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LECTURE xxx.
175
external austerities are of six kinds, and internal are of six kinds 1. (7)
External austerities are:
1. anasana, fasting; 2. avamôdarikâ, abstinence 2 ; 3. bhikshâkaryâ, collecting alms; 4. rasaparityâga, abstention from dainty food; 5. kâyaklêsa, mortification of the flesh; 6. samlinatâ, taking care of one's limbs 3. (8)
1. Fasting is of two kinds : a. itvara, temporary, and b. maranakala, fasting which precedes, and ends with death. Temporary fasting is either such in which a desire (for food) is present, or such in which no such desire exists. (9)
a. The temporary fasting is briefly of six kinds : 1. in the form of a line 4; 2. in the form of a square ; 3. in the form of a cube; 4. of a sixth power; 5. of a twelfth power ; 6. of any arrangement. Temporary fasting (can be practised) for different objects which one has in mind. (10, 11)
• Comp. Aupapâtika Sätra, ed. Leumann, p. 38 ff. The general division is the same, but the subdivision differs in many details.
Gradual reduction of food, from a full meal of thirty-two morsels to one of one morsel.
8 Angôpângâdikam samvritya pravartanam, Tîka.
• The meaning of this singular statement is as follows. If four fasts of two, three, four, and five days are performed in this order, they form a line. If this set of fasts is four times repeated, each time beginning with a different number, we get sixteen fasts; they form a square, viz. :
1. 2. 3. 4 2. 3.4.1 3. 4.1.2
4.1.2.3 The next class contains 64 fasts, the fourth 4,096, the fifth 16,777,216 fasts. Fasts of the last class require 700,000 years at least, and must be assumed to be restricted to former Tîrthakaras, whose lives lasted enormous periods of time.
