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Nagin ), Shah
might urge that as there is no substance - not even Time substance - in alokūkāša, alokakāša should not undergo changes and consequently should not be regarded as a real. The Jajnas contend that lokakuša and alokakuša being not two akaša individuals, the effect of the time substa ace is present throughout the one akaša. Again, they majatajn that entire akaśa undergoes changes through the rhythmic rise and fall in its agurulaghuguna (untranslatable term, lit. Deither-heavy-nor-light-quality).30
Section II
TIME
1. Introductory
In the oldest times, we find the idea of Time as the highest principie and power governing all things. In the Atharvaveda we come across a hymn which extols time as the basis of all things; it creates all things and it destroys all things. This idea of Time further asserted itself. We find discussed in philosophical works the doctrine of Time (kálavada) which traces all things back to Time. In the mouth of the upholder of this doctrine the following words are put : “Time brings all creatures to ripeness. Time again destroys all things, Time keeps awake among the sleepy. It is hard to transgress Time. Without Time not even a bean is cooked, even when a man has placed the pot in Fire; therefore a man knows that it has occurred through Time."2 Time creates all things, Time ripens all things and Time destroys all things. Time is all powerful. But in the days of philosophical
ms the doctrine of Time (kalavada) remains in the background and loses its importance as the prime grouud of all things. Some philosophical systems altogether rejected Time and others that accepted it recognized it not as the prime ground of all things but merely as a condition of their temporal aspect. We need not enter into the exposition of the various conceptions of Time, found in different philosophical systems.
2. Time and Jaina Agamic Works In the Āvasyaka Curņi, three different views on the nature of time are referred to. Some say that time is a quality'; some maintain that it is
30 1 2 3
Fafeffere, 4. 3720 à 88.43 pretra a , 66 pret Uut: 1 71932a apoi (ratesih extu), . 380
