Padmavati

Author(s): Mohanlal Sharma
Publisher: Madhyapradesh Hingi Granth Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020523/1

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padmAvatI mohanalAla zarmA Dillions tA madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI zikSA tathA samAja kalyANa maMtrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra kI vizvavidyAlaya-grantha yojanA ke antargata madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI dvArA prakAzita For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI DaoN. mohanalAla zarmA jAsta madhyapradeza madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI prakAzaka madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla (c)madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI prathama saMskaraNa 1971 mUlya pustakAlaya saMskaraNa : 8 rupaye 50 paise sAdhAraNa saMskaraNa : 6 rupaye mudraka dhArA presa, kaTarA, ilAhAbAda-2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkkathana isa bAta para sabhI zikSA-zAstrI ekamata haiM ki mAtRbhASA ke mAdhyama se dI gayI zikSA chAtroM ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa evaM maulika cintana kI abhivRddhi meM adhika sahAyaka hotI hai / isI kAraNa svAtaMtrya Andolana ke samaya evaM usake pUrva se hI svAmI zraddhAnanda, ravIndranAtha Taigora evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise dezamAnya netAoM ne mAtRbhASA ke mAdhyama se zikSA dene kI dRSTi se Adarza zikSA-saMsthAeM sthApita kii| svataMtratA-prApti se bAda bhI deza meM zikSA sambandhI jo kamIzana yA samitiyA~ niyukta kI gayIM, unhoMne eka mata se isa siddhAnta kA anumodana kiyaa| isa dizA meM sabase bar3I bAdhA thI--zreSTha pAThya-granthoM kA abhAva / hama saba jAnate haiM ki na kevala vijJAna aura takanIkI, apitu mAnavikI ke kSetra meM bhI vizva meM itanI tIvratA se naye anusaMdhAnoM aura cintanoM kA Agamana ho rahA hai ki yadi use ThIka DhaMga se gRhIta na kiyA gayA to mAtRbhASA se zikSA pAne vAle aMcaloM ke pichar3a jAne kI AzaMkA hai| bhArata sarakAra ke zikSA maMtrAlaya ne isa bAta kA anubhava kiyA aura bhArata kI kSetrIya bhASAoM meM vizvavidyAlayIna stara para utkRSTa pAThya-grantha taiyAra karane ke lie samucita Arthika dAyitva svIkAra kiyaa| kendrIya zikSA maMtrAlaya kI yaha yojanA rAjya akAdamiyoM dvArA kAryAnvita kI jA rahI hai| madhyapradeza meM hindI grantha akAdamI kI sthApanA isI uddezya se kI gayI hai| akAdamI vizvavidyAlayIna stara kI maulika pustakoM ke nirmANa ke sAtha, vizva kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM bikhare hue jJAna ko hindI ke mAdhyama se prAdhyApakoM evaM vidyArthiyoM ko upalabdha kregii| isa yojanA ke sAtha rAjya ke sabhI mahAvidyAlaya tathA vizvavidyAlaya sambaddha haiN| merA vizvAsa hai ki sabhI zikSA-zAstrI evaM zikSA-premI isa yojanA ko protsAhita kreNge| prAdhyApakoM se merA anurodha hai ki ve akAdamI ke granthoM ko chAtroM taka pahuMcAne meM hameM sahayoga pradAna kareM jisase binA aura vilamba ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM sabhI viSayoM ke zikSaNa kA mAdhyama hindI bana sake / jagadIza nArAyaNa avasthI zikSAmaMtrI adhyakSa : madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI -pA~ca For Private and Personal Use Only

