Indian Antiquary Vol 45

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 20

16
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[JANUARY, 1913
plural, since there are two kings mentioned. According to my theory this objection vanishes. If the Nanda referred to is Mahanandin, Mahâpadma was only the crown prince, who helped his father in feeding the assembled brethren. Târânâth also believes in the story that the brethren were fed by Nanda. We have one more statement made of Kalâ soka, which should therefore be applied to. Mahânandin. It is to the effect that he made Pâtaliputra his capital,55 As the Purânic list of Kôsala comes to an end with the contemporary of Nandivardhana, it has to be presumed that that kingdom was absorbed into Magadha in Mahânandin's reign.
(To be continued.
MISCELLANEA.
A NOTE ON THE NON-ARYAN ELEMENT IN HINDI SPEECH.
IN his article On the non-Aryan Element in Hindi Speech' (ante. Vol. I, P. 103), Mr. Growse says that the proportion of words in the Hindi Vocabulary not connected with Sanskrit is exceedingly inconsiderable. In support of his theory, he derives from Sanskrit, five out of 26 Hindi words, which, Muir says, have no resemblance to any vocables in Sanskrit books, and says that the remaining words can also be derived from Sanskrit. I do not wish to discuss the accuracy of his derivations, but I should like to point out that five of the remaining words viz. 1. jhagra, a dispute; 2. 4d, flour; 3. ghungna to gulp; 4 khonta peg; 5. sip a shell, can be traced back to the Dravidian Languages.
1. jhagra, a dispute. Platts in his Hindustani Dictionary does not give the derivation of the word at all. He does not even attempt to connect it with Skt. jagara, armour, which is derived by Bhanuji Dikshit in his commentary on the Amara. kosha from the root jagr, to be awake. I am inclined to think that jhagrd is derived from Can. jagala, Tel. dzaga damu, a quarrel, a dispute. Can. jagala is considered by Dr. Kittel to be a purely Dravidian word. Tel. dzaga damu is also considered by Telugu Lexicographers to be a Desi word. But Bhaṭṭakalanka's Sabdánusâsana gives Can. jagala as the Tadbhava of Skt. jhakata, which, however, I have not been able to find in any Sanskrit Lexicon. It is not improbable that Can. jagala is connected with Skt. chagala, a he-goat, which, as Fred Smith says, in his World of Animal Life, "is sometimes very quarrelsome, and will butt with his horns at any stranger."
2. ita fiour, may be derived from Pkt. aṭṭa, (Skt. kvath) to boil. Pkt. affa, can be traced back
to Can. affu (adu) to cook Tu. affil, cooking. Tel. attu, a flat thin cake (roasted on an iron pan).
Cf. Skt. bhakta, 1. boiled rice; 2. any eatable grain boiled with water.
3. Ghuntni, to gulp, may be derived from Pkt. ghunta. (Skt. pd), to drink, which can be traced back to Can. and Tel. guțuku, a gulp (perhaps an onomatopoetic word).
Cf. Brahui gut, throat, Guj. ghanti, Sindhi gau also Can. gotta, a bamboo tube for administering food or medicine to animals.
4. Khonta, peg. Platts says the word may perhaps be derived from khutta thus:
Khana khat or khof Pkt. khuṭṭa (i) = Skt. kehotya (te) pass. (used actively) of root kahot, v. t to pick, pluck, pull out. (vide. Platts. Hindustani Dictionary).
But I think the word may be derived from Tain. Mal. Tulu. kutti, stake, peg. We thus have the interesting analogy.
Kutti; khonta: gut; ghont, a gulp.
5. Sip, a shell is evidently derived from Pkt. sippi, which can be traced back to Can. cippu, sippu. Tam. sippi, an oyster-shell. Cf. Tel. cippa a shell,
In this connection, I may also point out that Hind. Guj., P. la M. id. B.'êdi in the sense of heel, which is derived from Skt. amhri (anghri ?), foot by Mr. Beames in his Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India, Vol. I, can be derived from Tam. Mal. Can. adi, a foot, Tel. adugu, without violating the law enunciated by him, viz., "when a syllable having a for its vowel is followed by one having i or u, these latter sometimes exercise an influence over the former, either by entirely superseding it or by combining with it into the Guna vowel."
K. AMRITA Row, M A., Reader in Philology, University of Madras.
54 S. B. E, XI, page XIX note
55 Yuan Chwang (see Beal's Buddhist Records, Vol. II, p. 85).