha tathA bAMsa Adi kA vikraya karanA, vanoM ko bADa lagAnA, bastI Adi ke lie jaMgala sApha karanA, jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, dhAnya pIsanA Adi / (3) sADIkamma ( vanakarma) : zakaTa arthAt bailagADI, ratha Adi banAkara becane kA dhandhA karanA / (4) bhADIkamma ( bhATakakarma) : pazu, baila, azva Adi ko bhATaka

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40 (bhADe) para dene kA vyApAra karanA / (5) phoDIkamma (sphoTakakarma) : yava, caNaka, godhUma, karaDa Adi se sattU, dAlI, piSTa aura karamba Adi banAnA / kuA~, sarovara Adi ke nirmANa ke lie khAna khodanA, patthara phoDanA, Adi vyavasAya karanA / (6) daMtavANijja ( dantavANijya ) : hAthI ke dAMta, ullU ke nakha, haMsa ke paMkha, hirana - vyAghra Adi kA carma, zaMkha, zukti, kasturI Adi kA vyApAra karanA / anusandhAna 46 (7) lakkhavANijja ( lAkSAvANijya ) : lAkSA, dhAtakI, nIlI, manaHzilA, haritAla, paTavAsa, TaMkaNa, kSAra Adi kA vikraya karanA / (8) rasavANijja ( rasavANijya ) : madhu, madya, mAMsa, mrakSaNa, dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, taila Adi kA vikraya karanA / (9) kesavANijja (kezavANijya ) : dAsa-dAsI evaM pazu Adi jIvita prANiyoM ke kraya-vikraya kA dhandhA karanA / (10) visavANijja (viSavANijya) : viSa kA vikraya karanA tathA khaDga, kuddAla, hala Adi zastroM kA vikraya karanA / (11) jaMtapIlaNakamma ( yantrapIDanakarma) : Ukhala - musala, arahaTTa Adi kA vikraya karanA, ikSu- sarSapa Adi se taila nikAlakara vikraya karanA tathA jalayantra Adi banAkara vikraya karanA / (12) nillaMchaNakamma (nirlAJchanakarma ) : baila Adi ke zRMga-puccha Adi toDanA, nAsAvedha karanA, pazuoM kI tvacA para dAha karanA, baila Adi ko napuMsaka banAnA ina saba karmoM kI ginatI yahA~ kI hai / (13) davaggidAvaNayA ( davAgnidApana ) : bhIla Adi vanoM ko davAgni dekara khuzI se rahate haiM / jamIna ko upajAU banAne ke lie jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, jalAnA Adi kharakarmoM kA samAveza isameM kiyA hai| (14) saradahatalAyasosaNayA ( saradrahataDAgazoSaNa ) : bIja bone ke lie tAlAba, jhIla, sarovara, nadI Adi jalAzayoM ko sukhAnA /

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Disembara 2008 (15) asaIjaNaposaNayA (asatIjanapoSaNa) : dhana kamAne ke lie aura vyabhicAravRtti ke lie vezyA, dAsI, napuMsaka Adi kA poSaNa krnaa| zuka-sArikA-mArjAra-kukkuTa-markaTa-zvAna-zUkara Adi kA poSaNa karanA / iMgAlI Adi karmAdAnoM se agnikAyika Adi ekendriyoM kI tathA sabhI SaDjIvanikAyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / isalie ye karma niSiddha mAne gaye karmAdAnoM ke svarUpa kI samIkSA : ina pandraha meM se danta-rasa-lakkha-visa aura kesa ina zabdoM ke sAtha hI 'vANijya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / bAkI sabako sirpha 'karma' kahA hai| isase zAyada yaha sUcita hotA hai ki niSiddha vyavasAya ke rUpa meM ye pA~ca hI pramukhatA se apekSita hai| sAmAnyataH pandraha karmAdAnoM ko upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| anya zrAvakavratoM ke bhI pA~ca pA~ca aticAroM kI ginatI kI gayI hai| udAharaNa ke taura para sAmAyikavrata ke aticAra meM kahA hai ki agara sAmAyika karate samaya hama yaha bhUla gaye ki hama sAmAyika kara rahe haiM aura anya vicAra tathA kAma karane lage to yaha sAmAyikavrata kA aticAra huA / isapara kyA upAya hai? jaba hameM khuda kA doSa mahasUsa huA to hama pratikramaNa Adi karake usa doSa se nivRtta ho sakate haiM aura svasvarUpa meM sthita ho sakate haiM / lekina karmAdAnoM ke bAre meM isa prakAra kI prakriyA hama nahIM kara skte| agara hamArA ikSurasa banAne kA vyavasAya hai to hameM jAnanA cAhie ki yaha 'yantrapIDanakarma' hai / samajho ki hameM yaha saca mAlUma huA to pratikriyArUpa usa vyavasAya ko hI hamezA ke lie chor3a de yA hararoja usakA pratikramaNa karate raheM? isa prakAra bahuta sAre karmAdAnoM ko 'aticAra' rUpa lene meM aDacaneM paidA hotI haiM / ve sulajhAne kA digdarzana isa zrAvakAcAra se nahIM milatA /

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42 anusandhAna 46 * lakar3iyoM kA vyavasAya, saMgamaramara kA vyavasAya, dAla banAne kA vyavasAya Adi vyavasAya jaina loga pIDhiyoM se karate A rahe haiM / ina vyavasAyoM meM ve lakaDI Adi dUsaroM se kaTavAte haiN| lekina karavAnA aura anumati denA, ye donoM to unako karanA hI par3atA hai / isalie tIna karaNa se aticArarahita honA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI bAta bahuta sAre vyavasAyoM ke bAre meM kahI jA sakatI hai| koyalA banAnA, tela nikAlanA, auSadhI banAnA Adi vyavasAya niSiddha mAne haiM / jaina gRhastha ko koyalA (Adhunika kAla meM raoNkela, gaeNsa ityAdi), tela Adi kA upayoga rasoI banAne ke lie to karanA hI paDatA hai / isase yaha niSpanna hotA hai ki agara koyalA, tela Adi dUsaroM ne banavAyA to jaina zrAvaka vaha cIjeM upayoga meM lA sakate haiN| matalaba yaha huA ki usameM nihita hiMsA ke bhAgIdAra hama nahIM bananA cAhate / dUsaroM dvArA banAyI gayI cIjoM kA agara hama istemAla kara sakate haiM to khuda ko una cIjoM ko banAne kA yA becane kA niSedha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA / kisI bhI hiMsaka vRtti ke AdhAra para banAyI huI cIja agara hama pUrI hI tyaja deM to usakA vyavasAya niSiddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaise ki hastidaMta, mRgAjina, rezama Adi kA jaina loga sAmAnyataH tyAga karate haiM to unapara AdhArita vyavasAyoM ko niSiddha mAnanA ThIka hai / lekina hama zakkara, guDa, ATA, tela Adi saba roja istemAla karate haiM to usapara AdhArita vyavasAya niSiddha nahIM mAne jA sakate / ina karmAdAnoM meM 'kRSi' kA nirdeza nahIM hai / lekina hala, kudAla, jalayantra Adi kRSi ke aujAroM kA nirdeza hai / bha. RSabhadeva ke dvArA asi, masi, kRSi kA praNayana hone kI paramparA hone ke kAraNa isameM kRSi kA samAveza nahIM kiyA gayA hogaa| 'paramparA se pandraha karmAdAnoM kI jo sUci calatI AyI hai vaha sarvasamAvezaka nahIM hai' - isa tathya ko haribhadrasUri, siddhasenagaNi,

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Disembara 2008 ratnazekharasUri jaise AcArya acchI taraha jAnate haiM / agara isa prakAra niSiddha vyavasAya anaginata haiM to unakI 'pandraha' saMkhyA nirdhArita karanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / sAkSAt paMcendriyoM ke vadha para AdhArita vyavasAya na karane kA saMketa diyA hotA to vaha bhI kAphI hotA thA / Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki matsyavyavasAya, kasAIkhAnA calAnA Adi vyavasAyoM kA inameM niSedha ke taura para nirdeza nahIM hai| isakI sambhAvanA to yaha hogI ki ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa koI bhI jainadharmI ise svAbhAvikatA se hI niSiddha samajhatA hogA / isI vajaha se alaga ginatI kI jarUrI nahIM lagI hogI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM samAja ke sAmAnya stara ke kaI loga unake saMparka meM Ae / lakaDahAre, kumhAra, sunAra Adi ke ullekha AgamoM meM pAye jAte haiM / 9 AcArAMga meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ina saba logoM ke nivAsasthAna meM yA unake najadIka bha. mahAvIra Thaharate bhI the / 10 inameM se kaI logoM ne zrAvakadIkSA bhI grahaNa kI thI / inameM se kisI ko bhI bha. mahAvIra ne unake niSiddha vyavasAya tyajane kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / isa Agamika pramANa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM ina pandraha karmAdAnoM kI mAnyatA pracalita nahIM thI / koI bhI dharmapracAraka agara dharmAntara ke samaya logoM ko unakA paramparAgata vyavasAya choDane ko kahe to dharmaprasAra meM jarUra bAdhA utpanna hogI / bha. mahAvIra ke kAla meM to jaina dharma kA prasAra kAphI mAtrA meM huA thA / yaha eka sAmAjika tathya hai ki jisa jisa samaya jaina samAja para hindudharma kA prabhAva baDhatA gayA usa samaya jaina AcAra meM hindu samAja meM pracalita mAnyatAoM kA jora baDhatA gayA / prAyaH sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka hindu dharma kI jAtyAdhAra varNavyavasthA kA prabhAva jainoM para bhI paDA hogA / isI vajaha se brAhmaNoM ne jinako zUdroM ke tathA atizUdroM ke vyavasAya mAne the, unako jaina

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44 anusandhAna 46 paramparA ne bhI nimna darje ke vyavasAya samajhakara niSedha kiyA hogaa| manusmRti ke anusAra sutAra, luhAra, kumhAra, svarNakAra logoM ko zUdra mAnA hai tathA cANDAla jaise logoM ko atizUdra mAnA hai / isI vajaha se iMgAlI, vaNa, danta, lAkSA, nillaMchaNa, davaggidAvaNayA Adi vyavasAya niSiddha vyavasAyoM ke taurapara mAne gaye hoMge / varNavyavasthA ke anusAra 'vaizya varNa' zUdra aura atizUdroM se ucca mAne gaye haiM / yahI dhAraNA pakaDakara zUdroM dvArA kiye gaye vyavasAyoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hogA / zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra meM to sAkSAt manusmRti kA hI ullekha kiyA hai - sadyaH patati mAMsena, lAkSayA lavaNena ca / tryaheNa zUdrIbhavati, brAhmaNaH kSIravikrayAt // jaba taka yaha vyaktiniSTha aura choTe paimAne para calanevAle vyavasAya the taba taka ThIka thA / lekina Aja vividha yantroM kI, kArAgiroM kI madada se jaba hareka choTe vyavasAya kA udyoga (Industry) banane jA rahA hai taba ina vyavasAyoM kI ora uccanIcatA kI dRSTi se dekhane kI bhAvanA naSTa hotI jA rahI hai / isalie Adhunika pariprekSya meM zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI saMkalpanA kA aucitya prAyaH luptaprAya hI hai| prAcInatama jaina AgamoM meM gRhasthoM ke lie jo SaTkarma batAe~ haiM unameM asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA aura vANijya ke atirikta zilpa kA bhI ullekha hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM bahattara kalAoM ke nAma bhI die haiM / 11 agara ina sabakA pracalana jaina samAja meM hogA to pandraha karmAdAnoM ko usameM koI avakAza hI nahIM hai| ye pandraha karmAdAna kaI bAra anyonyAzrita ho jAte haiM / isI vajaha se sandigdhatA bhI paidA hotI hai / 'rasavANijja' aura 'jaMtapIlaNa' inameM bheda karanA kaThina hai| yantrapIDana ke binA kisI bhI prakAra kA rasa yA tela saMbhava nahIM hai / vyavasAya ke taurapara yantrapIDana

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Disembara 2008 atyAvazyaka hI hai / Ikha se guDa yA zakkara banAne ke lie Ikha kA yantrapIDana Avazyaka hai / tela nikAlane ke lie bhI yantrapIDana Avazyaka hai| rasavANijya meM mukhyataH madya kI ginatI kI hai| jaba sapta vyasanoM meM madya kA niSedha spaSTataH kiyA hai to yahA~ rasavANijya meM use antarbhUta karanA aTapaTA sA lagatA hai / rasavANijya agara niSiddha mAnA jAe to Adhunika pariprekSya meM sabhI prakAra ke jyUsa, jAma, jelI aura usapara AdhArita kaI vyavasAya saba niSedha kI koTi meM A jAyeMge / isa prakAra bahuta sAre vyavasAya niSiddha koTi meM DAlanA aucityapUrNa bhI nahIM hai aura vyAvahArika bhI nahIM hai / prAsuka bhikSA ke rUpa meM bha. RSabhadeva ne Ikha kA rasa grahaNa karane kI vidhi granthoM meM varNita hai| agara Ikha kA rasa svIkArya hai to usapara AdhArita vyavasAya niSiddha mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| isI prakAra. 'davaggidAvaNayA' kA samAveza 'iMgAlakamma' aura 'vaNakamma' meM ho sakatA hai / 'sADIkamma' ko agara Adhunika pariprekSya se dekhA jAe to usameM sabhI prakAra ke vAhana banAne kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / purAne jamAne meM zAyada vAhanaprayoga se honevAlI hiMsA kA jikra karake vAhanaprayoga kA niSedha kiyA hogA / lekina purAne jamAne se hI jaina zrAvako ke dUra dUra ke dezoM meM jAkara vyApAra karane ke varNana AgamoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isalie zakaTakarma kA niSedha karanA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| vAhana, makAna Adi bhADe se dene kA vyavahAra purAne jamAne se hI jainoM meM pracalita hai / tathA paise byAjapara dene kA jaina samAja kA pIDhIjAta dhandhA hai| isa paristhiti meM 'bhATIkarma' ko niSiddha vyavasAya mAnanA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| zrAvaka svadArasantoSavrata kA pAlana karatA hai isalie vezyAvyavasAya .

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46 anusandhAna 46 kA usake lie niSedha karanA tarkasaMgata lagatA hai| zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra meM zuka, sArikA, kukkuTa, mayUra, zvAna Adi kA ghara meM poSaNa na karane kA vidhAna isI karmAdAna ke antargata kiyA hai| Aja bhI kukkuTapAlana, matsyapAlana, azvapAlana Adi vyavasAya sAmAnyataH jainiyoM dvArA nahIM kiye jAte tathA ghara meM bhI totA, billI, kuttA Adi pAlane kI prathA kama hai / tiryaMcayonika jIvoM ko bandhana meM na DAlane kA saMketa jo isa karmAdAna meM nihita hai usIke prabhAva se jaina AcAra meM isa prakAra ke tiryaMcoM kA pAlana nahIM apanAyA hogA / digambara granthoM meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI parigaNanA kA abhAva : ardhamAgadhI yA jaina mAhArASTrI bhASA meM likhe hue zvetAmbara granthoM kI tulanA se digambara granthoM meM zrAvakAcAra ke Upara jyAdA mAtrA meM grantha upalabdha haiM / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kA apavAda choDakara prAyaH sabhI grantha saMskRta meM haiM / ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, puruSArthasiddhyupAya, yazastilakacampU, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta, dharmasaMgraha, zrAvakAcAra, lATIsaMhitA, Adi grantho ke nirIkSaNa ke bAda yaha tathya sAmane AyA kI unameM pandraha karmAdAnoM yA niSiddha vyavasAyoM kI ginatI kahIM bhI prastuta nahIM kI gayI hai / sAgAradharmAmRta grantha meM pandraha karmAdAnaviSayaka ullekha nimna prakAra se hai iti kecinna taccAru loke sAvadyakarmaNAm / agaNyatvAtpraNeyaM vA tadapyatijaDAn prati // 12 lATIsaMhitA meM ahiMsA aNuvratadhAraka zrAvakoM ko kaunase vyavasAya TAlane cAhie isakA digdarzana kiyA hai| phira bhI zvetAmbara sAhitya kI taraha pandraha karmAdAnoM kI gaNanA nahIM kI hai / 13 digambara zrAvakAcAra meM ahiMsA aNavrata ke pAlana ke lie hiMsAahiMsA kA vicAra, ArambhI hiMsA, udyogI hiMsA, saMkalpI hiMsA aura virodhI hiMsA isa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / upajIvikA ke lie gRhastha ko udyoga, vyavasAya apanAne hote haiM / khetI, dukAna, makAna Adi meM hiMsA to hai hI, lekina jIvanAvazyaka hiMsA ko choDakara binA prayojana hiMsA kA tyAga gRhastha ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai / 14

