Reality English Translation of Sarvarthasiddhi

Author(s): S A Jain
Publisher: Jwalamalini Trust Chennai

Page 36

8
INSTALLATION
substances such as the soul? The same relation is attained as it is not different from the others1 and as substance (dravya) is superimposed on quality (bhava). For instance, we say that consciousness alone is the soul.
In this compound sentence, Upayoga eva ātmā,' upayoga is bhavavāci (abstract noun) and ātmā is dravyavāci (concrete noun). Still these two are in apposition. If so, the gender and number of the adjective must be the same as the gender and number of the noun. No. Even in a compound composed of a noun and an adjective, owing to the nature of the words, these do not give up their own genders and numbers. (So it is not wrong even if the gender and number of the noun are different from the gender and number of the adjective.) The first sutra also must be considered in the same manner.
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The next sutra is intended to dispel deviation from worldly custom or established practice, while referring to right faith etc. and the soul etc. mentioned in the previous sutras.
नामस्थापनाद्रव्यभावतस्तन्न्यासः
Namasthapanadravyabhāvatastannyāsaḥ
5. These are installed (in four ways) by name, representation, substance (potentiality) and actual state.
11 4 11 (5)
Giving a name to an object irrespective of its qualities for the sake of social intercourse is naming. Establishing in things made of wood and clay, painting, dice, etc., that 'this is that' is representation. That, which will be attained by qualities or that which will attain qualities, is a substance (dravya). Substance characterized by its actual condition is present state (bhava). For instance, the substance of soul is installed in four ways as name soul, representative soul, substance soul and actual state of soul. To call something as a soul irrespective of its qualities is name soul. Representing dice etc. as living beings or as men is representative soul. Substance soul is of two kinds, agama dravya jiva, and no agama dravya jova. The being who is proficient in, but is not 1 Qualities are not separate from substances.