Proceedings of the Seminar on Prakrit Studies 1973

Author(s): K R Chandra, Dalsukh Malvania, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 83

10. A comparative study of Jhānajjhayaņa by Jinabhadra and Dhyānastava by Bhāskaranandi
Miss Suzuko Ohira, Mysore.
There seems to have been a fashion in writing the work of Jaina dhyāna in one hundred verses in Prakrit, Sanskrit or Apabhramsa For instance, we have Jhānajjhayaņa, better known as Dhyānasalaka (105 verses) by Jinabhadra (Pt. Malvaniyä ascribes it to Bhadrabāhu), Samadhitantra or Samadhiśataka (105 verses) by Pujyapada (Kundakunda also is said to have written Samadhi. tantra), Jogasaynga by Haribhadra, Jogasāra or Dohāsāra (108 verses) by Joindu, Samyaśataka (106 verses) by Vijayasimhasüri, and Dhyānastara (100 verses) by Bhaskaranandi.
Dhyāna occupies a specific position in Jaina ācāra, which is one of the internal tapas constituting the causes of samvara and nirjara; two kinds of auspicious dhyāna, namely, dharmya and śukla, ar: regarded to be the mokşakäranas. Naturally a number of treatises have been written on this subject partly or independently, in verse or in prose, and in various languages. Subhacandra and Hemacandra's treatises are now considered as the standard works of Jaina yoga. From the Āgamic literature (e. g. Sthânānga) to this medieval age, certain aspects of Jaina dhyāna, e. g. concept and classification, seem to have gone through some changes in due course in the cross currents of thoughts. Jinabbadragani, who is the author of Višeşāvaśyakabhāşya and possibly also of Jiyakappa, is said so have lived in the 6th century according to some, or before 750 A. D. according to the others. Haribbadra who commented on Jhānajjhayana is said to be the student of Jinabhadra. Bhaskaranandi, who possibly flourished in the 12th century AD, is a Digambara author; he wrote a commentary on Tattvārthasūtra of Umāsväti. There is at least four centuries of distance between these two authors, and some similarities and differences are evidenced in their views and treatments of dhyāna, which are attempted to be presented briefly in this paper.
Jhānajjhayana dedicates its mangalācarana to lord Mahavira, who is reverentially addressed as rogisvara and saranya. The definition of dhyāna and the classifications of dhyātr and dhyāna are then introduced. The rest of 100 verses beginning with the 6th śloka are devoted to the exposition of four Āgamic kinds of dhyana, i. e. ārta (6-8), raudra (19-27), dharmya (28 - 63, 65-68, 93) and śukla (61-61, 69-92, 94), together with the eleven verses of epilogue. Dhyanastava salutes the siddhas, the omniscients. The definition