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Disembara 2008 digambara zrAvakAcAra meM pratimAoM ko kendrasthAna meM rakhakara zrAvakAcAra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / usameM spaSTataH kahA gayA hai ki, ArambhatyAgapratimAdhArI zrAvaka ne sevA, kRSi, vANijya Adi gharasambandhI sampUrNa Arambha kA tyAga karanA cAhie / dasavIM pratidhAraka zrAvaka kisI bhI prakAra ke ArambhakArya ke lie anumati nahIM darzAtA 15 zrAvaka jaba apanI AdhyAtmika pragati kI ora dhyAna dekara uttarottara AdarzabhUta AcAra kI tarapha baDhatA hai taba kisI bhI prakAra ke vyavasAya kA usake lie niSiddha honA bilkula tarkasaMgata hai / sAgAradharmAmRta ke anusAra darzanapratimAdhArI zrAvaka ke lie kahA hai ki aSTamUlaguNoM ko nirmala karane ke lie zrAvaka madya, mAMsa, madhu aura makkhana Adi kA tyAga kareM, usakA kraya-vikraya na kareM tathA ina vyApAroM ko anumati bhI na de / 16 jina cIjoM kA zrAvaka ke lie tyAga kahA hai, una cIjoM ke vyApAra kA niSedha karanA tarkasaMgata hI hai / upasaMhAra aura niSkarSa : 47 zvetAmbaroM ke pandraha karmAdAna yAne viziSTa vyavasAyoM ke niSedha kisa prakAra tarkasaMgata nahIM hai, yaha isake pahale isI zodhalekha meM batAyA hI hai / bahuta sArI tArkika visaMgatiyA~ hone ke kAraNa zAyada digambaroM ne sAmAnya zrAvaka ke lie pandraha karmAdAnoM kA niSedha nahIM pratipAdita kiyA hogA / digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke bahuta sAre bheda abhyAsakoM ne prastuta kie hai / unameM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA yaha muddA bhI lakSaNIya hai / jijJAsu isa para adhika gaura kareM / 1 pratyeka dharma ke do aMza hote haiM / jo tattvAdhAra aMza hote haiM ve dharma ke kendrasthAna meM rahate haiM aura ve trikAlAbAdhita hote haiM / jo AcArAtmaka yA karmakANDAtmaka hote haiM ve bAhya aMza hote haiM, ve kAlasApekSa tathA parivartanazIla hote haiM / AcArAMga ke samaya pandraha karmAdAnoM kI saMkalpanA nahIM dikhAyI detI hai / madhyayugIna sadiyoM meM brAhmaNadharma ke prabhAva se vyavasAyoM kI ora uccanIcatA kI dRSTi se dekhane kI pravRtti baDha gayI / kAla ke parivartana ke sAtha samAja meM parivartana hue| jaba jAti-jAtiyoM meM uccanIcatA

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48 anusandhAna 46 nahIM rahI taba vyavasAyoM meM bhI nahIM rahI / isalie ina karmAdAnoM meM se jo vyavasAya Adhunika sAmAjika mAnyatAoM se mela nahIM khAte unako niSiddha mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / isI vajaha se digambarIyoM ne isa kalpanA ko kabhI jyAdA mahattva nahIM diyA hai / ___ina niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA svarUpa dekhakara hama isa natIje para pahuMcate haiM ki inameM se jyAdAtara vyavasAya pratyakSa vyavahAra meM, purAne jamAne meM bhI niSiddha nahIM the, Aja bhI niSiddha nahIM hai aura bhaviSyakAla meM to bilkula niSiddha nahIM hoNge| ___maMdiramArgI, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI jainiyoM meM dainandina rUpa meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI ginatI raTane kA jo paripATha hai, usakI cikitsaka dRSTi se samIkSA honI cAhie / isI uddeza se yaha zodhanibandha likhA hai / m OM sandarbha 1. bhagavatI 8.5.13 (8.242) 2. upAsakadazAsUtra 51 3. AvazyakasUtra 79 (2) zrAvakaprajJapti pR. 288; zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam pR. 82 5. zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra pR. 121 a- 122 ba bhagavatITIkA pR. 372 ba 7-9 bhagavatI 8.5.13 (8.242) 8. zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra pR. 121 a - 122 ba 9. upAsakadazA-saptama adhyayana 10. AcArAMga 2.2.36 11. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pR. 284 12. sAgAradharmAmRta adhyAya 5-zloka 23 13. lATIsaMhitA sarga 4- zloka 177-183 14. jaina jJAnakoza khaMDa 4 pR. 437 15. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra gAthA 298, gAthA 300 16. sAgAradharmAmRta adhyAya 3- zloka 9

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Disembara 2008 19 sandarbha-grantha-sUci 1. AcArAMga (AyAra) : aMgasuttANi 1, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 AvazyakasUtra (Avassayasutta) : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1977 3. upAsakadazA (uvAsagadasA) : aMgasuttANi 3, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 4. jaina jJAnakoza (bhAga-4) : saM. ajJAta, mAtozrI caturabAI jaina granthamAlA TrasTa, auraMgAbAda, vi.saM. 2040 5. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra : umAsvAti, svopajJabhASyasahita, siddhesanagaNikRta TIkA, de.lA.jai.pu., sUrata, 1930 6. bhagavatI (bhagavaI) : aMgasuttANi 2, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 7. bhagavatIsUtraTIkA : abhayadevasUri, Agamodaya samiti, ratalAma, nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1919 8. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : saM. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhopAla, 1962 zrAddhapratikramaNasUtram : ratnazekharasUrikRta TIkAsahita, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, muMbaI, 1919 10. zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam : haribhadrasUri, saM. caturavijayamuni, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1924 11. zrAvakaprajJapti (sAvayapaNNatti) : haribhadrasUri, saM. bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1981 12. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha : (khaMDa 1 se 4) saM. paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntAlaMkAra, phalaTaNa, 1976 gItagoviMda hausiMga sosAyaTI, 'bI' bilDIMga, 559/A-5 maharSinagara, puNe-411037 phona : (020) 24260663

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50 suzrI kaumudI baladoTA kA zodhapatra jaina zrAvakAcAra meM pandaha karmAdAna : eka samIkSA isa para kucha vicAra muni kalyANakIrtivijaya jaina zAsana yA jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA kA sabase jyAdA mahattva hai / jainoM ke saba vrata - paccakkhANa- niyama Adi kA eka hI uddezya hai- ahiMsAhiMsA se virati / hiMsA do prakAra kI hai svarUpa hiMsA, anubandha hiMsA / svarUpa hiMsA yAne dikhane meM hiMsA lage para paramparA se hiMsA na ho / anubandha hiMsA yAne dikhane meM zAyada hiMsA na ho para paramparA se vahAM hiMsA hI hiMsA ho / anusandhAna 46 jaina zAstrakAroM ne sarvatra isa anubandha hiMsA se hI virata hone kA upadeza diyA hai / zAstroM ko sunakara - samajhakara - AtmasAt kara, una para cintana-manana- anuprekSAdi karane se kramazaH citta kI pariNati zuddha hotI jAtI hai / jaise jaise citta zuddha hotA hai vaise vaise vyakti kA vyaktitva kA parivartana hotA hai; pApa chUTane lagate haiM, doSa kama hote haiM, kSamA dayAdi guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai aura vyakti hiMsA - anubandha hiMsA ko samajhakara usakA tyAga karatA huA ahiMsaka banatA huA kramaza: sarvathA ahiMsaka bana jAtA hai / isalie zAstrakAroM ne jahAM-jahAM jisa kisI bhI kriyA meM hiMsAdi doSa dekheM una saba ko tyAgane kA una kriyAoM se virata hone kA upadeza diyA / aura isa kArya meM unhoMneM jahAM se koI bhI dharma-darzana se - jo kucha acchA va ucita lagA vaha saba svIkArA aura unakA AdhAra lekara jaina zAstroM meM bhI upadeza diyA / - - ataH aisA kahIM dekhA jAe to usa para anyAnya darzana- paramparA kA prabhAva hai aura isalie vaha grAhya nahIM ityAdi kahanA ucita nahIM hai / prabhAva avazya hai para vaha anucita vastuoM kA nahIM hai / aura acchI bAta

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Disembara 2008 jahAM se mile vahAM se usakA grahaNa karanA cAhie / use nija jIvana meM vyApta karanA cAhie / zAstrakAroM ne yahI kiyA hai / yadi gaurapUrvaka darzanoM kA va zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA jAe to spaSTatayA dikhatA hai ki prAya: sabhI paramparAoM kI asara eka-dUsare pe hai| hamArI jaina paramparA kA mukhya uddezya-dhyeya ahiMsA hai / vaha jahAM se bhI siddha ho hameM usakA svIkAra karanA hI cAhie / pandraha karmAdAna bhI hiMsAsvarUpa hI hai| unase bacanA-unakA tyAga karanA ahiMsA hai / aura hamArA lakSya to ahiMsA hI hai / * kulaparamparA se jo loga inhIM meM se koI vyavasAya karate rahe ho to isakA matalaba yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ki vaha vyavasAya aniSiddha va mAnya hai ? vaha vyavasAya anucita hI hai / use tyAganA hI caahie| cIjoM kA istemAla karanA aura unakA vyavasAya karanA - ina donoM meM bahota pharka hai / koI vyakti ghI-tela-koyalA Adi kA istemAla karatI hai to vaha apane lie / ghara ke lie alpa mAtrA meM kucha lAtI hai / usase hiMsA hone kA sambhava bhI alpa hai| jaba ki usakA vyavasAya karane meM vaha mAtrA kaI gunA baDha jAtI hai / hiMsA bhI baDha jAtI hai / to phira yaha kahanA kitanA ucita hogA ki - 'dUsaroM dvArA banAI gaI cIjoM kA istemAla hama karate haiM to khuda ko ina cIjoM ke banAne va becane kA niSedha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA' ? / udAharaNatayA - kisI vyAdhi Adi ke kAraNa kabhI kisI ko koI hiMsA janita auSadha yadi istemAla karanA par3e to kyA usa auSadha kA vyavasAya bhI aniSiddha va mAnya ho jAegA ? / bhagavAna mahAvIra kumhAra-lohAra Adi aneka logoM ke nivAsasthAnoM meM Thaharate the / aura unhoMne kisI ko apanA vyavasAya tyAgane kA upadeza nahIM diyA - yaha bAta ardhasatya hai / vAstava meM bhagavAna ke kAla meM jaina kula - janma se jaina bahota kama the| bhagavAna saba varga ke logoM ko dharma kA - ahiMsA kA upadeza dete the| unheM sAdhu dharma / zrAvaka dharma batAte the / phira jo koI vyakti dharma samajha letA thA vaha apane

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anusandhAna 46 Apa hI vrata-niyama kI dhAraNA kara Arambha-samArambha va. kA tyAga kara detA thaa| AgamoM meM aise ullekha pAe jAte haiM ki zrAvakoM ne kisa taraha parigraha-ArambhAdi kA tyAga kara vrata grahaNa kie the / bhagavAna ke pazcAt kAla meM jaba jaina kula baDhane lage to unheM karmAdAnoM ke tyAga kA upadeza denA AsAna thA kyoMki ve janma se hI jaina the - ahiMsA ko samajhate the / phalataH upadeza pAkara karmAdAnoM kA tyAga kara dete the / isalie - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI mAnyatA pracalita nahIM thI - aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| aticAra ke sandarbha meM yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki - sAmAyikAdi vrata meM lage aticAroM kA pratikramaNa kara dene se hama doSoM se nivRtta ho sakate haiM - lekina kina doSoM se ? - jo doSa anAbhoga se - anajAne meM huA ho usI doSa se nivRtta ho sakate haiM / jo doSa jAnabUjhakara kiyA gayA ho usakI nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI, vaha to vratabhaMga hI hai / usakA . to prAyazcita hI lenA paDatA hai / / usI taraha karmAdAnoM ke viSaya meM bhI - vrata lie hue kisI vyakti ne apanI mati se usakA arthaghaTana kara karmAdAnoM kA sevana kara diyA - arthAt aticAra lagA diyA to usakA zodhana pratikramaNa se ho sakatA hai - vaha bhI taba - yadi vaha pratikramaNa karane ke bAda phira se usI doSa kA sevana na kare / yadi koI jAnabUjhakara karmAdAnoM kA sevana karatA ho to vaha usakA vratabhaMga hI hai / usakI nivRtti pratikramaNa se nahIM ho sakatI / dusarI bAta yaha samajhane yogya hai ki - jo vyakti apanA pIDhiyoM se calatA vyavasAya na choDa pAe - vaha bhI yadi roz2a roz2a pratikramaNa karatA rahe to usake citta meM yaha pariNati banatI jAegI ki - maiM jo kara rahA hUM vaha galata hai - mujhe use choDanA cAhie / aise eka dina usakA citta dRDha ho jAegA taba vaha avazya usa vyavasAya ho choDa degA / isalie - bahuta sAre karmAdAnoM ko aticAra ke rUpa meM lene se aDacaneM paidA hotI hai - unheM sulajhAne kA digdarzana zrAvakAcAra se nahIM milatA, aisA

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Disembara 2008 kahanA yogya nahIM hai| jaina samAja para hindu dharma kA prabhAva baDhatA gayA, aura isI kAraNa se jaina paramparA ne ina vyavasAyoM kA niSedha kiyA - aisA jo kahA gayA usameM yaha kahanA hai ki - pratyeka samAja-dharma kA prabhAva paraspara paDatA hI hai| samAja kI vyavasthA aise hI calatI hai| aura jaise jaina dharma para hindu dharma kA prabhAva paDA hai vaise hinduoM para bhI jainoM kA prabhAva paDA hI hai| udA0 hinda dhamiyoMne sadiyoM se cala rahI yajJa kI hiMsA jainoM ke prabhAva se hI banda kara dI - choDa dI / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki - brAhmaNoM ne jinheM zUdroM / atizUdroM ke vyavasAya mAne unako jaina paramparA ne bhI nimna darje ke vyavasAya samajhakara niSedha kiyA hogA - aisI mAnyatA sarvathA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| jainoM kI to eka hI bhAvanA thI aura hai - jahAM jahAM jisa kisI bhI vyavasAya meM hiMsA ho usakA tyAga karanA / usa meM ucca-nIcatA dekhane kI bAta to gauNa hai| ahiMsA hI jainoM kA mukhya dhyeya thA, hai aura rahegA / aise loga bhI jaina paramparA meM the (aura hai) ki jo aisA hI vyavasAya karate the jisameM tanika bhI hiMsA na ho / udA0 pagaDiyA bAMdhane kA vyavasAya yA pustaka lekhana kA vyvsaay| 'jaba taka vyaktiniSTha aura choTe paimAne para aise vyavasAya calate the taba taka unakA niSedha ucita thA; Aja, udyogoM ke jamAne meM yaha niSedha yogya nahIM hai - isalie Adhunika pariprekSya meM zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI saMkalpanA kA aucitya luptaprAya hI hai' - aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? choTe paimAne para calate vyavasAyoM meM bhI jaba hiMsA nihita hai taba usake udyogIkaraNa meM to kitane Arambha-samArambha va kitanI hiMsA hogI ? jisake dila meM dharma basA huA hai aisA jaina zrAvaka to hamezA hiMsaka vyApAra ko chor3ane kI hI bhAvanA rakhatA hai| paristhitivaza yadi vaha use sarvathA tyAga na pAe to bhI usakI bhAvanA to usa vyavasAya ko choDane kI hI rahatI hai / isalie Aja kI paristhiti meM to pandraha karmAdAnoM kA tyAga bahota hI prastuta hai /

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anusandhAna 46 cUMki gRhastha sarvathA (nava koTi se) to Arambha kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatA tathApi kitaneka bhaMgo se to vaha avazya tyAga kara sakatA hai / zAstroM meM vrata-paccakkhANa ke mUla 49 bhaMga (prakAra) 1 kAla ke, trikAla ke 147 bhaMga aura uttara prakAra to karoDoM batAe haiN| unameM se zrAvaka apanI zakti va bhAvanA ke anusAra kucha bhaMgoM se to ArambhAdi kA avazya tyAga kara sakatA hai / isameM tyAga kA mahattva to hai sAtha hI bhAvanA kA bhI mahattva hai| jaise koI daridra manuSya kisI karmAdAna kA AcaraNa nahi karate hue bhI tyAgI nahIM kahA jAtA, jaba ki koI samajhadAra manuSya apanI bhAvanA se tyAga kare to usakA tyAga saphala hotA hai / prAcInatama jaina AgamoM meM gRhastha ke lie jo SaTkarma batAe haiM unameM asi-masi-kRSi va. kA evaM 72 kalA meM jo vANijya kalA kA ullekha hai vaha, jitanI kama se kama hiMsA ho - isa prakAra, apanA va parivAra kA nirvAha karane ke lie hai, nahi ki Arambha-samArambha baDhAne ke lie, aura nA hI unase hiMsA kI chUTa mila jAtI hai / kalAoM va zilpoM kA zikSaNa lenA-isakA bhI matalaba aisA nahIM hotA ki una saba kA udyogoM evaM vyavasAyoM ke lie upayoga kiyA jAya ! ve sirpha jAnane yogya haiM aura vipatti meM/paristhitivaza unakA upayoga ho sakatA hai| yUM bhI sabhI padArtha upAdeya nahIM hote para jJeya to hote hI haiN| zrAvakAcAra ke prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM jahAM jahAM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI bAta AtI hai vahAM spaSTa kahA hai ki ye 15 nAma kevala gaNanA ke lie hai, lekina upalakSaNa se unake sadRza / asadRza saba hiMsaka-sAvadya-garhita vyApAroM ko tyAganA hI cAhie / isalie 15 kI saMkhyA ko lekara yA anyonyAzritatA batAkara jo visaMgati dikhAI hai vaha aprastuta hI hai| sAta vyasanoM ke niSedha meM madya kA niSedha hote hue bhI rasavANijya meM mukhyataH madya kI ginatI kI hai isameM kucha aTapaTA nahIM hai / koI zrAvaka aisA bhI soce ki 'madya pIne kA niSedha hai - becane kA to nahIM hai', aura vaha madya kA vyavasAya zurU kara de, to use bhI rokane ke lie rasavANijya meM usakA niSedha kiyA hai|

