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THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS.
षड्द्रव्यावस्थानं सदृशं त्रयकालार्थपर्याये । व्यञ्जनपर्याये वा मिलिते तेषां स्थितित्वात् ॥ ५८१ ॥
581. The time of existence of the six substances is. the same, (for all ). Its duration is got by adding together their modifications in attributes (Artha Paryaya) and their modifications in space (Vyanjana Paryáya) in all the three times (present, past and future).
यदवियम्मि जे अत्थपज्जया वियणपज्जया चावि । तीदाणा गदभूदा तावदियं तं हवदि दव्वं ॥ ५८२ ॥ एकद्रव्ये ये पर्याया व्यञ्जनपर्यायाश्चापि । अतीतानागतभूताः तावत्तद् भवति द्रव्यम् ॥ ५८२ ॥
582. Whatever modifications take place in a substance in its attributes (Artha Paryaya) or in space (Vyanjana Paryáya) in the past, the future and (the present), they constitute the substance.
Commentary.
A substance is nothing separate from, but is merely the name of the sum total of its attributes and modifications.
Sub-Chapter IV.-Extent of existence (Kshetra). आगासं वज्जित्ता सव्वे लोगम्मि चेव रात्थि बहिं । वावी धमाधम्मा अवट्टिदा अचलिदा णिच्चा ॥ ५८३ ॥ श्राकाशं वर्जयित्वा सर्वाणि लोके चैव न संति बहिः । व्यापिनो धर्माधर्मो अवस्थितावचलितौ नित्यौ ॥ ५८३ ॥
583. Except space, all the substances exist only in the universe (Loka), not beyond it (i. e., in the non-universe). (And the substances ), media of motion and rest (Dharma and Adharma ) are (all) pervading (vyapi ), fixed (Avasthita), un-quivering ( Achalita in their units, Pradeshas), and permanent.
Commentary.
Support is of 3 kinds, (1) tactile (Aupashleshika), wherein the supporter and the supported touch each other, as the book is on the
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