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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
12
SATYASASANA-PARIKSĀ
are the three great exponents of Jaina philosophy which was introduced to the Sanskrit world by Vacaka Umasvāti. Siddhasena Divakara discussed logical problems in his Nyāyāvatāra and Pujyapada Devanandi formulated definitions of Agamic concepts in his Sarvarthasiddhi, which exerted immense influence on the later developments of Jaina thought. Svami Samantabhadra summed up the Jaina positions in his pregnant verses, sometimes giving them a new meaning. Thus Siddhiasena Divakara's definition of 'naya' contained in the following
verses
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anekantatmakam vastu gocaraḥ sarvasamvidām; ckadeśavisisto'rtho nayasya viṣayo mataḥ.
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir
nayānāmekaniṣṭhānām pravṛtteḥ grutavartmani ; sampurnarthaviniścayi syadvādaśrutamucyate.1
and Pujyapada Devanandi's characterization of it as "vastuny anekantātmany avirodhena hetvarpaṇāt sadhyavigeṣasya yāthātmyaprapaṇa-pravaṇa-prayogo nayah" are summed up by Samantabhadra, with his characteristic note of originality, in the verse which runs as follows
sadharmanaiva sadhyasya sadharmyad avirodhataḥ; syadvada-pravibhaktārtha-viseṣa-vya ñjako nayaḥ,3
This is obviously the logical consummation of the positions held by Siddhasena Divakara and Pujyapada Devanandi. Samantabhadra's following statement of the respective spheres of application of scriptural evidence and infer
ence
vaktaryanapte yaddhetoḥ sadhyam taddhetusādhitam ; apte vaktari tadväkyät sädhyamagamasādhitam.4
is a definite advancement on the following verse of Siddhasena Diväkara on the same subject
jo heuvayapakkhammi heuo agame ya agamio; so sasamaya-pannavao siddhantavirahao anno.5
1 Nyāyāvatāra, verses 29-30.
2 Sarvarthasiddhi on TS, 1. 33.
3 AM, verse 106.
4 AM, 78.
Both these passages are cited by Vidyananda in his Tattvärthaślokavārttika6 in connection with the Jaina theory of the validity of the initial enunciation of the subject-matter of a treatise, jointly based on scripture and inference.
With Akalanka, Jaina philosophy reaches its period of adolescence and
5 Sanmatiprakaraṇa, III, 45. 6 Page 3.
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