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Disembara 2008 * Ikha kA rasa svIkArya hai - bhagavAna ne bhI liyA thA - isakA matalaba yaha haragiz2a nahIM ki koI usakA udyogIkaraNa kara use becanA bhI zurU kara de / kyoMki isameM mukhya bAta hiMsA kA - anantara va parampara hiMsA kA - tyAga karane kI hai| yaha bAta yadi lekhikA ne socI hotI to unheM saba kucha tarkasaMgata dikhAI paDatA / isI taraha vAhana kA upayoga karane se vAhana ko banAne-becane kI chUTa nahIM mila jAtI / bhATI karma meM bhI vAhana-pazu va. kA bhADe se dene kA jo niSedha hai usameM bhI mukhya kAraNa hiMsA hI hai / paise byAja para denA- yaha yadi nIti se hotA hai to prastuta bhI hai, para aise vyavasAya meM nIti kitanI hotI hai - yaha to jagajAhira hai / * mukhya bAta to yaha hai ki - aise udAharaNoM ko dene se ye vyavasAya ucita/ aniSiddha/ahiMsaka nahI bana jAte / ve anucita / niSiddha va hiMsaka hI haiM / digambaroM ne bhale hI 15 karmAdAnoM kI nAma se ginatI na kI ho para prakArAntara se to unhoMne Arambha-udyoMgoM kA tyAga karane kA kahakara yaha bAta batA hI dI hai| niSkarSa : pratyeka dharma ke tattvAdhAra aMza jaise trikAlAbAdhita hote haiM / vaise AcAra ke mUla aMza bhI sArvabhauma va trikAlAbAdhita hote haiN| bhagavAna pataMjali ne yogasUtra meM kahA hai ki - ahiMsA-satyAsteya-brahmacarya-parigrahA yamAH // jAti-deza-kAla-samayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam / / hiMsA tInoM kAla meM hara jAti-deza-samAja meM tyAjya hI hai aura ahiMsA hI AdaraNIya hai - yaha tathya sarvathA bhUlanA nahIM cAhie / use sAmAjika mAnyatAoM se koI vAstA nahIM hai| cAhe samAja badale-jamAnA badale, hiMsA kA tyAga to karanA hI hogA, yadi dharma kI bhAvanA hai / phalataH hiMsaka vyavasAya hara kAla meM niSiddha the - haiM aura raheMge bhI / astu // -

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56 anusandhAna 46 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya : pratIkSA, paDakAra ane saMprApti kAntibhAI bI. zAha vivecana vibhAganI A beThakamAM vaktavya mATe nimantraNa ApavA badala pariSadano AbhArI chu. A nimantraNa maLyuM tyAre thoDoka saMkoca anubhavelo kemake mAre kAryakSetra mukhyatve madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA kRti-saMzodhanasampAdana ke tadviSayaka granthasamIkSAo pUratuM sImita gaNAya. paNa mantrIzrI ratilAla borIsAgare mane sadhiyAro ApatAM kahyu ke vaktavyomAM saMzodhananI vAta thAya ne viSaya-vaividhya jaLavAya o abhipreta che ja. vaLI, lagabhaga samayagALAmAM, pariSadanA vidAya thatAM pramukhazrI kumArapALa desAIle 'paraba'mAM 'pramukha zrIno patra' antargata madhyakAlIna kRtionAM saMzodhana-sampAdana-prakAzana paratve thatI upekSA aMge cintA pragaTa karelI. o vAte mane baLa maLyuM ke A ja tantune pakaDIne madhyakAlIna sAhityakSetra aMge thoDIka mArI vAta paNa umerI zakAya. meM mArA vaktavyano viSaya rAkhyo che : 'madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya : pratIkSA, paDakAra ane saMprApti.' A viSayanA anulakSyamAM, mAre hAthe saMzodhita sampAdana- yatkicit kAma thayuM che o anubhavabhAthAne paNa ahIM dRSTAnta lekhe upayogamAM lIdhuM che aTalI spaSTatA karI lauM. ___mitro, sAhityajagatamAM avo sUra UThato saMbhaLAI rahyo che ke "madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya hAMsiyAmAM dhakelAtuM jAya che, AvI kRtionAM ghaNAM ochAM sampAdano bahAra paDe che, zALA-mahAzALAnA abhyAsakramomAM anaM sthAna ghaTatuM jaI rahyaM che, adhyApakomA madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsa paratvenuM valaNa ochu thatuM jAya che." A kSetranA tajJono A pratibhAva che. amAM rahelA tathyane nakArI ke avagaNI zakAya oma nathI. amAMye vaLI, chellA savA dAyakAmAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityakSetre saMzodhana-sampAdana-vivecana ane mArgadarzana dvArA mahattva- pradAna karanArA saMmAnya

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Disembara 2008 57 vidvajjano bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, harivallabha bhAyANI, ke.kA.zAstrIjI, jayanta koThArI, zivalAla jesalapurA, ramaNalAla cI. zAha ane bhUpendra trivedInAM nidhanathI jANe ke A kSetre zUnyAvakAza sarjAyo hoya ovI lAgaNI anubhavAya che. khAlIpo avazya varatAya, paNa ano jhurApo to na ja hoya. kemake A avakAzapUrtino paDakAra chevaTe to ApaNe jhIlavAno che. tAjetaramAM nezanala mizana phora menyuskripTsa, nyU dilhIo bhArata ane bhArata bahAranI hastaprato, sarvekSaNa hAtha dharyu che. te anusAra bhAratamA 40 lAkha ane me paikI gujarAtamA 10 lAkha hastaprato hovAno aMdAja che. amAM joke saMskRta-prAkRtathI mAMDI badhI prAdezika bhASAonI, anekavidha viSayo dharAvatI hastapratone AvarI levAI che. amAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI pratio paNa samAviSTa hoya ja. paNa ApaNane nisabata che te anusAra, hastapratonA kevaLa sarvekSaNa ke kevaLa yAdIo AgaLa ApaNuM kAma aTakatuM nathI. ApaNuM antima lakSya to hoya sarvekSaNa ane yAdIonI cAvI dvArA hastapratomAM jaLavAyelo vipula sAhityarAzi pragaTa thAya te. seMkaDo nahIM, hajAronI saMkhyAmAM madhyakAlIna kutionI hastaprato hajI vividha bhaNDAronA dAbaDAo ane poTalAMomAM baddha thayelI che. o saune ApaNI pratIkSA che; ApaNA thakI prAgaTyanA aMjavAsanI amane jhaMkhanA che. paNa hastaprata-sampAdana me kevaLa aka kAgaLa parathI bIjA kAgaLa paranaM lipyantara mAtra nathI. A prakriyA pUrI sajjatA ane kSamatA mAgI le che. vAcanA mATe hastaprata-pasaMdagI, lipivAcana, tatkAlIna bhASAsvarUpanI jANakArI, pAThanirdhAraNa, anya pratone AdhAre pAThapasaMdagI- A prakriyAmA sampAdananI aka cokkasa zistane anusaravAnuM hoya che. hastapratanA lekhanakAra (lahiyA) dvArA ja thayelI pAThabhraSTatA amAM moTo antarAya hoya che jenI zuddhi mATe kyAreka o ja kRtinI anya pratono AdhAra sahAyaka nIvaDe che. kemake saMzodhake chevaTe to kRtinA mULa sarjakanI nikaTa pahoMcavAnuM che. udAharaNa tarIke 'guNaratnAkarachanda 'mAM 'bhamuha-kamAMNi' (AMkhanI bhramararUpI kamAna) ne badale keTalIka prato 'bhamuha-kAminI' pATha ja ApatI hatI, je azuddha che ane arthabheda Ubho kare che. bhAyANI sAhebe kAM che ke "savAla hastaprata chApIne sulabha karavAno

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58 che se karatAM amane pramANabhUta karavAno vadhu che. " samayAMtare lakhAyelI hastapratomAM pAra vinAnA jovA maLatA uccArabhedone pAThAntaramAM najaraaMdAja karavA paDe che. chatAM bahArathI sAmAnya jaNAto uccArabheda kyAreka zabdasandarbha ja nahIM, AkhuM saMvedanavizva badalI nAkhato hoya to kALajIpUrvaka anI noMdha levI Avazyaka bane che. anusandhAna 46 'guNaratnAkarachanda 'mAM kozA gaNikA yuvAna sthUlabhadrane prathamavAra nihALatAM ja onA pratye snehAsakta bane che. tyAre keTalIka pratomAM ono manobhAva A rIte noMdhAyo che - 'gaNikAbhava syA mAMhi ?' jyAre vAcanAsvIkRta pratamAM a 'gaNikAbhAva syA mAMhi ?' ama maLe che. 'a' ane 'A' vacceno A bheda kozAnA bhAvavizvane keTaluM palaTI nAkhe che. have gaNikAbhAva nahIM; prItibhAva A saMkramaNa anA vyaktitvane navo opa Ape che. hastaprata-sampAdanamAM kevaLa uccAra ja nahIM, zabdaparyAya, chanda- baMdhAraNa, prAsa, kAvyasaundarya vagere paNa pAThapasaMdagIno AdhAra banI rahe che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM padyasAhityanI tulanA gadyasAhityanuM pramANa ghaNuM alpa che. amAM bAlAvabodho, gadyakathAo, varNako, paTTAvalio, praznottarI, auktiko, vijJaptipatro vagereno samAveza thAya. paNa a sahumAM bAlAvabodho ane te antargata prApta gadyakathAo madhyakAlIna gadyasAhityano ghaNo moTo hisso che. A bAlAvabodhonAM saMzodhana - abhyAsa paratve vizeSa dhyAna kendrita karavA jevuM che. 'jaina gUrjara kavio' (dvitIya AvRtti) mAM noMdhAyelA bAlAvabodhonI saMkhyA lagabhaga aka hajAre pahoMcavA jAya che. jemAM prakAzita bAlAvabodhonI saMkhyA 30 thI vadhAre nathI. o rIte hajI A kSetramAM keTaluM jaMgI kAma bAkI che anI saheje kalpanA karI zakAze. joke moTA bhAganA bAlAvabodho ajJAtakartRka darzAvAyA che, ane koI eka ja grantha upara anekane hAthe se racAyelA che. A bAlAvabodho tatkAlIna bhASAsvarUpanA abhyAsa mATe paNa ghaNA mahattvanA che. padyanI bhASA onA chandolayane kAraNe sAhajikatAnI bhoMthI ochevatte aMze paNa UMcakAyelI hoya che; jyAre bAlAvabodhonA gadyamAM bhASA anuM sAhajika svarUpa jALavI rAkhe che. bAlAvabodha antargata dRSTAntakathAomAM taLapadA

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Disembara 2008 zabdono vaibhava ane bolacAlanI laDhaNo dharAvatuM gadya vAstavikatAnI vizeSa najIkarnu hoIne jIvaMta lAge che. kathAmAM kyAreka AvatAM kriyApada vinAnAM TacukaDAM vAkyone lIdhe lAghavayukta gadyAbhivyakti paNa savizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. jemake "gAMdhAra deza. sabala rAjA. tehanaI zakuni beTu. gAMdhArI pramukha ATha beTI. paNi AThai apacharA-samAMnA. dharmadAsagaNikRta prAkRtamA 544 gAthAmAM racAyela 'upadezamAlA' grantha parano somasundarasUrikRta 'upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha' gujarAtI bhASAmAM se viSaya parano sauthI jUno bAlAvabodha. A bAlAvabodhanI racanA saMvata 1485 nI che. onA sampAdanamA vAcanA mATe je hastapratane meM upayogamA lIdhI te saMvata 1499 nA lekhanavarSanI che. Ama grantharacanA ane hastapratalekhana vacce kevaLa 14 varSano ja taphAvata. AthI svAbhAvika rIte ja grantharacanA-samayanu ja bhASAkIya mALa amAM yathAtatha jaLavAI rahyaM che. karmArthe 'ne' anugane sthAne tatkAlIna 'huI' pratyaya ahIM pracura mAtrAmA prayojAyelo dekhAya che. bAlAvabodhakAra ahIM pratyeka gAthAno kramazaH AMzika nirdeza karatA jaI, anA zabdaparyAyo ApatA jaI, kathya viSayano tatkAlIna bhASAmAM vizadapaNe avabodha thAya te rIte anuvAda ane khapajogo vivaraNa-vistAra karI Ape che. paNa ahIM A bAlAvabodhanI dharmopadezanA grantha lekhe mAre vAta karavI nathI. A apragaTa grantha prakAzita thatAM sAhityadRSTile anI saMprApti hatI a to amAM maLatI lagabhaga 80 jeTalI nAnImoTI dRSTAntakathAo. moTA bhAganI A kathAo gAthA-vivaraNanA cheDe alaga kathArUpe rajU thaI che. amAM munimahAtmAo, cakravartIo, satI strIo, rAjAo, mantrIo, zreSThio AdinAM caritrAtmaka kathAnako che. A uparAMta manuSyetara devo ane pazu-paMkhIonI kathAo, rUpakakathAo ane samasyAnA tattvavALI kathA paNa maLe che. aMgata svajana ja svajanano kevo anartha kare avAM dRSTAntonuM to AluM kathAguccha ahIM prApta thAya che, jemAM mAtA putrano, putra pitAno, pitA putrano, bhAI bhAIno, patnI patino, mitra mitrano anartha kare che. A ja rIte merusundaranA 'zIlopadeza bAlAvabodha'mAM 43 kathAo prApta

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60 anusandhAna 46 thAya che. Ama bAlAvabodhakAroo saMskRta - prAkRta granthonA anuvAdone dRSTAntakathAothI puSTa karyA che ane o rIte o kathAkoza paNa banyA che. joke badhA bAlAvabodhomAM AvI dRSTAntakathAo prApya nathI hotI. jemake somasundarasUri pachI, saMvata 1543mAM nannasUrio Apelo 'upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha' mULa granthanI prAkRta gAthAonA kevaLa anuvAdarUpe ja che. anuM sampAdana romana lipimAM DaoN. TI.ona.daveo I.sa. 1935mAM pragaTa kareluM che. ke.kA. zAstrIjIo omanI uttaravayamAM bAlAvabodhonAM prakAzano upara khAsa bhAra mUkyo che. teo lakhe che : "mArI oka vinaMtI che ke koIpaNa saMsthA, a pachI jaina hoya ke jainetara, jene gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanA prakAzananuM dhyeya che teNe bAlAvabodhonA prakAzananI aka yojanA vicAravI joIo. " madhyakALanI saM. 1572mAM sahajasundare racelI, aka apragaTa dIrghakRti 'guNaratnAkarachanda' vize mArI pIeca.DI. nI thisisa taiyAra karatI veLA 'chanda' saMjJAvALI kRtio ane anA svarUpa pratye najara karavAnuM banyuM. madhyakALamAM kvacit akSarameLa ane bahudhA mAtrAmeLa chando to padyavArtA, prabandha jevAM svarUpomAM prayojAyA che ane rAsA, AkhyAna jevAM svarUpomAM, mULamAM mAtrAchandomAMthI vikasita thayelI dezIo anuM vAhana banI che. AmAMthI koI koI kRti mukhyatve je chandamAM racAI hoya te cokkasa chandanAmathI paNa oLakhAI che. jemake 'mAru DholA copai' ke 'mAdhavAnala kAmakandalA dogdhaka. ' paNa kRtine maLelI 'chanda' saMjJA zAnuM sUcana kare che ? 'chanda' sambhavata: cAraNI paramparAmAMthI Avelo prakAra che. cAraNI sAhityaparamparAo akSarameLa- rUpameLa chando, mAtrAmeLa chando temaja DiMgaLa carcita chando - oma traNa prakAranA chandono upayoga karyo che; jemAM bhujaMgaprayAta, paddharI, vRddhanArAca, roLA, lIlAvatI, motIdAma va. chando upayogamAM levAyA che. A paramparAmAM kRti paThana rUpe nahIM, paNa zravaNarUpe jhIlavAnI hoI chandogAna oka mahattvanuM mAdhyama bane che. kRtinA A chandogAnane puSTa karavA mATe cAraNI paramparAmAM zabdAnuprAsa, antyAnuprAsa, varNasagAI, jhaDajhamaka, saMyuktAkSarI uccAraNo, ravAnukArI zabdasaMgIta - oma nAdavaibhava para vizeSa dhyAna apAya che.