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prastAvanA prAcIna bhArata meM padmAvatI eka atyanta prasiddha nagara rahA hai| mahAkavi bhavabhUti ke anusAra yaha nagara nirmala jala vAlI nadiyoM, vizAla rAjaprAsAda, devamandira, nagara-dvAra Adi se suzobhita thaa| isake eka ora sindhu nadI bahatI thI aura dUsarI ora pArA / nagara ke eka ora jalaprapAta thA / 'mAlatI-mAdhava' meM isa nagarI kA bhavya varNana upalabdha hai / bhavabhUti se pUrva bANa ke 'harSacarita' meM bhI padmAvatI kA ullekha hai jisase usake prasiddha hone kA saMketa milatA hai| 'sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa' meM yadyapi padmAvatI kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu isameM pArA nadI ke kinAre eka vihAra kI carcA hai aura sindhu nadI, phaNIpati-vana evaM ucca giri kA bhI isake nikaTa honA batalAyA gayA hai / khajurAho se prApta lagabhaga 1000 I0 ke zilAlekha meM padmAvatI kA jo varNana milatA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki isa samaya yaha nagara saba prakAra se unnata evaM samRddha rahA hogA / purANoM meM bhI padmAvatI kA ullekha AyA hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki samRddhi evaM prAcInatA donoM dRSTiyoM se padmAvatI kI gaNanA mahatvapUrNa prAcIna aitihAsika nagaroM meM kI jA sakatI hai| DaoN. mirAzI ke anusAra yaha sthAna vidarbha ke bhaNDArA jilA meM hai, kintu aneka Adhunika vidvAnoM ke mata se yaha sthAna madhya-relave ke DabarA sTezana se lagabhaga 13 mIla kI dUrI para purAne gvAliyara rAjya ke antargata sthita hai / Ajakala ise pavAyA kahate haiM / utkhanana se bhI isa sthAna para mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta huI hai, jisase lagabhaga aba yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki pavAyA hI prAcIna padmAvatI hai| isa sthAna se prApta huI sAmagrI gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya meM bhI saMgrahIta hai| madhyapradezIya prAcIna nagara-mAlA ke antargata 'padmAvatI' kA prakAzana isa akAdamI dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai / anya bAtoM ke samAna prAcIna aitihAsika avazeSoM kI dRSTi se bhI madhyapradeza atyanta bhAgyazAlI rAjya hai / isameM padmAvatI kA sthAna isalie bhI mahatvapUrNa hai ki isake sAtha navanAgoM se lekara aneka rAjavaMzoM kA itihAsa guMthA huA hai / padmAvatI ke navanAga, jinakA ullekha viSNu-purANa taka meM milatA hai, sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa haiM / -sAta For Private and Personal Use Only

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profesara mohanalAla zarmA kI isa choTI-sI kintu mahatvapUrNa kRti meM padmAvatI ke aitihAsika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika evaM purAtAttvika Adi sabhI pakSoM para gambhIratA ke sAtha prakAza DAlA gayA hai / lekhaka ne samasta upalabdha sAmagrI se lAbha uThAyA hai aura apanI bAta ko saMyata, gambhIra evaM sarala bhASA meM vyakta kiyA hai / prAcIna itihAsa meM ruci rakhane vAle prabuddha pAThakoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM ke ucca kakSAoM ke vidyArthiyoM evaM zodha-rata chAtroM ko yaha kRti tRpti pradAna kregii| prabhu 8 mA 50 saMcAlaka madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla -ATha For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA hindI grantha akAdamI ne eka aise viSaya para likhane kA kArya sauMpA thA, jisake viSaya meM logoM kI jAnakArI atyalpa to hai hI, vidvAnoM ko bhI isake viSaya meM bahuta kucha jAnanA zeSa hai | padmAvatI prAcIna bhArata kA eka vaibhavazAlI nagara thA / isakI khyAti bhArata ke kone-kone taka jA cukI thI / rAjanaitika dRSTi se padmAvatI kisI-nakisI rUpa meM sarva-prabhutva-sampanna janataMtrAtmaka gaNarAjya kI Adima paribhASA ke antargata A jAtA hai / kuSANa, navanAga, gupta, pratihAra aura parihAra eka-eka karake Aye aura cale gaye / usane yavana-sabhyatA ke prabhAva ko dekhA, muslima sabhyatA ke prabhAva ko bhI nirakhA-parakhA, kintu apane prAcIna vaibhava ko kabhI bhulAyA nahIM / bhAraziva vaMza kI mAnamaryAdA kI rakSA kI aura Aja bhI apane bhagnAvazeSoM meM prAcIna vaibhava ko sa~joye hue, madhyadeza aura prAcIna bhArata ke gaurava ko sAkAra kara rahI hai / madhyadeza kA yaha mahAn sAMskRtika kendra vidyA ke kSetra meM kahIM Age nikala cukA thA / viSaya kI upAdeyatA padmAvatI bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti