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SPEECH IS NOT NON-MATERIAL
145 karmas must be ascertained to be material.
Speech is of two kinds, physical and psychical. Therein psychical speech is material, as it arises on the destructioncum-subsidence of energy-obstructing karmas and sensory and scriptural knowledge-obscuring karmas, and on the rise of physique-making karmas of limbs and minor limbs. For in the absence of matter there can be no functioning of psychical speech. Matter prompted by the active soul endowed with this capacity takes the mode of speech. Hence physical speech is also material. Speech is the object of the sense of hearing. Why is it not the object of the other senses? Just as the nose smells odour and is incapable of perceiving taste etc., similarly the other senses are incapable of grasping speech sounds. Is speech non-material? No. For it is perceived through the senses composed of matter, it is obstructed by material objects like the wall and the others, it is intercepted by adverse wind, and it is overpowered by other material causes.
The mind is of two kinds, physical and psychical. The psychical mind characterized by capacity (for comprehension) and consciousness is material, as it is assisted by matter. Similarly, owing to destruction-cum-subsidence of knowledge-covering and energy-obstructing karmas and the rise of name karmas of limbs and minor limbs, particles of matter transformed into mind assist the living beings tending to examining good and eril, remembering things, etc. Hence the physical mind also is material. It is contended by others that mind is a different substance, that it is bereft of colour (form) etc. and that it is of the size of an atom. Hence it is improper to consider it as material. But this contention is untenable. How? Is the mind connected with the senses and the soul or not? If it is not connected, then it cannot be of assistance to the soul, nor can it be of use to the senses. If it is connected, then the atomical mind connected with one point cannot leave that point and be of use to the other parts of the soul or the other senses). Nor can it be said to rotate like the potter's wheel on account of an invisible force, as there can be no such capacity. The invisible force (ad!ştu) is admitted to be the
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