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Disembara 2008 'guNaratnAkarachanda'nI racanA agAu madhyakALamAM be noMdhapAtra 'chanda'. saMjJAvALI racanAo prApta thaI hatI. zrIdhara vyAsakRta 'raNamallachanda' saM. 1454mAM; ane lAvaNyasamayanI 'raMgaratnAkara neminAtha chanda' saM. 1546mAM. A banne kRtio ApaNane upara kahelI vAtanuM samarthana karatI dekhAze. _ 'guNaratnAkarachanda' A 'chanda' saMjJA dharAvatI dIrgha racanAomAM eka viziSTa umeraNa che. jo 'upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha'mAM mane kathAono saMpuTa samprApta thayo, to A kRtinuM saMzodhana hAtha upara letAM aka kAvyasaundarye opatI 'chanda' kRti sampanna thaI. amAM prayojAyelA 20 uparAnta akSarameLa ane mAtrAmeLa chando cAraNI chandolayanI chaTA dAkhave che. kathAne nimitte sthalibhadra-kozAnA hRdayabhAvonuM nirUpaNa kRtino vizeSa AsvAdya aMza rahyo che. kAvyasparza pAmelA rasika gatizIla varNano ane anI alaMkaraNa-samRddhi sarva kAMI manohara che. lalitakomalakAnta padAvali tarIke kAntanI 'snehaghana kusumavana vimala parimala gahana' o paMktine ApaNe yAda karIo chIo. evI ja padAvalinu smaraNa karAvatI paMkti ahIM juo : 'nArI-sarovara sabala sakala mukhakamala manohara.' saMyuktAkSarI zabdAvali, AntaraprAsa, nAdasaMgIta dvArA kozAnA rUpasaundaryanA varNanamAM kAvyanA bahiraMgane kavi kerbu sajAve che te juo : "suvanna deha, rUpareha, kAmageha gajjao, urattha hAra, hIracIra, kaMcukI virajjao, kaTakki-laMki, jhINa vINa, khaggi khaggi drummao, payoharANa pakkhi pakkhi loka lakkha ghummao." gaNikA aeka puruSaniSTha na rahetAM anekanI sAthe chaLa kare che. o vAta kavile sthUlibhadrane mukhe rAtrinuM upamAna prayojIne karI che. te AluM kalpanacitra navInatAbharyu che. "sUrija java atthamaI, keza tava mUMkI roI, java velA jehanI tAma tehasyauM mana mohai,

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anusandhAna 46 phulla tAra siri ghalli ramai te caMdA sAthai, sUra samai jANevi, phulla paNi nAkhai hAthai, ima rayaNi kUDa bihu~syauM karai, vezi kahIM sAcI nau haI." (2.83) [jyAre sUrya Athame che tyAre rAtri keza chUTA mUkIne raDe che. paNa jevI jenI veLA o pramANe tenI sAthe mana joDe che. ja rAtri (candra AvatAM) tArA rUpI puSpo mAthAmAM gUMthIne candranI sAthe krIDA kare che. vaLI pAcho sUryane AvavAno samaya thatAM rAtri tAraka-puSpone hAthathI nAkhI de che. Ama rAtri bannenI sAthe kapaTa kare che. a ja rIte vezyA paNa kadI sAcI hotI nathI.] ApaNe tyAM 'chanda' saMjJAvALI laghu kAvyakRtio paNa racAI che. amAM mukhyatve iSTa deva-devInI stuti, mahimAgAna ane rUpaguNavarNana Alekhana thayuM hoya che ane te koI oka saLaMga chandamAM racAyelI hoya che. AvI 'chanda' svarUpI dIrgha-laghu kRtionA svarUpa, vikAsa, viSayavastu ane anA chandovidhAnanI dRSTile saghana abhyAsane sAro avakAza che. _ pariSadamA Do. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA svAdhyAyapITha anvaye mAre koI oka prakalpa taiyAra karavAno hato. te anuSaMge lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandiramAMthI mane saM. 1641mAM racAyelI, harajI munikRta 'vinodacotrIsI' nAmaka padyavArtAnI prata maLI AvI. A sAdhukavinuM to nAma paNa koI javalle sAMbhaLyuM hoya. mAtra 'jaina gUrjara kavio' ane 'sAhityakoza'mAM nAnakaDo ullekha maLe. paNa kRti hatI 'siMhAsana batrIsI' ke 'sUDAbahoterI'nI jema oka kathAdoramAM parovAyelI 34 laukika kathAonI vArtAmAlA. anA zIrSakamAM nirdezAyA pramANe A badhI hAsya-vinode rasAyelI jIvanabodhaka kathAo che. oka sAdhumahAtmA 34 divasa sudhI roja okekI kathA kahIne oka nAstika zreSThIputrane Astika banAve che. kathAo maulika nahi, paNa kavi dvArA ene apAyelo padyadeha me kavinI sarjakatA. ApaNA padyavArtA-sAhityamAM hAsyarasika kathAmAlA svarUpe A oka viziSTa umeraNa che. sAthe o paNa yAda karI lauM ke tAjetaramA ja DaoN. rameza zukla dvArA kavi zAmaLanI 'pandaramI vidyA' nAme strIcaritrane nirUpatI, adyApiparyanta apragaTa ovI rasika kathA upalabdha

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Disembara 2008 banI che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanI vAta karIo oTale anI sAthe sambaddha senA zabdakozanI paNa vAta karavAnI thAya ja. kemake madhyakAlIna zabdano artha- sandarbha jANyA vinA te sAhityano avabodha apUrNa rahe. uccAra ke paryAya dRSTio madhyakAlIna zabdo Aje aparicita banyA che. oka udAharaNa ApuM : 'vinodacotrIsI' mAM virahiNI nAyikA kahe che "tere biraha mUM dehaM dahI, jiuM vani ghUMghacIyAMI, Adhe jala bhai koilA, Adhe lohI - mAMsa. ' 91 63 have A 'ghUMghacIyA' zabdano artha na jANuM tyAM sudhI alaMkAranuM saundarya vaNapragaTyuM rahe. paNa 'ghUMghacIyA' oTale 'caNoThI' ovo artha zabdakozamAMthI prApta thatAM virahiNInuM bhAvacitra spaSTa thayuM ke 'tArA virahamAM vananI caNoThInI jema mAro aDadho deha baLIne kolaso thayo che ne aDadho lohI-mAMsa ja rahyo che. ' mAre mate aka bRhad madhyakAlIna gujarAtI zabdakozanI anivAryatA che. jayanta koThArIo ApaNane 'madhyakAlIna gujarAtI zabdakoza' Apyo. paNa anIye maryAdA amaNe pote svIkArI che. a saMkalita zabdakoza che. bhAyANI sAhebanuM omane aka sUcana a hatuM ke madhyakALanI kRtiomAMthI sIdhA ja zabdo levA. paNa svAsthya - saMjogone dhyAnamA rAkhIne omaNe je madhyakAlIna kRti - sampAdanamA artha sahitanA zabdakoza apAyA hoya, ane te paNa sthAna - nirdeza sAthenA, aTalA ja zabdakozone AdhAre taiyAra thayelo A zabdakoza che. jayantabhAIo kSetramaryAdA to svIkArI, paNa tyAMye saMzodhanano atizrama to omaNe karyo ja. mULa sampAdake Apelo khoTo artha choDIne zuddha artha Apyo, mULamAM zabda ja bhraSTa hoya ke khoTI rIte pATha nirdhArita thayo hoya to tenI paNa zuddhi karI. ane A badhA mATe cokkasa saMjJAo paNa prayojI. amaNe pote nivedanamAM lakhyuM ke 'kozanuM kAma saMkalana karatAM vadhAre to saMzodhananuM banI gayuM.' Avo pramANabhUta zabdakoza maLyA pachIye kAma to bAkI rahe ja che.

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64 anusandhAna 46 1. kRti - antargata keTalAye zabdo mULa sampAdake zabdakozamAM dAkhala ja na karyA hoya. (dA.ta. 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' ke 'vimalaprabandha' nAM sampAdano), 2. artha ke sthAnanirdeza vinAnA zabdakozo paikInA zabdo, 3. pAchaLathI sampAdita thaIne prakAzita thayelI kRtionA zabdakozo, 4. je kRtionA zabdakozo thayA ja nathI tevI kRtionA zabdo. A kAma koi saMsthA ke tajjJonI TukaDI ja hAtha dharI zake. kathAkoza thayo, sAhityakoza thayo, to A paDakAra paNa jhIlAze ne ! 700 varSanA gALAnI hajAro kRtionA zabdasaMcayane bhAyANIsAhebe bhagIratha kArya kahyuM che. vaLI temaNe ovI AzA pragaTa karI che ke "jayantabhAIo je nAno choDa ucheryo che temAMthI AgaLa jatAM vRkSa bane. " DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI jenA Adya saMsthApaka hatA te 'anusandhAna' sAmayika atyAre AcArya zIlacandrasUrijInA sampAdana heThaLa pragaTa thAya che. anI atyAra sudhImAM 41 pustikA prakAzita thaI cUkI che amAM saMskRtaprAkRta temaja madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI apragaTa kRtio saMzodhita karIne prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che ane sampAdita kRtinI sAthe ghaNuMkharuM zabdakoza paNa joDAyelo hoya che. hastaprata - sampAdananA prakAzana mATe A oka mahattvanuM mAdhyama che. paNa A saMzodhana - sAmayikanI sAhityajagatamAM paryApta noMdha levAI nathI ama mane lAge che. oka kALe ApaNe tyAM 'Ananda kAvya mahodadhi' granthanA ATheka mauktiko prakAzita thayelAM, jemAM rAsA, padyavArtA Adi dIrghakRtio samAviSTa che. A granthamauktikonuM temaja AvA anya granthonuM pAThazuddhi sAthe punaH sampAdana karI zakAya. 'sAhityakoza' khaNDa- 1nAM adhikaraNo lakhAtAM hatAM tyAre dhyAna upara AveluM ke oka kALe judA judA sampAdako dvArA caudeka jeTalI sajjhAyamALAo prakAzita thaI hatI. amAM ghaNA badhA kavionI okanI oka kRti badhAM sampAdanomAM jovA maLe. AvI kRtionuM punarAvartana TALIne oka saMkalita graMthanuM sampAdana paNa hAtha dharI zakAya ama karAtAM, A granthonI jarjarita hAlata paNa nivArI zakAze ane 'raniMga meTara' rUpe jUnAM bIbAmAM chapAyelI A

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Disembara 2008 kRtiono caheromahoro paNa badalAze. sAhityakoza khaNDa -1nAM adhikaraNamAM sarjakanI kRti mudrita ke amudrita che teno nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. koza prakAzita thayA pachInA gALAmAM amudrita kRti pragaTa thaI hoya ke kozamAM vaNanoMdhAyelI kRti maLI AvI hoya to pariSade kozanI oka adhikRta nakalamAM yathAsthAne o pheraphAro noMdhatA jaI kozasAmagrIne 'apaDeTa' karatA rahevuM joio sampAdaka pote AvI prakAzana - mAhitI pariSadane pahoMcADe avuM Ayojana paNa goThavI zakAya. Ama thAya to navI AvRtti veLAnuM kAma saraLa ane cokasAIbharyu banI zake. mitro, meM ahIM narasiMha- mIrAM ke akho - premAnanda jevI madhyakALanI siddhahasta sarjakapratibhAonI vAta nathI karI a huM jANuM chaM. paNa mArA vaktavyano mukhya sUra je kSitijo hajI vaNakheDAyelI che te dizAmAM kadama mAMDavA aMgeno che. je sAhityasAmagrI dharabAyelI paDI che ane uddharavA mATe ApaNI pratIkSA che, ane se paDakAra ApaNI ja yuvApeDhIo jhIlavAno che. ovo vizvAsa avazya bese che ke je kAMI navuM pragaTa thaI rahyuM che, pragaTavA mathI rahyuM che ane have pachI pragaTavAnuM che anI saMprApti upalabdhi nagaNya nahi hoya. athI ja jayanta koThArIo jene na vIsaravA jevo vAraso ko ovA A madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA tantuthI ApaNe vicchinna na thaIo. ApaNA prajAkIya jIvananA uchera, ghaDatara ane vikasanamAM onA thakI thayelA poSaNanuM mUlya jarIkeya ochu na AMkIo. 65 [gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA gAMdhInagara khAte Dise. 2007mAM yojAyelA 44mA saMmelanamAM vivecana vibhAganI beThakamAM apAyeluM vaktavya] 7, kRSNa pArka, gaganavihAra sAme, khAnapura, amadAvAda - 1

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66 anusandhAna 46 prAcIna jaina sAhityameM Ayurveda tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa DA. jagadIzacandra jaina (bhUmikA : sva. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina prAkRta sAhitya ke jAne-mAne vidvAn the| unakA yaha aprakAzita lekha DaoN. madhusUdana DhAMkIne bhejA hai / cUMki isa lekha meM eka aisA vivAdAspada muddA cheDA gayA hai ki jise chApane se sampradAya meM virodha ho sakatA thA, isalie paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA sameta kisI vidvAnne ise prakAzita nahIM kiyA thA / lekina eka ghaTanAko lekara buddhimAn yA vicArazIla loga kyA soca va mAna sakate haiM, usakI jAnakArI bhI hameM milanI to jarUra cAhie / isI Azaya se yahAM vaha lekha yathAvat prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / maiMne DaoN. DhAMkI ko kahA ki isake prativAda ke rUpa meM maiM merA yAnI paramparA kA mantavya bhI likhuMgA / unhoMne premapUrvaka sahamatI darzAI ki jarUra likheM / ataH DaoN. jaina kA lekha va usakA prativAda donoM yahAM prastuta hai / - zI.) Ayurveda kA artha hai Ayuko jAnane vAlA zAstra, arthAt jisa zAstra meM Ayu ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jAtA ho athavA jisa zAstra ke dvArA dIrgha AyukI prApti hotI ho, use Ayurveda kahate hai (Ayurasmin vidyate'nena vA AyurvindatItyAyurvedaH) / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAcIna bhArata ke Arya jIvita rahane ke lie atyanta utsuka the / 'tU sau zarad Rtuo taka jIvita raha' (tvaM jIva zaradaH zatam) - Rgveda kA yaha vAkya, tathA dIrgha jIvana kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA AyuSToma yajJa isa kathana ke sAkSI vedoM kI saMkhyA cAra hai - Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda / ina cAra vedoM ke cAra upaveda haiM - Rgveda kA upaveda Ayurveda (vyAsa ke caraNavyUha aura zaMkara ke Ayurveda ke matAnusAra; jabaki suzrutasaMhitA aura hastyAyurveda meM use atharvaveda kA upaveda kahA hai), yajurveda kA upaveda dhanurveda, sAmaveda kA upaveda gAndharvaveda aura atharvaveda kA upaveda sthApatyazAstraveda batAyA gayA hai / suzrutasaMhitA ke Ayurvedotpatti adhyAya meM

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Disembara 2008 67 Ayurveda ke lie kevala vedakA prayoga karate hue use anAdi aura zAzvata kahA hai| kahate haiM ki pratyeka sRSTi ke Arambha meM brahmadeva Ayurveda kA prarUpaNa karate haiM / sRSTi kI utpatti ke pUrva unake dvArA 1 hajAra adhyAyoM meM 1 lAkha zloko meM Ayurveda kI racanA kI huI batAyI jAtI hai; tatpazcAt manuSyoM kI svalpa buddhi ke anusAra unhoM ne ise ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA / yadyapi Ayurveda ko vedakA upAMga mAnA gayA hai, lekina isa zAstra ke jIvanopayogI hone ke kAraNa veda kI apekSA bhI isakA mahattva adhika batAyA gayA hai / suzruta meM kahA hai ki vedoM kA adhyayana karane se to kevala svarga kI prApti Adi paralaukika phala kI hI upalabdhi hotI hai, jabaki Ayurveda ke abhyAsa se dhana, mAna Adi sAMsArika sukha, tathA vyAdhi-pIr3itoM ko jIvana-dAna dene se svargaprApti Adi kA lAbha bhI milatA hai / aSTAMgasaMgraha meM isa sambandha meM eka zloka hai - kvaciddharmaH kvacinmitraM kvacidarthaH kvacidyazaH / karmAbhyAsa: kvacicceti cikitsA nAsti niSphalA / -- zArIrika cikitsA karane se kahIM dharma kI prApti hotI hai, kahIM mitra kI, kahIM dhana kI kahIM yaza kI aura kahIM svakarma kA abhyAsa hotA hai, ataH cikitsA kabhI niSphala nahIM jAtI / vyAdhi se pIr3ita rogiyoM ke roga ko zAnta karanA aura svAsthya kI rakSA karanA - yaha Ayurveda kA uddezya hai / Ayurveda ke mukhya do sampradAya hai- eka kAyacikitsA aura dUsarA zalyacikitsA / donoM sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne apane-apane viSaya ke aneka granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA, lekina durbhAgya se inameM se adhikAMza grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / bhagavAn dhanvantari (dhanvaM zalyazAstraM tasya antaM pAraM iyati gacchatIti) se maharSi suzrutane zalyapradhAna Ayurveda kI zikSA prApta kara suzrutasaMhitA kI racanA kI thI, zalyacikitsA ko Ayurveda kA mukhya aMga batAte hue suzrutasaMhitA ke sUtrasthAna meM deva aura dAnavoM ke yuddha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kahate haiM ki deva aura dAnavoM ke yuddha meM paraspara ke prahAra se jo yoddhA ghAyala hue, unake ghAvoM kI marahama-paTTI karane tathA yajJa ke kaTe hue sira kA sandhAna karane

