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e. A monk who observés abstinence according to the particulars which have been enumerated with regard to substance, place, time, and state of mind, observes abstinence with regard to development1 too. (24)
3. With regard to collecting alms there are the eight principal ways how to collect them; the seven êshanâs (or modes of begging) and other selfimposed restrictions. (25)
3
4. Abstention from dainty food means abstention from such highly nourishing food and drink as milk, curds, ghee, &c. (26)
5. Mortification of the flesh consists in the different postures as Virâsana, &c., which benefit the soul, and which are difficult to perform. (27)
UTTARADHYAYANA.
6. Using unfrequented lodgings and beds consists in living and sleeping in separate and
down in the commentaries. If we might set it aside, I should translate abstinence with reference to disposition is observed by him who in collecting alms preserves the same disposition, whether he has to do with a woman or man, &c.
1 For development (paggava = paryâya) denotes any form or phase of existence which anything can assume. Therefore all particulars of place, e. g. are developments of Place. As all restrictions of place, &c., indirectly diminish the food obtainable by a monk, they also come under the head Abstinence.
2 According to the commentator, these are the six kinds enumerated in verse 19. Sambûkâvartta is of two kinds, as explained in the note; the eighth kind is rigvî, or the common way of begging. These eight ways have reference to the houses in which they collect alms. The seven êshanâs refer to the quality or quantity of the food; their names are given in the Tîkâ, partly in Prâkrit, partly in Sanskrit: 1. samsatthâ; 2. asamsatthâ; 3. uddhadâ; 4. alpalêpikâ; 5. udgrihîtâ; 6. pragrihîtâ; 7. ugghitadharmâ. According to another passage: 1. is samsprishta, 3. uddhrita, 5. avagrihîta.
3 Pranîta, explained push/ikara.
