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149
UDDES A 4 ]
सवृत्तिकः कविदर्पणः
Vv. 110-117: These 8 verses define the 8 well known Ardhasama Varna
Vṛttàs, some of which at least show the basic rhythm of the Vaitaliya in a slightly changed form; see my remarks on these at Jayadaman, Introduction, para 16.
Vv. 118-120 The Visama Vṛttas are generally divided into four groups, namely, the Vaktra, the Padacatururdhva, the Udgata and the Upasthitapracupita. See Introduction to Jayadaman, paras 12-15. The metres of the first group have the same number of letters in all their Pādas; but the order of short and long letters may differ, The particularly in the case of the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th letters. last 3 letters of the 3rd and the first 2 letters of the 4th Pada of v. 118 are not quite intelligible. The signification and significance of the terms Pathya, Capala and Vipula is not very clear to me, particularly in relation to the same terms when applied to a Gāthā.
'A Vaktra is that metre of the Anustubh class, where (in each Pāda) any Trika except na (III) and sa (IIS) may occur after the first letter; a Yagana (ISS) must occur after the 4th letter and the 1st and the last letter may be either short or long. (It becomes) a Pathyā Vaktra if a Jagana (ISI) is substituted for the Yagana in the even Pādas; the same is Viparīta Pathyā, if the Jagana (is substituted) for the Yagana in the odd Pādas and the Yagana (is retained) in the even ones. That same (i.e., Viparita Pathya) again becomes a Capalā, when its Jagana (in the odd Pādas) is replaced by a Nagana (after the 4th letter). That is (called) Vipulā Vaktra in whose even Pādas, the 7th letter is always short.'
It will be seen that in a Vaktra, the structure of the even Pādas is restricted to a Yagana or a Jagana in repect of the 5th, the 6th and the 7th letters. Again, in each Pāda, whether odd or even, the 1st letter as well as the last one may either be a short or a long one, and the next 3 letters, i.e., the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th may be represented by any of the eight Trikas of Ganas except the na and the sa Ganas. Pingala prohibits even the ra Gana for these same letters in the even Pādas at Chandassutra 5.11. Thus absolute freedom of choice is left only in the case of the 5th, the 6th and the 7th letters in the odd Pādas only. Any one of the 8 Ganas may be employed for these letters, but the employment of the different Gaņas gives them different names. It is called a Vaktra if the Yagana is used for them, provided the same Yagana is used also for the same letters in the even Padas, but it is called a Pathya Vaktra if a Jagana is used