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anusandhAna 46 ke kAraNa zalyacikitsA ko Ayurveda kA mukhya aMga mAna liyA gayA / jainoM kI Ayurveda sambandhI mAnyatA jaina granthoM meM Ayurveda (cikitsAzAstra) kA mahattva pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, lekina phira bhI Azcarya kI bAta hai ki usakI gaNanA pApazrutoM meM kI hai' / nizIthacUrNI (15, pR. 512) meM dhanvantari kA yogI (Agamokta vidhi se kriyA karane vAlA; AgamAnusAreNa jahuttaM kiriyaM kareMto jogIva bhavati) ke rUpa meM ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki apane vibhaMgajJAna dvArA rogoM kA paricaya prApta kara usane vaidyakazAstra kA nirmANa kiyA, aura isa zAstra kA adhyayana karane vAle mahAvaidya kahalAye / Ayurveda ke ATha aMga : suzruta Adi brAhmaNa granthoM kI bhAMti jainoM ke sthAnAMga sUtra (8, pR. 404 a) meM Ayurveda ke nimnalikhita ATha aMgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai- (1) kumArabhicca (kaumArabhRtya; bAlakoM ke poSaNa ke lie stanapAna sambandhI tathA anya rogoM kI cikitsA), (2) salAga (zAlAkya; karNa, mukha, nAsikA Adi zarIra ke UrdhvabhAga ke rogoM kI cikitsA), (3) sallahattha (zAlyahatya; tRNa, kASTha, pASANa, rajaHkaNa, lohA, miTTI, asthi, nakha Adi zalyoM kA uddharaNa), (4) kAyatigicchA (kAyacikitsA; zarIra sambandhI jvara, atisAra Adi rogoM kI cikitsA), (5) jaMgolI athavA jaMgola (kauTilya arthazAstra meM jAMgali; sarpa, kITa, lUtA Adi tathA vividha prakAra ke mizrita viSa kI cikitsA / suzruta meM ise agadatantra kahA hai), (6) bhUyavijjA (bhUtavidyA; deva, asura, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa Adi se pIr3ita cittavAloM kI zAntikarma aura, balidAna Adi dvArA cikitsA), (7) rasAyaNa (rasAyana; 1. utpAta, nimitta, mantrazAstra, AkhyAyikA, cikitsA, kalAe~, AvaraNa (vAstuvidyA), ajJAna (mahAbhArata Adi-TIkA), mithyApravacana (buddhazAsana Adi-TIkA)- ye pApazruta haiM, sthAnAMga 9.678 / 2. suzruta ke anusAra brahmAne dakSaprajApati ko, dakSaprajApatine azvinIkumAroM ko. azvinIkumAroMne indra ko, indrane dhanvantariko aura dhanvantarine suzruta ko Ayurveda kI zikSA dI /

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Disembara 2008 tAruNya kI sthApanA tathA Ayu aura buddhi ke bar3hAne aura roga zAnta karane ke lie cikitsA), (8) vAjIkaraNa (athavA khArataMta = kSAratantra; alpavIrya, kSINavIrya aura zuSkavIrya puruSoM meM vIrya kI puSTi, vIrya kA utpAdana aura harSa utpanna karane kA upAya) / roga aura vyAdhi chedasUtroM ke TIkAkAroM ne roga aura vyAdhi meM antara batAte hue, adhika samaya taka rahane vAlI athavA bahuta samaya meM prANoM kA apaharaNa karane vAlI bImArI ko roga, tathA prANoM kA zIghra apaharaNa karane vAlI bImArI ko vyAdhi kahA hai (nizIthabhASya 11.3646-47) / vyAdhi ko AtaMka bhI kahA gayA hai| solaha prakAra ke roga aura solaha prakAra kI vyAdhiyAM batAyI gayI haiN| ___ AcArAMga sUtra (6.1.173 tathA TIkA) meM solaha rogoM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM - (1) gaMDI (gaMDamAlA; jisa meM gardana phUla jAtI hai), (2) kuSTha (kor3ha),2 (3) rAyaMsI (rAjyakSmA = kSaya), (4) avamAriya (apasmAra), (5) 1. suzrutasaMhitA (1.1.7) meM zalyatantra, zAlAkyatantra, kAyacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, kaumArabhRtya, agadatantra, rasAyanatantra aura vAjIkaraNatantra - isa krama se ATha aMga batAye haiM / ina meM kAyacikitsA aura zalyatantra ko chor3akara anya aMgoM ke grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / dhanvantari ke samaya se hI kAyacikitsA ko chor3akara anya sampradAya prAyaH vilupta hue mAne jAte haiM / kuSTha 18 prakAra kA hotA hai - 7 mahAkuSTha aura 11 kSudrakuSTha / mahAkuSTha (aMgrejI meM leprasI) ko zarIra kI samasta dhAtuoM meM praveza karane ke kAraNa asAdhya kahA hai| mahAkuSTha ke sAta bheda haiM- (1) aruNa (vAta ke kAraNa kiMcit raktavarNa, kSudra AkAra kA, phailanevAlA, pIr3A denevAlA, phaTanevAlA aura sparza kI cetanA se zUnya), (2) audumbara (pitta ke kAraNa pake gUlara ke samAna AkRti aura varNavAlA), (3) nizya (yaha pATha azuddha jAna par3atA hai| suzruta meM ise RSyajika kahA hai, arthAt RSya nAmaka hariNa kI jIbha ke samAna khurajarA), (4) kapAla (kAle ThIkare ke samAna pratIta honevAlA), (5) kAkanAda (suzruta meM kAkaNaka; guMjAphalake samAna atyanta rakta aura kRSNavarNavAlA; kAzyapasaMhitA (pR. 82) meM kAkaNaM), (6) pauNDarIka (suzruta meM puNDarIka; kapha ke kAraNa zveta kamalapatra ke samAna varNavAlA; kAzyapasaMhitA meM pauNDarIka), (7) dadru (dAda; atasI ke puSpa ke samAna nIlavarNa athavA tAmravarNavAlA, phailanevAlA; isameM choTI

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70 anusandhAna 46 kANiya (akSiroga), (6) jhimiya (jar3atA), (7) kuNiya (hInAMgatva), (8) khujjitha (kubar3Apana), (9) udararoga, (10) mUya(gUMgApana), (11) sUNIya (zarIra kI sUjana), (12) gilAsaNi (bhasmaka), (13) bevai (kaMpana), (14) pIDhasappi (paMgutva), (15) silIvaya (zlIpada = phIlapAMva), aura (16) madhumeha / vipAkasUtra meM solaha vyAdhiyoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM - (1) zvAsa, (2) kAsa (khAMsI), (3) jvara, (4) dAha, (5) kukSizUla, (6) bhagaMdara, (7) arza (bavAsIra), (8) ajIrNa, (9) dRSTizUla, (10) mUrdhazUla, (11) choTI phusiyAM uTha AtI haiM) / 11 kSudrakuSThoM ke nAma haiM - (1) sthUlAruSka (isake kAraNa sandhiyoM meM atyanta dAruNa, sthUla aura kaThina gUmar3he ho jAte haiM), (2) mahAkuSTha (tvacA meM sikur3ana aura darAra par3a jAtI hai aura vaha sunna ho jAtI hai), (3) ekakuSTha (zarIra kAlA syAha aura lAla ho jAtA hai), (3) carmadala (jisa meM hAtha-paira ke khAja,pIr3A,jalana aura sUjana ho jAya). (4) parisarpa (jisameM sravaNa karanevAlI phusiyAM zarIra meM dhIre-dhIre phailatI hoM), (5) visarpa (jisameM rakta aura mAMsa ko dUSita kara, mUrchA, jalana, arati aura pIr3A utpanna karake, tvacA pakakara zIghra hI cAroM aura phaila jAye), (6) sidhma (isa meM khAja AtI hai; yaha zveta hotA hai, isa meM kaSTa nahIM hotA, yaha kSudra AkAra kA hotA hai, aura prAyaH zarIra ke Urdhva bhAga meM hotA hai), (7) vicarcikA athavA vipAdikA (vicarcikA meM hAthoM aura pAMvoM meM bahuta khAja AtI hai, pIr3A hotI hai aura rUkhI-rUkhI rekhAeM par3a jAtI hai, yahI jaba pAMvoM meM pahuMcakara khAja, jalana aura vedanA paidA kara detA hai to ise vipAdikA (vivAI) kahA jAtA hai), (8) kiTima (yaha bahatA rahatA hai, golAkAra aura ghana hotA hai; isa meM bahuta khAja AtI hai, yaha cikanA aura kRSNavarNa kA hotA hai), (9) pAmA (yaha bahatA rahatA hai, isa meM khAja aura jalana hone se choTI-choTI phusiyAM ho jAtI haiM / aMgrejI meM ekz2ImA kahate haiM), (10) kacchU (jaba pAmA meM atyanta jalana hone lagatI hai to ise kacchU kahate haiM), (11) zatAruka, (suzruta meM rakasA; jisa meM khAja AtI ho aura phusiyAM na bahatI hoM; kAzyapasaMhitA meM zatAhaSka.) / tathA dekhie suzruta, nidAnasthAna adhyAya 5 / 1. tathA dekhie vipAkasUtra 1, pR. 7; nizIthabhASya 11.3646; uttarAdhyayanasUtra 10.27 /

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Disembara 2008 71 arocaka (bhojana meM aruci), (12) akSivedanA, (13) karNavedanA, (14) kaNDU (khujalI), (15) jalodara, (16) kuSTha / anya rogoM meM dubbhUya (durbhUta = Iti. TiDDIdalakA upadrava), kularoga, grAmaroga, nagararoga, maMDalaroga, zIrSavedanA, oSThavedanA, nakhavedanA, dantavedanA, kacchU, khasara (khasarA), pANDuroga, ekado-tIna-cAra dina ke antarAla se AnevAlA jvara, indragraha, dhanurgraha (vAyu ke kAraNa zarIra kA kubaDA ho jAnA), skandagraha, kumAragraha, yakSagraha, bhUtagraha, udvega, hRdayazUla, udarazUla, yonizUla, mahAmArI, valgulI (jI macalAnA) aura viSakumbha (phur3iyA) Adi kA ullekha milatA hai / rogoM kI utpatti vaidyazAstra meM vAta, pitta aura kapha ko samasta rogoM kA mUla kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra (9.667) meM rogotpatti ke nau kAraNa kahe haiM - (1) AvazyakatA se adhika bhojana karanA, (2) ahitakara bhojana karanA, (3) AvazyakatA se adhika sonA, (4) AvazyakatA se adhika jAgaraNa karanA, (5) purISa kA nirodha karanA, (6) mUtra kA nirodha karanA, (7) rAstA calanA, (8) bhojana kI pratikUlatA aura (9) kAmavikAra / purISa ke rokane se maraNa, mUtra ke rokane se dRSTi kI hAni aura vamana ke rokane se kor3ha kA honA batAyA gayA hai / (bRhatkalpabhASya 3.4380) / jainazramaNoM ko rogajanya saMkaTa jaina zramaNa saMyama kA pAlana karane ke lie dRDhatApUrvaka AhAra vihAra sambandhI vrata-niyamoM kA AcaraNa karate the / jaise gaMgA ke ulaTe srota ko pAra karanA, samudra ko bhujAoM se tiranA, bAlU ke grAsa ko bhakSaNa karanA, asi kI dhAra para calanA, lohe ke cane cabAnA, prajvalita agni kI zikhA pakar3anA aura mandAra parvata ko tarAjU para tolanA kaThina hai, vaise hI zramaNadharma ke AcaraNa ko mahAduSkara batAyA hai| phira bhI zarIra meM utpanna honevAlI 1. nizIthabhASya 11.3647 meM nimnalikhita ATha vyAdhiyAM batAyI gayI hai jvara, zvAsa, kAsa, dAha, atisAra, bhagaMdara, zUla, ajIrNa / tathA dekhie jJAtRdharmakathA 13, pR. 144 (vaidya saMskaraNa) / 2. jambUdvIpaprajJapti 24, pR. 120; jIvAbhigama 3, pR. 153; vyAkhyAprajJapti 3.6 /

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72 anusandhAna 46 vyAdhiyoM ko kaise rokA jA sakatA thA ? sAmAnyatayA vyAdhigrasta ho jAne para jaina sAdhu ko cikitsA karAne aura auSadhi sevana karane kA niSedha hai, aura jaise bhI ho sarvatra saMyama kI pratiSThA kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai| lekina kitane hI prasaMga aise upasthita hote, jabaki saMyama kI apekSA apanI rakSA karanA adhika Avazyaka ho jAtA (savvattha saMjamaM saMjamAo appANameva rakkhaMto-nizIthacUrNI, pIThikA 451) / bRhatkalpabhASya kI vRtti (1.2900) meM kahA hai zarIraM dharmasaMyuktaM rakSaNIyaM prayatnataH / zarIrAcchravate dharmaH parvatAt salilaM yathA / / - jaise parvata se jala pravAhita hotA hai, vaise hI zarIra se dharma pravAhita hotA hai, ata eva dharmayukta zarIra kI yatnapUrvaka rakSA karanI cAhie / vyAdhiyoM kA upacAra kahanA na hogA ki kisI asAdhAraNa roga yA vyAdhi se pIr3ita hone para sAdhuoM ko cikitsA karAne ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA thA / udAharaNa ke lie, kor3ha ho jAne para jaina zramaNoM ko dAruNa kaSTa kA sAmanA karanA par3atA / yadi unheM galA huA kor3ha ho jAtA, unake khujalI (kacchU) ho jAtI, unake kor3ha meM khAja (kiTibha) Ane lagatI, yA jUMe paidA ho jAtI to unheM nirloma carma para liTAyA jAtA (bRhatkalpabhASya 3.3839-40) / yadi ve ekz2ImA(pAmA) se pIr3ita rahate to use zAnta karane ke lie mer3he kI purISa aura gomUtra kAma meM liyA jAtA (oghaniyukti 368, pR. 134-a) / yadi unake kor3ha meM kIr3e (kRmikuSTha) par3a jAte to unheM aura bhI bhayaMkara kaSTa hotA / eka bAra kisI sAdhu ke kRmikuSTha dvArA pIr3ita hone para vaidyane tela, kambalaratna aura gozIrSa candana (ekaprakAra kA sapheda candana) kA upacAra batAyA / lekina ye tInoM vastueM mileM kahAM se ? anta meM kisI vaNika ne binA mola ke hI kambala aura candana de diye / sAdhu ke zarIra meM 1. anya teloM meM zatapAkatela, haMsatela, marutela aura kalyANaghRtakA ullekha milatA hai, jagadIzacandra jaina, "jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja", pR. 316; aMgavijjA, adhyAya 50 /

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73 Disembara 2008 zatasahasratela' (zatasahasra auSadhiyoM ko pakAkara banAyA huA tela) kI mAliza kI gayI jisase tela roma kUpoM meM bhara gayA / pariNAma yaha huA ki kuSTha ke kRmi saMkSubdha hokara jhar3ane lge| Upara se sAdhu ko kambala ur3hA diyA gayA jisase saba kRmi kambala para laga gaye / bAda meM gozIrSacandana kA lepa karane se rogI kA kor3ha zAnta ho gayA / " sarpadaMSTa bhI isI prakAra kI ghAtaka bImArI samajhI jAtI thI / una dinoM sarpoM kA bahuta upadrava thA, isalie yadi kabhI kisI sAdhu ko sarpa kATa letA, use haijA (visUcikA) ho jAtA yA vaha jvara se pIr3ita hotA to usake lie sAdhvIke mUtrapAna kA vidhAna hai / sarpadaMza para mantra par3hakara aSTadhAtu ke bane hue bAle (kaTaka) bAMdha diye jAte yA muMha meM miTTI bharakara sarpa ke DaMka ko cUsa liyA jAtA, yA daMza ke cAroM ora miTTI kA lepa kara dete, nahIM to rogI ko miTTI kA bhakSaNa karAyA jAtA jisase ki khAlI peTa meM viSa kA asara na ho / kabhI sarpa se daSTa sthAnako Agase dAga dete, yA usa sthAna ko kATa dete, yA rogI ko rAtabhara jagAye rakhate / bamI kI miTTI, lavaNa aura secana Adi ko bhI sarpadaMza meM upayogI batAyA gayA hai / " sarpa kA jahara zAnta karane ke lie rogI ko suvarNa ghisakara bhI pilAyA jAtA thA / 6 bhUta Adi dvArA kSiptacitta ho jAne ke kAraNa sAdhuoM kI cikitsA karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hotI thI / aisI avasthA meM unheM komala bandhanase bAMdhakara rakkhA jAtA, aura kitanI hI bAra sthAna ke abhAva meM unheM kueM 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pR. 133 / 2. vinayapiTakake bhaiSajyaskandha meM yaha vidhAna hai / tathA auSadhi ke rUpa meM mUtragrahaNa ke lie dekhie suzruta, sUtrasthAna 45.217-229 / 3. nizIthabhASya pIThikA 170 / sarpadaMza kI cikitsA ke lie dekhie mahAvagga 6.2.9, pR. 224 ( bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapakA saMskaraNa) / 4. nizIthabhASya pIThikA 230. 7. 6. vyavahAra bhASya 5.89 / 8. bRhatkalpabhASya 6.6262; tathA carakasaMhitA, zarIrasthAna 2, adhyAya 9, pR. 1088 ( bhAskara goviMda ghANekara kA saMskaraNa) / 5. vahI 394 / vahI 2.122-25 /

