________________
156
PERMANENCE OF SUBSTANCES
of being permanent is permanence. For instance, clay continues to exist in the lump, the pitcher and its broken parts. Existence is accompanied by origination, disappearance and permanence. It is contended that union applies to objects which are different. For instance, Devadatta is possessed of a stick. If it were so, the three modes as well as the substance would be lost. But this objection is untenable. The word union is applied somehow from the point of view of distinction even in the case of things which are not different. For instance, there is the usage that the pillar is united with (characterized by) strength. In that case it is proper to call the concomitance of origination, disappearance and permanence as existence. Or the word united ( yukła) means collected or combined, that is of one's own nature. That is existence is of the nature of origination, disappearance and permanence. It comes to this. Origination and the other two are the distinguishing characteristics of a substance. Substance is the thing defined. From the point of view of modes, these three characteristics (origination etc.) are mutually different from one another and are also different from the substance. From the point of view of substance, these three are not perceived separately from the substance. Hence these are not different, and thus the defined and the definition are both established.
What is the meaning of the term 'eternal (permanence) mentioned in the fourth aphorism of this chapter ? तद्भावाव्यय नित्यम्
11 38 !! Tadbhāvāvyayam nityam
(31) 31. Permanence is indestructibility of the essential nature (quality) of the substance,
Its intrinsic nature'? is mentioned in the sutra. What is that? It is that which is the cause of recognition. The remembrance, "This is that only', is recognition. (This is the same thing I saw yesterday.) That does not occur accidentally. That which is the cause of such a statement is its intrinsio nature (tadbhāva). Existing is existence. Tadbhāva is its exis
1 Permanence is the existence of the past nature in the present. The existence of the past nature in the present.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