kI saMcita nidhi hai / Aja bhI yaha bhArata ke prAcIna gaurava kA guNagAna kara rahI hai / apane antara meM prAcIna itihAsa ke aneka sAkSya sa~joye hue hai jo sampUrNa deza ke aura vizeSakara madhyadeza ke prAcIna vaibhava kI kahAnI kaha rahe haiM / itihAsakAroM ne bhArata ke jisa yuga kI aspaSTa aura dhUmila kahAnI kaha kara avahelanA kara dI, padmAvatI ne usake viparIta sAkSya prastuta kiye aura isa bAta kA saMketa diyA ki yaha yuga avahelanIya nahIM hai| paravartI itihAsakAroM ne isa yuga ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA nirmANa-kAla kahA hai jo bahuta-kucha ucita pratIta hotA hai / isa yuga meM dharma aura saMskRti ke jisa svarUpa kI nIMva par3a gayI, AgAmI bIsa zatAbdiyoM meM bhI vaha nIMva kA patthara hila to gayA kintu ukhar3A nahIM / bIsavIM zatAbdI kA bhArata Aja bhI saMskRti, rAjanIti aura dharma meM padmAvatI ke usa prAcIna Adarza ko apanA rahA hai / padmAvatI ke utkhanana kArya ke dvArA kucha tathyoM para prakAza par3A hai, kintu AzA isa bAta kI lagAyI jA rahI hai ki prAcIna saMskRti kA yaha kendra abhI aura tathya aura sAkSya ugalegA, jisase prAcIna itihAsa kA citra aura bhI nikhara kara hamAre sAmane AyegA / isa dRSTi se padmAvatI kA mahatva aura bhI bar3ha jAyegA / -nau For Private and Personal Use Only

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zodha kA kArya to eka nirantara prakriyA hai / ataeva isa sambandha meM padmAvatI para yaha antima pustaka nahIM hai / abhI isa viSaya meM anya tathya ubhareMge, navIna sAkSya AyeMge aura padmAvatI ke vAstavika aura vizAla svarUpa kI jhA~kI milegii| isa dRSTi se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kabhI yaha kArya eka rUparekhA mAtra raha jAyegA, jaba padmAvatI ke sambandha meM prAcIna vaibhava ke bhavya bhavana dikhAyI deMge / prArambhika anveSaNa ke rUpa meM phira bhI isakI upAdeyatA banI rahegI / AbhAra pradarzana padmAvatI para kucha bhI likhane kA kArya samaya-sAdhya jarUra thA / lekina DaoN0 prabhudayAlu agnihotrI jI ne isa viSaya meM mujhe pUrI-pUrI suvidhA pradAna kI aura sAtha hI ve mere manobala ko bar3hAte rahe, isake lie maiM unake prayatnoM kI sarAhanA karate hue apanA AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| sAgara vizvavidyAlaya meM itihAsa vibhAga ke adhyakSa, pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI jI ke prati maiM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~, jinhoMne aneka sujhAvoM se mujhe lAbhAnvita kiyA / hamIdiyA kaoNleja, bhopAla ke itihAsa vibhAga ke adhyakSa, pro0 vIrendrakumAra siMha ne isa pustaka ko taiyAra karane meM jo sahayoga mujhe pradAna kiyA hai, vaha varNanAtIta hai / AbhAra pradarzita karake maiM unake RNa se uRNa nahIM ho sakatA / pustaka ko taiyAra karane meM maiMne jina vidvAna lekhakoM ke granthoM se sahAyatA lI hai, unake prati bhI maiM AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ / ina granthoM kI sUcI pustaka meM dI huI hai / vaise jahA~ taka bana par3A hai maiMne yathAsthAna sandarbhoM kA saMketa bhI kara diyA hai / kaI sthAnoM para anya lekhakoM ke vicAroM ko maiMne apane vizvAsa aura vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para apanA banA liyA hai / zivapurI ke sthAnIya kalAkAroM ne pustaka ke lie citrAdi taiyAra karane meM jo kArya kiyA hai usake lie ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / anta meM maiM vIratattva prakAzaka maNDala ke pustakAlaya ke saMrakSaka zrI kAzInAtha sarAka jI kA hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinhoMne apane susamRddha pustakAlaya se pUrA-pUrA lAbha uThAne kA mujhe avasara pradAna kiyA / padmAvatI ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI prApta karane meM zivapurI ke sUcanA evaM prakAzana vibhAga ke adhikArI zrI AnandasiMha jI se vizeSa sahAyatA milii| sAtha hI zrI hariharanivAsa dvivedI jI ne bhI isa sambandha meM merI sahAyatA kii| maiM una donoM ke prati AbhAra pradarzita karatA hU~ / mAnacitra taiyAra karane ke lie zrI viTThala kumAra vyAsa jI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only -- lekhaka