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anusandhAna 46 ke andara rakhavA diyA jAtA / sAdhvI ke yakSAviSTa ho jAne para bhUtacikitsA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / yadi kisI sAdhvI ko UrdhvavAta calatA ho, bavAsIra ho gayI ho, zUla uThA karatA ho, usake hAtha-pAMva apane sthAna se cala gaye hoM, zarIra ke kisI eka athavA sarva aMga meM vAta utpanna huA ho to use abhyaMgita karake nirloma carma meM rakhane kA vidhAna hai| isI prakAra yadi use har3akAyA kuttA kATa le to carma se veSTita karake use vyAghra ke carma meM sulAne kA Adeza hai / ' vaidyakazAstra ke paNDita nizIthacUrNI (4.1957) meM vaidyakazAstra ke paNDitoM ko dRSTapAThI' kahA gayA hai / jaina granthoM meM aneka vaidya (zAstra aura cikitsA donoM meM kuzala), vaidyaputra, jJAyaka(kevala zAstra meM kuzala), jJAyakaputra, cikitsaka (kevala cikitsAmeM kuzala) aura cikitsakaputroM kA ullekha milatA hai / vaidya-loga apane zastrakoza' lekara ghara se nikalate tathA roga kA nidAna jAnakara abhyaMga, ubaTana, snehapAna, vamana, virecana, bastikarma, zirAvedha, zirobasti, puTapAka, chAla, vallI, mUla, kanda, patra, puSpa, guTikA, auSadha aura bhaiSajya Adi dvArA rAjA, Izvara, sArthavAha, anAtha, zramaNa, brAhmaNa, bhikSuka Adi kI cikitsA karate the / cikitsAzAlAoM (aspatAla) kA ullekha milatA hai jahAM vetana pAnevAle aneka vaidya kAma karate the / 1. bRhatkalpabhASya 3.3815-17 / carma ke upayoga ke lie dekhie - suzruta, sUtrasthAna 7-4, pR. 42 / 2. oghaniyuktibhASya kI TIkA (pR. 41-a) meM caraka-suzruta Adi ke paNDita ko dRSTapAThI kahA hai / 3. suzruta (1.4.47-50) meM kevala zAstra meM kuzala, kevala cikitsA meM kuzala tathA zAstra aura cikitsA donoM meM kuzala vaidyoM kA ullekha hai / 4. nizIthacUrNI (11.3436) meM pratakSaNa zastra (sarpadaMSTake samaya Upara se thoDI sI tvacA kATane ke lie), aMgulIzastra (nakhabhaMga kI rakSArtha), zirAvedhazastra (nAr3I bedhakara rakta nikAlane ke lie), kalpanazastra, lohakaMTikA, saMDasI, anuvedhazalAkA, vrIhimukha aura sUcImukha nAmaka zastroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 5. vipAkasUtra 7, pR. 41 / 6. jJAtRdharmakathA 13, pR. 143 /

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Disembara 2008 75 vaidya loga cIraphAr3a bhI karate the / jainasUtroM meM do prakAra ke vraNa batAye gaye haiM - tadbhava aura Agantuka / kuSTha, kiTibha, dadrU, vicarcikA, pAmA aura gaMDAliyA (peTa ke kRmi)- ye tadbhava vraNa haiM, tathA jo vraNa khaDga, kaNTaka, lUMTha, zirAvedha, sarpa athavA kutte ke kATane se paidA ho use Agantuka vraNa kahA gayA hai / 2 vaidya vraNoM ko pAnI se dhokara una para tela, ghI, carbI aura makkhana Adi capaDate aura gAya, bhaiMsa Adi kA gobara lagAte / 3 gaNDamAlA, arza aura bhagandara Adi rogoM para zastrakriyA kI jAtI thI / isake sivAya, vaidyaloga yuddha Adi meM ghAva laga jAne para marahamapaTTI karate the / yuddha ke samaya ve auSadha, vraNapaTTa, mAliza kA sAmAna, vraNarohaka tela, vraNasaMrohaka cUrNa, bahuta purAnA ghI Adi sAthameM lekara yuddhasthala para pahuMcate aura AvazyakatA par3ane para ghAvoM ko sIte / jaina sAdhuoM kI cikitsA vyAdhi se grasta hone para jaina sAdhuoM ko apanI cikitsA ke lie dUsaroM para avalambita rahanA par3atA thA / yadi koI sAdhu cikitsA meM kuzala huA to ThIka, nahIM to rogI ko kuzala vaidya ko dikhAnA par3atA thA / aisI hAlata meM yadi glAna sAdhu ko vaidya ke ghara le jAnA par3atA aura mArgajanya AtApanA Adi ke kAraNa usakA prANAnta ho jAtA to vaidya rogI ko vahAM lAne vAle sAdhuoM ko AkrozapUrNa vacana kahatA / aisI hAlata meM saguna vicAra kara hI vaidya ke ghara rogI ko le jAne yA use bulAkara lAne kA Adeza hai / yadi vaidya eka dhotI pahane ho, tela kI mAliza karA rahA ho, ubaTana lagavA rahA ho, rAkha ke Dhera yA kUr3I ke pAsa khar3A ho, cIra-phAr3a kara rahA ho, ghaTa yA tumbIko phAr3a rahA ho yA vaha zirAbheda kara rahA ho to usa samaya 1. vRNoti yasmAt rUDhe'pi, vraNavastu na nazyati / AdehadhAraNAttasmAd, vraNa ityucyate budhaiH // - suzruta, sUtrasthAna 21.39 / 2. nizIthabhASya 3.1501 / 3. nizIthasUtra 3.22-24; 12.32; nizIthabhASya 12.4199 / 4. nizIthasUtra 3.34 / 5. vyavahArabhASya 5.100-103 /

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76 anusandhAna 46 usake kucha nahIM pUchanA cAhie / kitane hI prasaMga aise upasthita hote jaba rogI ke atyadhika rugNa hone para vaidya ko sAdhuoM ke upAzraya meM bulAkara lAyA jAtA / usa samaya AcArya svayaM uThakara vaidya ko rogI ko dikhAte aura AvazyakatA hone para sAdhuoM ko usake snAna, zayana, vastra, bhojana tathA dakSiNA Adi kI vyavasthA karanI par3atI / / hariNegameSI dvArA mahAvIra ke garbha kA apaharaNa jaina sUtroM meM hariNegameSI ko indra kI senA ke senApati (pAyattANIyAhivai) ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| kahate haiM ki indra ke Adeza se hariNegameSIne avasvApinI vidyA ke bala se brAhmaNakuNDagrAma kI devadattA (devAnandA) nAmaka brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita mahAvIra kA apaharaNa karake unheM kSatriyakuNDagrAma kI trizalA kSatriyANI ke garbha meM avatarita kara diyA / garbhaharaNa kI isa ghaTanA kA saMkSipta nirdeza AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM hai / tathA vizeSa varNana vyAkhyAprajJapti (5.3) meM upalabdha hotA hai / . mahAvIra ke garbhaharaNa kI ghaTanA yadyapi AcArAMga aura vyAkhyAprajJapti jaise prAcIna sUtra meM milatI hai, phira bhI lagatA hai ki yaha ghaTanA pUrI taurase logoM ke manameM AsthA na paidA kara sakI / sthAnAMga (10) sUtra meM garbhaharaNa 1. tulanA kIjie suzruta, sUtrasthAna 29, adhyAya ke sAtha / yahA~ vaidya ke pAsa jAne vAle dUta kA darzana, sambhASaNa, veSa, ceSTA, tathA nakSatra, velA, tithi, nimitta, zakuna, vAyu, vaidya kA deza tathA usakI zArIrika, mAnasika aura vAcika ceSTAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / 2. bRhatkalpabhASya 1.1910-2013; vyavahArabhASya 5.89-90; nizIthasUtra 10.36 39; bhASya 2966-3122 / / 3. kalpasUtra 2.26 / vidyA aura mantra meM antara batAte hue vidyA ko strI-devatA aura mantra ko hariNegameSI Adi puruSa-devatAoM dvArA adhiSThita kahA gayA hai, bRhatkalpabhASya 1.1235 / / 4. aMtagaDasUtra (3, pR. 12) meM hariNegameSIkA ullekha bhadrilapura ke nAgagRhapati kI patnI sulasA aura kRSNa kI mAtA devakI kA paraspara garbha-parivartana karanevAle ke rUpa meM AyA hai / Age calakara kRSNane hariNegameSIkI upAsanA dvArA apane laghu bhrAtA ke rUpa meM gajasukumAlako prApta kiyA /

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77 Disembara 2008 kI ghaTanA kA dasa Azcaryo meM ginA jAnA kyA isa tathya kI ora iMgita nahIM karatA ? tIrthaMkara nIca kuloM meM janma nahIM lete garbhaharaNa kI ghaTanA sambhavata: jaba sarvasAdhAraNa ke buddhigrAhya na huI to eka aura kalpanA kI gayI / isa bAta kI ghoSaNA kI gaI ki arahanta, cakravartI, baladeva aura vAsudeva kabhI tuccha, daridra, kRpaNa, bhikSu aura brAhmaNa kuloM meM janma dhAraNa nahIM karate / avazya hI yaha kalpanA pahale kI apekSA kucha adhika buddhisaMgata jAna par3atI thI, lekina phira bhI garbhaharaNa kI gutthI jyoM-kI-tyoM banI rahI / garbha-saMkramaNa kI anya sambhAvanAeM 'garbha-saMkramaNa jaise azakya kArya ko devake hastakSepa dvArA zakya banAne kI kalpanA ko zAstra meM kyoM sthAna diyA gayA ?' isakI UhApoha karate hue suprasiddha vidvAn paNDita sukhalAlajI saMghavIne isa praznakA samAdhAna do rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai- (1) trizalA siddhArtha kI anyatama patnI rahI hogI jisakA apanA koI aurasa putra nahIM thA / strI-sulabha putravAsanA kI pUrti ke lie usane devAnandA ke putra ko apanA putra banAkara rakhA hogA, (2) mahAvIra yadyapi bAlya avasthA se hiMsaka yajJa aura kriyAkANDa-pradhAna brAhmaNa paramparA meM pale the, lekina kisI nirgrantha bhikSu ke samparka meM Ane ke kAraNa unakI tyAgavRtti balavatI ho uThI hogI (cAra tIrthaMkara pR. 110-11) / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki yaha spaSTIkaraNa santoSajanaka nahIM lagatA / DAkTara e. ke. kumArasvAmIne apanI 'spiricyuala oNthoriTI eNDa Taimporela pAvara' (pR. 32 kA 24 vAM phuTanoTa) nAmaka pustaka meM isa viSaya kI bhinna prakAra se hI samIkSA kI hai| unakA mata hai ki Rgveda meM ullikhita yama aura yamIko bhAI-bahana na samajhakara unheM AkAza aura pRthvI athavA dina 1. kalpasUtra 2.22; AvazyakacUrNI, pR. 239 / bauddhoM kI nidAnakathA 1, pR. 65 meM kahA hai ki buddha kSatriya athavA brAhmaNa nAma kI UMcI jAtiyoM meM hI janma lete haiM, nIcI jAtiyoM meM nahIM /

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78 anusandhAna 46 aura rAtri kA hI pratIka samajhanA caahie| isI taraha DaoNkTara sAhaba kA kathana hai ki sauramaNDala ke jina vIra puruSoM kA janma dvimAtAoM se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unake janma ko vAstava meM divya-mAnava - janma samajhanA cAhie, jisakI bhaviSyavANI pahalese hI aneka rUpa meM kI jA cukI hotI hai / lekhaka ne yahAM haireklIz2a, agni, buddha, mahAvIra aura IsAmasIha ke udAharaNa prastuta kara apane kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai / garbha - saMkramaNa kA yaha spaSTIkaraNa AdhyAtmika hI adhika hai, yathArthatA kA aMza isa meM bhI nahIM hai / naigameSApahRta- eka roga yaha ThIka-ThIka kahanA kaThina hai ki hariNegameSI dvArA mahAvIra kA garbha apahRta kiye jAne kI kalpanA jaina sUtroM meM kaba se rUDha ho gayI, lekina vaidyakazAstra se patA calatA hai ki naigameSApahRta eka prakAra kA lIna garbha hai jise upazuSkaka athavA nAgodara bhI kahA gayA hai / kabhI srotoM ke, vAta- upadrava se pIr3ita hone ke kAraNa garbha sUkha jAtA hai, mAtA kI kukSi meM vaha pUrNatayA vyApta nahIM hotA aura usakI halacala manda par3a jAtI hai| isase kukSi kI jitanI vRddhi honI cAhie utanI nahIM ho paatii| isa garbha ke kadAcit acAnaka zAnta ho jAne para ise naigameSApahRta kahA gayA hai / vastutaH vAtavikRti kA hI yaha pariNAma hai, lekina bhUta-pizAca meM vizvAsa karane vAle ise naigameSApahRta kahane lage / garbha ke sUkha jAne ke kAraNa ise upazuSkaka, aura kadAcit zanaiH-zanai: lIna ho jAne ke kAraNa ise nAgodara kahA hai / isa roga ke nivAraNa ke lie strI kI mRdu sneha Adi se cikitsA karane kA vidhAna hai ( dekhie, suzruta, zArIrasthAna, 1061) / ataeva prastuta prasaMga meM hariNegameSI dvArA garbha apahRta kiye jAne kA yahI artha yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai ki naigameSApahRta roga se grasta hone ke kAraNa devAnandA brAhmaNI kA garbha acAnaka zAnta ho gayA, aura garbhAvasthA ko prApta trizalA kSatriyANIne nau mahIne pazcAt santAna ko prasava kiyA / isa samaya se devAnandA ke garbhaharaNa kI kiMvadantI loka meM prasiddha ho gayI aura bAda meM calakara isa kiMvadantI ko buddhisaMgata banAne ke lie isake sAtha brAhmaNoM kI apekSA kSatriya jAti kI zreSThatA kI mAnyatA jor3a dI gayI /

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Disembara 2008 72 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa : eka vAstavika ghaTanA vijayazIlacandrasUri bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana aneka viziSTa evaM vilakSaNa ghaTanAoM se bharA jIvana thA / unake jIvana meM aneka ghaTanAeM aisI ghaTita huI thI, jo yA to sanasanIkheja banane kI guMjAiza rakhatI thI, yA to apArthiva lagatI thI / aisI hI eka ghaTanA thI - 'garbhApahAra' kI ghaTanA / jaina AgamoM ke anusAra tIrthaGkara brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna nahIM hote, ata: mAtA devAnandAnAmaka brAhmaNastrI kI kokha meM avatarita hue mahAvIra ko, indra ke nirdezako pA kara, hari-naigameSI nAmaka devane, devAnandA kI kokha meM se lekara, trizalA kSatriyANI kI kokha meM sthApita kiye the / isa ghaTanA ko jaina AgamoM meM 'garbhApahAra' yA 'garbhasaMkramaNa' aise nAma se pahacAnI gaI hai| kaI loga, jo vidvAn hai evaM vijJAna kI- vaijJAnika-dRSTi se socate haiM, isa ghaTanA ko avAstavika evaM kAlpanika mAnate haiM / unakI rAya meM garbhastha bhrUNa kA isa prakAra kukSi-parivartana ho, aura vaha bhI 2600 sAla pUrva, yaha nitAnta azakya hai aura avaijJAnika bhI / unhoMne isa ghaTanA kA hala apanI buddhi se DhUMDha nikAlA bhI hai / jaise ki paNDita sukhalAlajIne mAnA hai ki "trizalA ko koI santati nahIM hogI, aura apanI putra-lAlasA ko santuSTa karane hetu usane devAnandA ke putra ko apanA putra banAyA hogA; Age jA kara yaha bAta ko granthakAroM ne garbhApaharaNa kA rUpa de diyA hogA / ___ to DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kA mantavya aisA hai ki Ayurveda ke zAstragranthoM meM 'naigameSApahRta' nAmaka eka roga hai, jisa meM garbha kokha meM hI zuSka hotA huA mara jAtA hai / huA aisA hogA ki devAnandA kA garbha isa roga ke kAraNa mRta ho gayA hogA, aura usI ke sAtha sAtha sagarbhA banI trizalAne putra paidA kiyA hogA, to logoMne use 'garbhApahAra' mAna liyA hogA / gaharAIse soce jAne para ukta donoM mAnya vidvajjanoM kI donoM prakAra

