Sambodhi 1977 Vol 06

Author(s): Dalsukh Malvania, H C Bhayani, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 33

The convergence of the...Jainism
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earth), then what we see is not the star but the light which has left that star 500 years ago. What is happening on the star at the present can be known only 500 years later. Thus when we say that "we see a star", the star may not be there. It might have collapsed quite a long earlier. This is all there because of the finite speed of light or some other interaction in general. To overcome this defect we need a process such that every thing in this universe is perceived simultaneously so that space time and finite speed of light etc. do not cause any trouble,
(c) Approximations involved in the definiton of a closed system :
Another important defect of these scientific methods is the fact that in all these niethods a particular system is assumed to be completely isolated from the rest of the environment and then this isolated system (such a system is known as a closed system ) is studied without bothering about rest of the environment. However, such an assumption cannot be justified by one who desires coniplete understanding of any system. This is so because all phenomena accuring in nature are interconnected with each otlier and hence influencing each other in a direct or indirect way. Such interactions between a particular system and the rest of the universe may have very important consequences on the state of the system. Thus to study any phenomenon in nature, one has to study all the others simultaneously which is not possible by scientific methods,
(d) Conservation laws and their defects :
Let us discuss the most important contradictions which exist in the Very definitions of the physical variables which measure various properties of different systems. The various propertics are measused in ternis of some conserved quantities. One assumes that for any closed system, there exist some physically observable quantities whicb do not change with time and hence the system can be decribed in terms of these quantities, Examples of such quantities are energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum etc.
In the most general form energy of any closed system is defined as the quantity which do not change with time (all other forms of energy are definable from the above general definition). However, the time is defined as that quality of the system which is responsible for causing changes in the system and is measured by finding the changes taking place in tlie system. This is a very serious contradiction in the definition of energy which is unavoidable.
Similarly linear momentum of a closed system is defined by the fact hat it is a quantity which remains in variant when the system moves 'translates) in a homogeneous space. However' as soon as we introduce a