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सवृत्तिकः कविदर्पणः
[INTRODUCTION
the first formed by a Vastu (which is itself a couplet consisting of a Mātrā and a Dohaka) and an Ullāla, and the second by 2 Khandas followed by a Gīti. This last again has received a specific name Dvipadikhanda and the illustration for it has been borrowed by our author from Śriharsa's Ratnävalī Nātikā, Act I. It is difficult to say how the word Dvipadi has come to form part of the name of this Tribhangī, though the word Khanda in it is easy to understand. Perhaps, at one time a couplet formed by a Khanda and a Gīti was called a Dvipadī, where the word Pada signified a metrical unit or a stanza, and not a line 13 One more Dvibhangi consisting of 2 Ghattās and a Tribhangi formed by a Dvipadi, a Khanda and a Gīti, both the Dvibhangi and the Tribhangi being Dvādaśapadis, and lastly a Caturbhangi which is a Sodaśapadi made of 4 stanzas in the same metre like the Paddhatikā, are defined in v. 37 of the second chapter. This Şodaśapadi is technically called a Kadavaka and many such Kadavakas forma Sandhi, which roughly corresponds to a Sarga in the Sanskrit poems. Both the terms Sandhi and Kadavaka are peculiar to Apabhramśa poetry; but in actual practice, a Kadavaka does not necessarily contain a group of 4 stanzas of 4 lines each as prescribed by our author. It often contains several rhyming couplets of lines, not necessarily divisible into stanzas of 4 lines each, composed in different metres which are amenable to a Tāla of 5, 6, 7 or 8 Mātrās, even when these metres are ordinarily metres of 4 lines.14
15. The third chapter of the Kavidarpana merely introduces the Varna Vșttas by enumerating three broad divisions, i.e., Sama, Ardhasama and Vişama, as also the 26 subdivisions or Jātis of the first of these. A technical term, namely, Vștta is also prescribed here for the Varna Vrttas. Some older writers following the lead of Pingala's Chandassūtra 5.1 have tried to use the term Vștta exclusively for the Varņa Vșttas; they do not, however, employ any similar exclusive term for the Mātrā Vrttas and call them by the common name Chandas. It was probably Dandin, Kavyādarśa 1.11, who first gave the specific name Jāti to them and this is then sought to be adopted by Halāyudha on Pingala, Chandassūtra 5.1. But this nomenclature is not scrupulously followed by any one, including Pingala himself. For he evidently understands even the Mātrā Vịttas like the Vaitālīya and Mātrāsamaka by the word vịtta in the Sūtra (pādah) yathā-vṛtta-samāptir vā (4.11), since they are divided into Padas, even if the Āry, and its derivatives which have only
13. See the discussion on the name Dvipadi in para 5 of the Introduction to the
Vrttajatisamuccaya. 14. See Apabhramsa Metres II, p. 67.