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anusandhAna 46 kI kalpanAeM avAstavika pratIta hotI hai / pahalI bAta : devAnandA aura trizalA donoM bhinna bhinna kSetroM meM nivAsa karanevAlI mahilAeM thii| phira, donoM ke bIca meM koI sakhya ho, sambandha ho, athavA donoM kabhI milI bhI ho, aisA eka bhI sAkSya yA pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA / do aurateM AtmIyatApUrNa sakhya se juDI ho aura do meM se eka apane putra ko dUsarI sakhI ko bheMTa kareM aisA honA azakya nahIM, kintu yahAM to donoM ke bIca koI anubandha hI nahIM ! isa sthiti meM aisA socanA ki 'devAnandA ke putra ko trizalAne apanA putra banA liyA hogA' kevala kliSTa evaM apratItikara, bhrAnta dhAraNAmAtra hai / dUsarI bAta : rogase garbha kA kSINa honA yaha alaga sthiti hai, aura jIvanta aura nirAmaya bhrUNa kA garbhaparivartana evaM janma honA alaga sthiti hai| granthoM meM milate pratipAdana ke anusAra, devAnandA ke garbha ko koI roga nahIM thA, aura bAda meM trizalAdevIne jise janma diyA vaha garbha/putra bhI nirAmaya hI thA / garbhasthita mahAvIra kA niHspanda honA koI bimArI nahIM thI, api tu paripakva garbhane jAna-bUjha kara nirmANa kI huI sthiti thI / aba ina donoM sthitiyoM ko joDa de kara bAta karane meM kauna sA tarka hai, samajha meM nahIM AtA / 'nAgodara' yA 'naigameSApahRta' ye donoM to garbha ko kSINa karanevAle roga kA nAma hai, aura jaina AgamoM meM jo bAta hai vaha to nirAmaya garbha ke kakSiparivartana kI bAta hai| donoM bAtoM kA mela kaise baiThegA ? / 'hari-naigameSI' deva aura 'naigameSApahRta' ye do zabdoM kI samAnatA ko lekara agara donoM bAtoM kA mela baiThAyA jAya to ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha pratItikara nahIM ho sakatA / devAnandA ko ukta roga lAgU paDA thA, usakA koI pramANa to hai nhi| jaba ki garbhasaMkramaNa ke bAre meM to ekAdhika zAstroM meM pATha mila rahe haiM ! / phira, devAnandA jaisI koI aurata ko aisA roga huA bhI ho, to usakI noMdha lene kI jaina zAstrakAra ko AvazyakatA bhI kyA hogI ? / jisa vyakti kA aura usake jIvana kI koI ghaTanA kA jaba mahAvIrasvAmI ke jIvana se koI anubandha hI nahIM hai, to usakI jikra mahAvIra-caritrakAra kyoM kareMge ? /

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Disembara 2008 brAhmaNa jAti ko hIna dikhAne ke vAste aisA kiyA gayA, aisI dalIla jarUra ho sakatI hai| lekina kisI jAtivizeSa ko hIna dikhAne ke lie, apane iSTa deva tIrthaGkara ke sAtha, itanI jugupsAjanaka (garbhApahArakI) ghaTanA joDa denA, yaha koI saccA bhakta kabhI nahi kara sakatA / bhadrabAhusvAmI yA sudharmAsvAmI jaise zrutadhara aura parama jinabhakta mahAtmA to aisI kutsita kalpanA nahIM hI kara sakate the / phira, ve svayaM bhI brAhmaNajAti ke the !! brAhmaNa hokara brAhmaNajAti kI hInatA siddha karane kI aisI ceSTA ve kareM, yaha nitAnta asambhava pratIta hotA hai| eka bAta, prasaGgataH, spaSTa honI cAhie : kalpasUtra meM jahAM kauna se kula meM tIrthaMkara paidA nahi hote usakA varNana likhA hai vahAM, antakula, prAntakula, tucchakula, daridrakula, bhikSAcarakula, kRpaNakula ke nAma likhe gaye haiM, aura inameM se eka bhI kula meM brAhmaNa jAti kA samAveza nahi karake brAhmaNakula ko usI vAkya meM alaga likhA gayA hai / agara brAhmaNa kula sarvathA hIna mAnA gayA hotA, to usakA nAma alaga na likhakara ukta kisI nAma ke antargata mAna liyA jAtA !! parantu alaga likhA gayA hai, usakA tAtparya eka hI hai ki anya sarva apekSAse ucca jAti hote hue bhI brAhmaNa jAti ko ayogya isa lie mAnA gayA hogA ki brAhmaNoM ne vedoM ke mAdhyama se pazumedha, naramedha ityAdi ghora hiMsAtmaka karmakANDoM ko dharma kA vaidha rUpa diyA thA aura unakI yajJAdirUpeNa pravRtti bhI cAlU thI / aba jaina dharma evaM usake pravartaka tIrthaGkara to Thahare ahiMsAmArga ke parama upAsaka aura kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA ko adharma mAnanevAle / aise tIrthaGkara kA avataraNa, aisI, hiMsA ko dharma mAnanevAlI jAti meM ho, yaha bAta jaina paramparA ko kisI bhI prakAra se mAnya na ho, to usameM kisI jAtivizeSa kA anAdara mAnanA ucita nahIM lagatA / eka savAla yaha bhI hotA hai ki isa rogakA nAma 'naigameSApahRta' hI kyoM ? / 'garbhakSINatA', 'garbhamRtyu', 'mRtavatsa' jaisA koI bhI sArthaka nAma na dekara aisA nirarthaka nAma kyoM diyA hogA AyurvedAcAryoMne ? / naigameSApahRta kA zabdArtha to aisA hogA ki jo (garbha) naigameSa ke dvArA apahRta ho / isa meM

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82 garbha ke kSaya kA yA maraNa kA to saMketa taka nahIM prApta hotA / agara yahAM aisI kalpanA kI jAya ki jAya ki hari - naigameSI deva ke dvArA mahAvIra kA garbhaparivartana huA, bAda meM vaha ghaTanA vyApakarUpa se loga meM samAja meM prasiddha ho gaI hogI; aura usake pazcAt koI strI ke garbha ko nAgodara jaisI bimArI ke kAraNa hAni ho, to loga usa strI ke garbha ke lie 'vaha mara gayA' yA 'kSINa ho gayA' aise AghAtajanaka zabdaprayoga ko TAla kara 'terA garbha naigameSApahRta ho gayA', yAnI 'tere garbha ko bhI naigameSa (deva) apaharaNa karake kahIM le gayA hogA' aisA kahane lage hoMge; to vaha kliSTa kalpanA nahIM hogI / anusandhAna 46 vastutaH, kitane loga jaise dharma ke andha bhagata hote haiM, vaise kitane ka loga vijJAna ke bhI andhe bhagata hote haiM / unake anusAra dharma kI ve saba bAteM galata hai, jinheM vijJAna kA AdhAra evaM samarthana nahi milatA / phira, usa purAne jamAne meM bhI vijJAna jaisI cIja thI, aisA mAnane ko ve taiyAra nahIM / aise loga TesTa TyUba bebI kI bAta ko vijJAna ke camatkAra ke nAma para svIkAra leMge, magara 2600 sAla pUrva bhI aisA koI jJAna - vijJAna thA ki jisake bala se garbhaparivartana jaisI kriyA bhI ho sakatI thI, aisA svIkAra karane meM unako parezAnI hogI / sAra yahI ki jahAM garbhApaharaNa kI ghaTanA ko kalpasUtra, AcArAGgasUtra, vivAhapannattIsUtra ityAdi AgamoM kA spaSTa samarthana hai, uparAMta, mathurAutkhanana meM mile hari - naigameSI deva dvArA garbhApahAra ke zilpa ko yAda kareM, to purAtAttvika AdhAra bhI hai; vahAM 'naigameSApahRta' rogavAlI kalpanA ko eka bhI grantha kA samarthana nahIM hai / phira bhI agara koI vidvajjana yA pRthagjana una sUtroM ko evaM isa ghaTanAko galata samajhe, 'dhArmika mAnyatA' kahakara usakA asvIkAra kare, to usakA koI ilAja va uttara nahIM hai / aise logoM kI aisI avaijJAnika kalpanA unheM hI mubAraka / hameM to yakIna hai ki kala koI vaijJAnika prakriyA kisI garbha kA TrAnsa plainTezana karake dikhAegI to ye loga bhI use vijJAna ke camatkAra ke rUpa meM, binA hicakicATake, mAna leMge !! astu /

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Disembara 2008 vihaMgAvalokana upA. bhuvanacandra prazastio, zilAlekho, pratimAlekho e itihAsamuM eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana che. anu. 45 mAM amadAvAdanA zAntidAsa zeThe bIbIpuramA bandhAvelA cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlayanI prazasti ApaNI sAme Ave che. uddhvasta thaI cUkelA A maMdiranI prazasti (86 zloka) koI muni/yatie pratamAM UtArI rAkhI haze tethI amadAvAdanA jaina itihAsanI mUlyavAna sAmagrI lupta thatAM bacI che. A prazasti adyAvadhi aprakAzita che ke kema - te sampAdakonI bhUmikAmAM spaSTa thatuM nathI. prazastimAM pANDitya ane kAvyarasa bharapUra che. prazasti/zilAlekhomAM mAtra je te mandira-mUrtinI vigato ja nahi, bandhAvanAra zreSThI-rAjA tathA pratiSThAkAraka AcArya sAthe sambaddha anya vigato paNa apAtI hoya che. prastuta prazastimAM paNa evI puSkaLa vigato che. sampAdaka munidvaye prazasti sAthe sambandhita tathyo vividha srotomAMthI meLavI yathocita vicAra-vimarza ko che ane sampAdakone chAje evo parizrama karyAnuM pramANa ApyuM che. 'caturdazasvarasthApanavAdasthalam'- e eka 'zAstrArtha' svarUpanI racanA che. vividha vyAkaraNonA matonA khaMDana-maMDanamAM racayitAnuM vyAkaraNaviSayaka jJAna jhaLakI UThe che. sattarabhedIpUjAnA viSayanI eka gujarAtI racanA A aMkamAM che. e kAvyAtmaka ochI che, varNanAtmaka vadhu che- 'pUjA' nathI, paNa pUjAvidhinI nirdezaka che. sampAdakoe noMdhyuM che tema prAcIna kALe sattarabhedI pUjA vizeSa lokapriya hatI. emAM eTaluM umerI zakAya ke anya vividha prakAranI pUjAo hatI ja nahi. ati purAtana samayamAM 'snAtramaha' hato, pachI sattarabhedI pUjAno pracAra thayo. anya pUjAo to tyAra pachI vikasI che. A stavananI vAcanAmAM thoDAM saMzodhana sthAna cheka. 18 amala amUla ka. 20 lahere] [laha]lahe

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84 anusandhAna 46 satI ka. 32 niralA niratA ka. 44 samI 'lohamahattho' (ka. 9)nuM mULa 'lomahasta' che. pUMjavA mATenuM rUMchAdAra sukomaLa upakaraNa-mayUrapiccha athavA koI suMvALA ghAsamAMthI banAvavAmAM Ave che te. ka. 19 mAM 'morI' che, teno artha 'dhariye' na thaI zake. 'morI' vAcanabhUlathI ke lipikAranI bhUlathI thayuM haze- 'corI[ye]' jevo koI zabda ahIM hoi zake. 'vAhiyA'-'dharanArA' nahi paNa 'khaMcAyelA-taNAtA' evo artha thAya. 'samyaktva stavana' zuddha rUpe chapAyuM che- arthAt tatkAlIna bhASAsvarUpa jALavIne sampAdita thayuM che. 'dharaNavihAra caturmukha stava' rasALa ane mahattvapUrNa kRti che. sampAdakazrIe kRtino sArAMza, pUrvApara paricaya, pUraka vigato potAnI AgavI zailIe ApyA che. ka. 29 : 'pAvaDiyA rAMuli' che tyAM 'pAvaDiyArI oli' pATha hovA sambhava. ka. 30 mAM 'tehajA mali' che, tene badale 'teha jAmali' vAMcaq joie. _ 'pitara' (pitR) viSe jaina-vaidika paramparAnI mAnyatA viSeno abhyAsalekha rasaprada che. _ 'jJAnamaMjarI'nI prastAvanA rUpe lakhAyelo zIlacandrasUrijIno lekha e TIkA, rasadarzana-svarUpadarzana supere karAvI jAya che. zrImada devacandrajInI A TIkAmAM mULa granthanA pAThabheda ane tenA kAraNe arthabheda Avyo che, tenAM betraNa udAharaNo lekhake calUM che. mULa granthakAre svopajJa TabAmAM artha Apyo ja hoya tyAre tenAthI bhinna artha karavAmAM aucitya keTaluM ? ema karavU ja hoya to paNa, granthakArane abhipreta artha batAvyA pachI ema karI zakAya. zrImad evaM aucitya cUke nahi. AthI eka sambhAvanA evI paNa kalpI zakAya ke svopajJa Tabo zrImadnA hAthamAM tyAM sudhI kadAca Avyo na hoya, ane tethI ja TIkA racavA teo prerAyA hoya. alabatta, e nirNaya para AvavA mATe TIkArnu Antara-bAhya parIkSaNa tathA anya tathyonI gaveSaNA karavAM paDe. lekhaka- e vidhAna ke 'jJAnamaMjarI e kevala TIkAgrantha na banI rahetAM te zrImadjI, Agaq sarjanakArya che' te nirvivAda che. jaina derAsara, nAnI khAkhara-370435, kaccha, gujarAta

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Disembara 2008 Perculiarities of Jain Maharastri Literature* (A Brief Chronological and Subject wise Survey with Critical Remarks) 85 Dr. Nalini Joshi Professor, H.N.Jain Chair, University of Pune. Introduction: Jainology or Jain studies is a wholesome branch of knowledge in the perspective of Indian Culture. The edifice of Jain Tradition is based on four pillars, viz. 1) History or Antiquity, 2) Philosophy and Logic, 3) Literature and 4) Art and Sculpture. In the early years of my career, I entered Jainism through the gateways of Prakrit languages. Therefore, when I selected "Spectrum of Jainism in Maharashtra", my attention was immediately drawn towards Jain Maharastri literature. In this paper, Iwill try to draw a brief sketch of Jain Maharastri literature with its highlighs. The variety of languages used by Jainas is stunning. No other religion in India had carried out its literary activities in various Prakrit dialects than Jainas. The ancient canonical texts of Svetambares are written in Ardhamagadhi and that of Digambaras in Jain Sauraseni. Vacaka Umasvati introduced Sanskrit in Jain literature by writing Tattvarthsutra in Sutra style (4th Cen. A.D.). Many Sve. and Dig. Acaryas continued their writing in Skt., the language of classes, up to 15th Cen. A.D.. Acarya Bhadrabahu (IInd) started commentarial work on Ardhamagadhi canons in Jain Maharastri in the 3rd Cen.A.D.by writing his Nijjuttis. All Sve. Acaryas perferred J.M. for their literary activities in Prkt. up to 15th Cen. A.D.. In the meantime the religious and the philosophical teachings were written down in manuals in verse by scholars like Kundakunda, Vattakera and * A paper presented in a National Seminar arranged by K. J. Somaiya Study Centre in Jainism, Vidyavihar, Mumbai. (20th-21st October, 2008)

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anusandhAna 46 Yativrsabha and others up to the 12th Century. All these writings are included in the scope of Jain Sauraseni. The language found in all these books is fairly uniform but differs considerably from the Jain Maharastri. Though Dig. continued their writings in JS., number of treatises is declining. Variety of subjects and literary forms is comparatively much less than that of JM. When Apabhramsa dialects took literary form, Dig. writers started their writings in Apa.. Though the first Apa. epic of Svayambhu was written in 8th - 9th Century A.D., Digambara Acaryas were in their full form between 10th up to 15th centuries. Their language is fairly uniform and constitutes the bulk of Apa. literature mostly dedicated to Caritas. The most striking feature of the Apa. literature is the fact that the whole of it is written in verses and there hardly exists any prose in it. The Apa. Works written by non-jain writers are scanty. Chronologically last part of Apa. is practically the beginning of New Indo Aryan language. The facts which we get through this brief language-sketch of Jain literatiure, gives rise to ample curiosities about the Peculiarities of JM. literature. Maharastri and Jain Maharastri In Bharata's Natyasastra, (2nd-3rd Cen. B.C.) Bhasas and Vibhasas are mentioned. Maharastri is not enumerated in it. Some Scholars try to prove that Daksinatya of Bharata is Maharastri. Others did not agree with it. In Canda's Prakstalaksana (3rd-4th Cen. A.D.) Vararuci's Prakstaprakasa (6th Cen. A.D.) and in Siddhahemavyakarana (12th Cen.A.D.) Maharastri is treated in the beginning as Samanya Prakrta or Arsa Prakrta. From the date of Dandin (6th Cen A.D.) onwards it is named Maharastri and is thought to be the best Prakrit in which famous epics were composed. (Dandin-Kavyasdarsa 1.35). He says that the language originated in Maharastra is Maharastri. Dr. Hornle points out that 'Maharastra includes Rajputana and Madhyadesa at that time. If we observe the proficiency of the Jain writers over this languge, It is quite obvious that this