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viSaya-sUcI prAkkathana prastAvanA bhUmikA adhyAya 1 padmAvatI 1.1 padmAvatI, 1.2 sthAna-nirdhAraNa, 1.3 padmAvatI kA nAmollekha, 1.4 padmAvatI tathA kAntipurI sambandhI vivAda kA itihAsa, 1.5 padmAvatI sambandhI janazruti, 1.6 vatIH vAyA, eka ullekha adhyAya 2 sAhitya aura itihAsa 2.1 purANa, 2.2 bANabhaTTa kA harSacarita, 2.3 mAlatI-mAdhava meM padmAvatI, 2.4 sarasvatI-kaMThAbharaNa meM padmAvatI, 2.5 khajurAho kA zilAlekha adhyAya 3 13 padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA 3.1 padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA 3.2 vIrasena kA zilAlekha, 3.3 padmAvatI kA vanaspara, 3.4 kuSANa-zAsana aura padmAvatI, 3.5 padmAvatI ke navanAga, 3.6 bhAraziva, 3.7 bhAraziva vaMza kI sthApanA evaM zAkhAe~, 3.8 padmAvatI zAkhA, 3.6 virudAvalI, 3.10 padmAvatI ke zAsaka, 3.11 vindhyazakti, 3.12 bhavanAga aura maharolI kA stambha, 3.14 nAga sAmrAjya kA patana, 3.15 nAgoM kI zAsanapraNAlI, 3.16 saMghIya zAsana kA svarUpa, 3.17 gaNarAjyoM kI samApti -gyAraha For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya 4 padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa 4.1 saMgRhIta vastue~, 4.2 kuSANoM se pUrva ke smRti-cihna, 4.3 mANibhadra yakSa 4.4 mAnavAkAra nandI, 4.5 utkRSTa kalAkRtiyA~: mRNmUrtiyAM, 4.6 saMgIta samAroha kA anupama dRzya, 4.7 viSNu mUrti, 4.8 nAga rAjA kI mUrti, 4.6 suvarNa bindu zivaliMga, 4.10 nAgoM ke rAjakIya cihna, 4.11 buddha pratimA, 4.12 tAr3a-stambha zIrSa, 4.13 sUrya stambha-zIrSa, 4.14 nAgavaMzIya sikke adhyAya 5 padmAvatI kA vAstu-zilpa 5.1 prAcIna IMTeM, 5.2 padmAvatI kA durga, 5.3 dhUmezvara mahAdeva kA mandira, 5.4 padmAvatI kA viSNu mandira, 5.5 bhUmarA kA ziva mandira, 5.6 muslima makabare adhyAya 6 padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA 6.1 azvamedha yajJa 6.2 nAgoM kI viSNu-pUjA, 6.3 zavopAsanA, 6.4 dhana kA bhaNDArI kubera, 6.5 sArthavAhoM ke ArAdhya yakSa, 6.6 upAsanAoM kA samanvaya aura hindU dharma kA udaya, 6.7 gAya kI pavitratA, 6.8 nAgara lipi, 6.6 padmAvatI : eka paryavekSaNa saMdarbha-grantha-sUcI 73 For Private and Personal Use Only

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citra-sUcI or 1-mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti (agra bhAga), padmAvatI 2--mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti (pRSTha bhAga), padmAvatI 3-mANibhadra yakSa kA zilAlekha, padmAvatI 4--tAr3a-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI 5-tAr3a-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI 6-viSNu mandira kA sUrya-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI 7-nAgoM kI rudra-pUjA, moheMjodaro 8-viSNu, padmAvatI 6-viSNu mUrti, padmAvatI 10-nAgarAjA kI pratimA, phirojapura (vidizA) 11-bhArazivanAga, kalA bhavana, kAzI 12-nAgarAjA kI pratimA, padmAvatI 13-nAgarAjA kI mUrti, padmAvatI 14-nAgarAjA kI mUrti, (agra bhAga), sA~cI 15-nandI, (agna bhAga) padmAvatI 16-nandI (pRSThabhAga), padmAvatI 17-adhirAja zrI bhavanAga kI mudrAe~ 18-jyeSTha (mitra yA nAga?) kI mudrAe~ 16-skandanAga kI mudrA 20-mAhezvara nAga kI madrA, lAhaura 21-viSNu mandira, padmAvatI 22-gIta-nRtya-dRzya, viSNu mandira, padmAvatI 23-gIta-nRtya kI nartakI padmAvatI 24-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 1, padmAvatI 25-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 2, padmAvatI 26-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 3, padmAvatI -teraha For Private and Personal Use Only

