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268
SORROWFUL CONCENTRATION
concentration also is called 'param' as it is close to it. By virtue of the dual number 'pare', the secondary one is also taken. "The last two are the causes of liberation.' It follows from this that sorrowful concentration and cruel concentration are the causes of transmigration. How? There is no other third goal.
The painful concentration is of four kinds. The first kind is described in the next sutra.
आर्तममनोज्ञस्य सम्प्रयोगे तद्विप्रयोगाय स्मृतिसमन्वाहारः ॥ ३० ॥ · Artamamanojñasya samprayoge ladviprayogāya smrtisamanvāhāraḥ
(30) 30. On the contact of disagreeable objects, thinking again and again for their removal is the first kind of sorrowful concentration.
Disagreeable objects are such as poison, prickly thorns, enemies and weapons. As these cause pain, these are called disagreeable. On their contact, the individual thinks again and again wishing for their removal. This is the first type of sorrowful concentration.
The second type is described next.
विपरीत मनोज्ञस्य Viparitam manojñasya
(31) 31. The contrary in the case of agreeable objects.
How contrary ? Contrary to what has been mentioned. This is the purport. When agreeable objects such as the son, the wife or the wealth are lost, thinking again and again for regaining them is the second type of sorrowful concentration.
The third type is described next. वेदनायाश्च
R 32 1 Vedan@yasca
(32) 32. In the case of suffering from pain also.
The word 'vedanā' is used in the meanings of pleasure and pain. But here it is used in the sense of pain, as this is the section dealing with sorrow. When there is pain caused by diseases such as gout and rheumatism, thinking again and
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