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Disembara 2008 Maha-rastra (big region) includes, todays' geographical Maharastra, lower part of Gujarat, Madhyapradesh and also upper part of Karnataka. At least we can assume that the people residing in this bigger central part of India were able to understand the Maharstri used by Jain Acaryas. It is observed by the eminent scholars like Jacobi, Pischel and Konow that in classical Skt. dramas, the Prakrit used in prose passages by ladies and lower characters is Sauraseni. We can say that Maharastri used by non-Jain authors in Skt. dramas, Epics and Anthologies like Gahasattasai was quite favorable for poetical compositions. Jain Acaryas used it for both, i.e. poetry as well as prose. The scholars like Jacobi and Pischel named it as Jain Maharastri. The name become very popular and accepted by late Dr. A.M.Ghatge in Prakrit-English comprehensive dictionary. Svetambara writers started their JM. writings in 3rd Century A.D. and continued up to 15th century A.D.. In the early centuries of Charistian Era, two prominent languages were in vogue viz. Sauraseni and Maharastri. During this period, the differences between Sve. and Dig. were quite clear. Since Dig. had already started their philosophical writings in Sauraseni, naturally Sve. writers chose Maharastri for their post canonical writings. A new literary style was developed which was suitable for their philosophical, doctrinal, didactic and conductual writings. Close association of Jain Acaryas with Maharastra : Due to various reasons like severe famines, political unrest and foreign invasions, the religious activities of Jain Samgha were naturally shifted towards Madhya-desa and Southern lands. From the legendary histories of Jainas (viz. Vividhatirthakalpa, Prabandhakosa, Prabhavakacarita etc.) it is known that many influential Sve. Acaryas were in close contact with Maharastra. It is known from the history of Ancient India that after the death of Asoka, Andhrabhitya Satavahana Kings ruled over

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anusandhAna 46 Maharastra from 3rd Century B.C. up to 3rd Century A.D.. In Prabandhakosa, Rajasekhara mentions, ___ sAtavAhano'pi krameNa dakSiNApathamanRNaM vidhAya tApItIraparyaMtaM cottarApathaM hufural Facterianti yalaaa (Prabandhakosa. pp.66-74) The 17th king of this dynasty was Hala Satavahana, who become famous for his anthology viz. Gahasattasai. Gunadhya who is famous for his paisaci narrative Vaddakaha, is said to be an honoured poet in the assembly of Satavahana. Through all these legendary histories it is evident that all the Satavahanas were interested in Prakrits and especially in Maharastri. Pratistana (or Paithana) and Nasikya were the capital cities of Satavahanas. According to Prbandhakosa, Niryuktikara Bhadrabahu and Varahamihira were two brahmin brothers, residents of Pratistana. Various legendary stories of both are mentioned in this Prabandha. The famous 'Uvasaggahara Stotra' was composed by Bhadrabahu in his stay at Pratistana. After the time-lapse of 800 years, it was necessary to write cxplanatory notes on Ardhamagadhi canons. It was very much logical to write it in Prakrit, in continuation with the spirit of Lord Mahavira. Bhadrabahu wrote ten Niryuktis in Prakrit Gatha form. Since he was the resident of Pratstana he chose Maharastri language which was naturally influenced by Ardhamagadhi. Further Sve. Acaryas wrote their Bhasya and Curnis following the tradition laid down by Bhadrabahu IInd. The famous Jain Acarya Kalaka (4th Cen A.D.) came to Pratistana in the last lap of his wanderings. He had discussions with Satavahana about the date of Paryusana.After this incidence, Kalaka stayed at Pratistana until his death. Due to this association, there are at least three Kalakacarya-kathanakas written in JM. which were critically edited by Sten Konow. Padaliptacarya is a frequently quoted Sve. Acarya of 5th Century. It is noted in Prabandhakosa that the arrived at Pratistana and created a Campukavya named Tarangalola. (Yationala pp.

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Disembara 2008 11-14)) This beautiful literary work (which is not available now) inspired many poets to write their poetries in JM. The famous logician Siddhasena Divakara, his Guru Vrddhavadi and Santisuri, the first commentator of Uttaradhyayana were also closely connected with Pratistana and Nasikya during their wanderings. This legendary and historical data is sufficient to throw light on the background of the bulk of Jain Maharastri literature. Special Features of JM. Literature : Niryuktis on 10 Ardhamagadhi canons, some of the Prakirnakas, two Culikasutras, three Bhasyas along with Visesavasyaka and Curnis of Jinadasagani - the language of all these works is generally known as Arsa Prakrta because it is influenced by Ardhamagadhi. Though Maharastri elements are prominent, still we find same linguistic charactristics of Magadhi and Sauraseni. Vimalsuri's Paumacariyam (4th Cen A.D.) is also included in this category. This narrative poetry was written excluding the impossible and illogical elements of ValmikiRamayana. This first Jain Ramayana inspire many writers to present Ramayanakatha in Jain manner. The poetic justice given to the female characters (viz. Sita, Anjana, Kaikeyi and Mandodari) is unique in itself. Vasudevahindi jointly written by Samghadasa and Dharmasena in 5th Cen. A.D. is also noted as a grant narrative presented in Arsa Prakrta or old Jain Maharhastri. The part of the book viz. Madhyama Khanda shows the linguistic characteristics of Sauraseni. In the history of Indian Literature, Vasudevahindi acquired very esteemed position due to its curious connection with Vaddakaha of Gunadhaya. In the 6th or 7th Century, the great Sve. logician Siddhasena wrote Sanmatitarka in JM. in which he discussed the Nayas, in a comprehensive manner on the view of Anekantavada. Sanmati is one of the very few JM. works on logic. 89

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90 anusandhAna 46 Haribhadra is the most celebrated, honoured and versatile author in the 8th century. Throughout his life he wandered in Rajasthana and Gujrat and never visited Maharastra. It seems that with a sound background of Skt. he acquired the skills in JM.and produced (i) a huge prose narrative like Samaraiccakaha, (ii) a unique satirical work like Dhuttakkahana which inspired Skt. Dharamapariksa and Apabhramsa Dhammaparikkha in the later period, (iii) first JM. book dedicated to Yoga in Jain manner (viz. Yogasayaya), (v) other treatises related to Karma theory, Monastic conduct, Layman's conduct, Didactic and Karananuyoga. Haribhadra included a lot of folk stories, examples, fables and traditional religious stories in his commentaries on Avassaya and Dasaveyaliya. Though the explanations of Sutras are given in Skt., he had purposely used JM. for this stories. Conclusively we can say that the JM. used by Haribhadra represents it's classical form. His language comes nearest to pure Maharastri. His vocabulary consists of a lot of old Gujrati desi words, influence of Skt. in the use of cvi forms, compounds ending in bhuya (bhuta) and ample literary words. This classical form reaches its height in Kuvalayamala of Uddyotanasuri. This monumental Campukavya, full of rich cultural data is written in the last lap of the 8th Century. When we cast a glance to the 9th Century - literary, it is seem that the variety of subjects in remarkable. JM. works in this century are concerned to Philosophy, Anthology, Didactic, Karman, Hymns and Legendary histories. Silanka started the tradition of writing Caritas in JM. along with his commentaries on Acaranga and Sutrakrtanga. Bappabhatti wrote his anthology Tarayana, who was in the close contact with Vakpatiraja (Bappairaya) the poet of famous Maharastri work Gaudavaho. Virabhadra, beloging the 10th century, wrote his Prakirnakas viz. Arahanapadaya, Aurapaccakkhana, Causarana and Bhattaparinna in Arsa Prakrit form. The language and

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Disembara 2008 presentation of the subjects were so revered among the Svetambaras that the Prakirnakas were treated as a part of canonical literature. Devsana's works on logic, Devendrasuri's Kalakacarya Kathanaka, Dhanapala's celebrated lexicon of Prakrit words and Nanditadhya's work on metrics (viz. Gahalakkhana) are the remarkable treatises of this century. Pradyumna's off-beat stories are also noteworthy which are included in Malasuddhipagarana. Carita tradition is continued in this century. In the 11th Century, we find nine Caritas written in JM. which are published up till now. Three of them are written by Devendra alias Nemicandra, famous author of Sukhabodha, a comm. on Uttaradhyayana. Dhanesvara's Surasundaricariya gives sole importance to a woman character which is unique and has given rise to the tradition of women-centered Caritas. Many Kathakosas are written in which Devendra's Akkhanamanikosa, Gunacandra's Kaharayanakosa and Jinesvara's Kathakosaprakarana are most important. Mahesvara's Nanapancamikaha started the tradition of Vratakathas. Prakaranas and Kulakas are the new literary forms developed in this century. 12th Century seems to be very crucial in the history of JM. literature. Tendency of writing in JS. is almost stopped. The number of Skt. works of Sve. and Dig. are rapidly increasing. JM. Works are almost equal to that of Skt. works. Apabhramsa works in this century had seen to be taken classical literary form. Digambara writers are writing Apa. works with full enthusiasm. Detailed grammer of Apa. is written by Hemacandra in his Siddhahemavyakarana along with the examples of Apa. verses chosen from non-Jain background. The peak point of Jain logic is seen in Pramanamimamsa, a celebrated Skt. work of Kalikalasarvajna Hemacandra. He continued the tradition of JM. writings by presenting his unique lexical works Desinamala and Kumarapalacarita. Maladhari Hemacandra wrote the Tippanas on canons, Malaygiri's huge commentarial work is the speciality

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92 anusandhAna 46 of this century. Municandra wrote five Kulakas and three Prakaranas. His Vanaspatisaptatika is remarkable. Sricandra wrote in JM. and Skt. very fluently. In the 13th Century, JM. literature is comparatively less than Skt. and Apabharamsa literature is steadily growing. Thakkura Pheru, a treasurer of Allauddin Khilji wrote many scientific and technical works in 14th Century. His small treatises are extremely important in JM. literure. These treatises are dedicated to Numismatics, Metallurgy, Mathematics, Astrology, Gemmology and Architecture. Ratnasekhara wrote on Ethics, Karananuyoga, Carananuyoga and Caritas. Jinaprabha's Vidhimargaprapa is an authentic work on rituals. Growing ritualistic tendencies in Jain religion are reflected in Jinaprabha's other works also. Jayavallabha's anthology called Vajjalagga and Nayacandra's Prakrit drama - Sattaka are two remarkable works of this century. In the 15th Century, JM. works show declining tendency. Jinaharsa, Somacandra, Subhavardhana, Sakalakirti and Caritravardhana wrote in JM. but the variety of subjects and literary forms is not seen. Caritas and Kathakonas are ample in number but lack in originality and imitation prevail over creativity. This is the brief sketch of JM. literature from 3rd Century A.D. up to 15th Century A.D.. CONCLUSION Important Observations about JM. Literature : * In no other Prakrit language than JM. such a huge literature is produced in India for such a long period (from 3rd Cen A.D. up to 15th Cen. A.D.) Since the Dig. had already chosen Sauraseni for their literary activities, Sve. writers had naturally undertaken Maharastri.

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Disembara 2008 Maharastri was understandable in the bigger middle region of India during this period. Skt. was the medium of higher education, so naturally Scientific and Technical works and Classical literature of non-Jain traditions is ample in quality and quantity. Lord Mahavira was very keen about his religions sermons through Prakrit medium. JM. played the role of Rastrabhasa at that time. Now-a-days though the medium of higher educaiton is English, still Hindi possesses a status of Rastrabhasa, likewise side by side with the regional colloquial languages and Skt., JM. played an important role. Sve.writers continued JM. writings followings the footsteps of Lord Mahavira. The earlier Sve. Jain Acaryas like Bhadrabahu, Kalakacarya, Padalipta etc. were closely associated with Maharastra and specifically Pratisthana. Nearly for six centuries Satavahanas ruled over Maharastra who were pro-prakrit by nature and liberal in religious matters. JM. had undergone three distinct stages during this long period of twelve centuries. (i) Ist Stage : 3rd to 6th Century. The various Niryuktis, Bhasyas, Curnis and the narrative works like Paumacariya, Vasudevahindi and others may be taken to represent the archaic form of JM.. It was infludnced by Ardhamagadhi. (ii) Ilnd Stage : 7th to 10th Century. In its classical form, as represented by Haribhadra, Uddyotanasuri, Silanka and Dhanapala, it shows influence of Skt. but still maintaining tendencies of colloquial languages in variety of forms and the use of Desi words. (iii) IIIrd Stage : 11th to 15th century. The late form of JM. is best seen in the stories of Devendra

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anusandhAna 46 in Utt. Sukh. and the anthology called Vajjalagga. Here we see a strong influence of the Apabharamsa dialects making it felt both in its phonology and grammar. This Apa. influence originates from the spoken languages of the authors. ___After 15th Century we see that JM. is declining and Apa. is increasing. From the 16th and 17th Centuries, the history of our modern Indo-Aryan Languges Starts. Though variety of subjects and literaty forms is obviously seen in JM. literature, it is a fact that scientific and technical works as well as words on Logic are comparatively much less than in Skt. But the role played by JM, in providing rich Cultural, Social and Religious data is really very useful in understanding Indian culture in better manner. No other Prakrit language than JM. is capable in throwing light on the life of masses in India during this long period. C/o. Ganeshkhind Pune, 411007 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 se 6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 5, 1973 2. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1985 3. prAcIna bhAratAcA sAMskRtika itihAsa, gAyadhAnI, rAhurakara, kATinenTala prakAzana, puNe 2, 1961 4. prAcIna bhAratAcA rAjakIya itihAsa, le. hemacaMdra rAyacaudhurI, anu. AThavale, boparDIkara, DAyamaMDa pablikezana, puNe 30. 2006 4. Dictionary of Prakrit Languges, Fascicule 1, A.M. Ghatge, 1993 6. pAia-sadda-mahaNNavo, upodghAta-paM. haragoviMdadAsa zeTha, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1986 7. vividhatIrthakalpa, jinaprabha, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, zAntiniketana, 1934 8. prabandhakoSa, rAjazekhara, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, sa. jinavijaya, zAntiniketana, 1935 9. prabhAvakacarita, prabhAcandra, siMghI jJAnapITha, saM. jinavijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1940 10. prabandhacintAmaNi, merutuga, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, saM. jinavijaya, zAntiniketana, 1933

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Disembara 2008 mAhitI navAMprakAzano 1. kathAratnasAgara : kartA : maladhAragacchIya zrInaracandrasUri; saM. A. vijayamunicandrasUri; pra. AcArya OMkArasUri ArAdhanA bhavana, sUrata, saM. 2064 prAcIna tADapatrAdi prationA AdhAre thayenu upayukta sampAdana. Ajaparyanta A grantha aprakaTa hato. 13 mA saikAnI eka sundara racanA ApaNane A pustakarUpe upalabdha thAya che, ane te rIte eka mUlyavAna granthano uddhAra paNa thayo che. 2. zrIAcArAGgasUtram (hindI padyAnuvAda) anuvAdaka : sva. AcAryazrI vijayasuzIlasUri; saM. A. vijayajinottamasUri; pra. suzIlasAhitya prakAzana samiti, jodhapura; saM. 2064 __ AcArAGgasUtranA prathama zrutaskandhano duhA chandamAM hindI bhASAmAM thayela sarala padyAnuvAda, bAla jIvone pavitra AgamasUtranA gambhIra bhAvone samajavAmAM upakAraka nIvaDe tema che. sAhityasevI ane sarjaka AcAryazrInI sarjaka pratibhAno eka navo ane madhura unmeSa AmAM pragaTa thayo che. keTalAMka, viSayAnurUpa, sundara citrothI grantha vizeSe suzobhita banyo che. 3. SoDazakaprakaraNa (sAnuvAda), kartA : zrIharibhadrasUri; vRtti : zrIyazobhadrasUri tathA upAdhyAya yazovijayajI; anuvAda : A. mitrAnandasUri. pra. padmavijayajI gaNi jaina granthamAlA TrasTa, amadAvAda; saM. 2061 mUlagrantha ane tenI banne TIkAono sarala, bAlajIvone upakAraka anuvAda. 4. siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana-vyAkaraNa-bRhadvRtti Upara koI vidvAn munirAje 'duNDhikA' TIkAnI racanA karI che. sambhavataH 15mA ke 16mA zatakanI e racanAnuM hastapratio parathI sampAdana muni vimalakIrtivijayajI karI rahyA che. teno prathama vibhAga pragaTa thaI gayela che. vyAkaraNanA abhyAsIone upayogI grantha.

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anusandhAna 46 pra. kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi-amadAvAda, saM. 2065. 5. kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha : saM. munijinavijayajI; punaH saM. DaoN. jitendra zAha, sAdhvIzrI candanabAlAzrIjI; pra. zrutaratnAkara, amadAvAda; saM. 2064, I. 2008. vizvavikhyAta siMghI granthamAlAnA 41mA grantharUpe, varSoM pUrva prakaTa thayela A grantha- A punaH mudraNa che. munijIe potAnA sampAdanamA pariziSTa rUpe Apela 'zuddhivRddhipatraka'no upayoga, A navA saMskaraNamAM mULa je te sthAnomAM karI levAmAM Avyo che. keTaluka pATha-zodhana paNa sadya upalabdha AdhArone anusarIne karavAmAM AvyuM che. navI pratio maLI hoya ke tenA AdhAre punaH sampAdana thayuM hoya tevU jaNAtuM nathI. eka aprApya banela granthane punaH upalabdha karAvI ApavAnuM zreya punaHsampAdaka-prakAzakane phALe jarUra jaze.

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