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m mmr 27-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 4, padmAvatI 28-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 5, padmAvatI 26-vAdya tathA vAdikA, 6, padmAvatI 30-chatradhAriNI, padmAvatI 31- nAgachatra yukta mRNmUrtiyAM, padmAvatI 32-mRNmUrti kA sira, 1, padmAvatI 33-mRNmUrti kA sira, 2, padmAvatI 34-mRNamUrti kA sira, 3, padmAvatI 35--mRNamUrti kA sira, 4, padmAvatI 36-mRNamUrti kA sira, 5, padmAvatI 37.-mRNamUrti kA sira, 6, padmAvatI 38--dhUmezvara mahAdeva kA mandira, pavAyA 36- jalaprapAta, sindhu nadI, pavAyA 40-prAkRtika dRzya, pavAyA -caudaha For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya eka padmAvatI 1.1 padmAvatI kA nAma lene ke sAtha hI Aja isa bAta kI kalpanA svAbhAvika nahIM ki yaha kisI prAcIna nagarI kA nAma hogaa| yahA~ taka ki koSakAra bhI 'padmAvatI' zabda ke artha-vizleSaNa meM usa saMketa ko bhUla jAte haiM, jo purANoM meM milatA hai| koSakAra ne padmAvatI ke 6 artha diye haiN| kintu ina arthoM meM usa artha kI ora koI saMketa nahIM, jisake AdhAra para padmAvatI ko vartamAna padma-pavAyA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jA sake / kheda kA viSaya hai ki isa prAcIna vaibhavazAlI nagara ko isa prakAra bhulA diyA gayA / IsA kI prathama cAra-pA~ca zatAbdiyoM taka yaha nagara hindU saMskRti kA eka pramukha kendra thA / prAcIna vaibhava aura utkarSa kA yaha sUrya kisa prakAra asta hotA gayA. isa bAta kA ullekha taka nahIM miltaa| vijetA zakti vijita zakti ke guNoM se kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM to lAbhAnvita hotI hI hai / itihAsa meM aise udAharaNa kama mileMge, jaba vijetA zakti ne vijita zakti ke vaibhava para isa prakAra pardA DAlA ho / padmAvatI meM eka bhavya mandira ko eka bhoMDe AyatAkAra cabUtare ke dvArA AcchAdita kara diyA gayA thA / utkhanana kArya ke dvArA hI mandira kI parikathA ko punarjIvana milA hai| AgAmI pRSThoM meM isa nagarI ke utkarSApakarSa kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| harSa kA viSaya hai ki aba taka aise sAkSya upalabdha ho cuke haiM, jinake AdhAra para padmAvatI kA parigata svarUpa spaSTa rekhAoM ke dvArA aMkita kiyA jA ske| 1. ye 6 artha haiM :--(1) eka mAtrika chanda, (2) apane samaya kI lokapriya pracalita kathA ke anusAra mahAkavi jAyasI racita 'padmAvata' mahAkAvya ke anusAra siMhala kI eka rAjakumArI jisase cittaura ke rAjA ratanasena byAhe the, (3) paTanA nagara kA eka prAcIna nAma, (4) pannA nagara kA prAcIna nAma, (5) ujjayinI kA eka prAcIna nAma, (6) manasAdevI, (7) kazyapa RSi kI kanyA aura jaratkAru RSi kI patnI, (8) jayadeva kavi kI strI, (8) eka nadI kA nAma / rAmacandra varmA, saMkSipta hindI zabda-sAgara, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, saM0 2014 vi0 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 : padmAvatI 1.2 sthAna nirdhAraNa pavAyA, jise 'padma - pavAyA' athavA 'padama-pavA' kahA jAtA hai, madhya relave ke DabarA sTezana se lagabhaga sAr3he teraha mIla dUra sthita hai / DabarA gvAliyara se cAlIsa mIla dakSiNa hai| DabarA se eka sar3aka bhitaravAra ke lie jAtI hai / usI sar3aka para 8 mIla calane para bailagAr3I kA eka kaccA rAstA milatA hai / isI mArga para sAr3he cAra mIla kI yAtrA kara lene para hameM usa prAcIna nagarI ke darzana hote haiM, jise Aja pavAyA kahA jAtA hai| usakA aitihAsika nAma padmAvatI hai / padmAvatI kA nAma pavAyA kaba ho gayA, isa viSaya meM koI ullekhanIya sAkSya nahIM milatA / janamukha para Aja bhI pavAyA kA ' padama pavAyA' nAma rUr3ha hai / 'padama' padmAvatI kA hI saMkSipta rUpa hai / prAcIna padmAvatI nagarI pavAyA aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM basI huI thI / isa sambandha meM gA~voM ko abhihita karane kI eka sAmAnya pravRtti kA ullekha karanA samIcIna hogA / kisI gA~va kI sthiti ke sahI-sahI nirUpaNa ke lie usake nikaTavartI gA~va kA nAma usake sAtha milA kara bolA jAtA hai / do gA~voM ke yugma banA kara unakA ullekha karane kI pravRtti bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se milatI hai / pavAyA ke nikaTavartI gA~voM meM pracalita isa pravRtti kA ullekha karanA adhika upayukta hogaa| isa prakAra ke yugma haiM : pavApacaper3iyA ( pavAyA ke pAsa kA eka gA~va pacaper3iyA bhI hai) rAyapura dhamakana ( rAyapura ke sahI sthAna nirdhAraNa ke lie dhamakana ke sAtha yugma banAyA gayA hai, yaha rAyapura eka choTA-sA gA~va hai), karerA- pichora tathA DabarA - pichora ( pichora do haiM, eka karerA ke pAsa aura dUsarA DabarA ke pAsa ) ( ukta yugmoM se donoM kI sthiti kA bodha karAyA gayA hai), pauharIsirasauda tathA sirasauda karerA (sirasauda do alaga-alaga gA~va haiM, eka karerA ke nikaTa aura dUsarA pauharI ke nikaTa ), badaravAsa - pichora tathA kolArasa - badaravAsa ( badaravAsa bhI do bhinnabhinna sthAna haiM, eka kolArasa ke pAsa dUsarA pichora ke pAsa ) / pavAyA ke sAtha bhI padama kA uccAraNa isI athavA isase milate-julate tathya ko prakaTa karatA hai / aba vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki kyA pavAyA ke sAtha prayukta padama aMza ke AdhAra para hI padmAvatI ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ? yaha bAta sahI hai ki isa sAkSya ko sampUrNa sAkSya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu anya sAkSyoM ke pariprekSya meM isakA sthAna atyanta mahatvapUrNa ho jAtA hai / pavAyA ko aitihAsika padmAvatI ke rUpa meM pahacAnane ke lie itihAsakAroM ne jo prayatna kiye haiM ve sarAhanIya hone ke sAtha-sAtha nirNAyaka bhI siddha huye / aba yaha bAta nissaMdeha satya hai ki vartamAna pavAyA tathA usake nikaTavartI kSetra kA nAma padmAvatI thA / yaha eka bhavya nagara thA aura navanAga sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI thaa| IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM yaha saMskRti kA eka prasiddha kendra thA / 1.3 padmAvatI kA nAmollekha padmAvatI ke sambandha meM prAcInatama nAmollekha hameM 'viSNu purANa' meM milatA hai, yathA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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padyamAvatI kA sthala-mAnacitra gvAliyarako Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra DabarA me (relve sTe.) jI. AIpI .relve . / lavaNganUna nadI immingHim-mAsIko rA (pArabatI nadI For Private and Personal Use Only padamAvatI - sthala maNIpada kI mUrti-- dhUmezvara kA maMdira mikepITala ofereT (PLATE FORM) Pair me maMcorAnA ydidorI (bhavabhUrti kA svarNa bida) www.kobatirth.org Do- nA naravara madhumatI (makuvara) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mIloM kA paimAnA

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padmAvatI : 3 "navanAgAstu bhokSyaMti purI padmAvatI nRpA : mathurAMca purI ramyAM nAgA bhokSyaMti sapta vai|" tathA, "navanAgAH padmAvatyAM kAMtipuryA mthuraayaaN'| isa prakaraNa se yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai ki nava nAgoM ne padmAvatI, kAntipurI evaM mathurA meM apanI rAjadhAniyA~ banA kara rAjya kiyaa| viSNu purANa ke isa ullekha meM padmAvatI evaM kAntipurI kI sthiti ke viSaya meM koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| mathurA ke sambandha meM to kabhI koI vivAda upasthita nahIM huA, usakA prAcIna aura arvAcIna eka hI nAma banA rhaa| kintu padmAvatI aura kAntipurI ke sambandha meM itihAsakAroM meM bar3A vivAda banA rhaa| DaoN0 altekara ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki mirjApura ke samIpa vAlI kAntipurI meM kabhI bhI nAgavaMza kA zAsana nahIM rahA / 1.4 padmAvatI tathA kAntipurI sambandhI vivAda kA itihAsa ___ aba prazna yaha utpanna hotA hai ki purANoM kA uparyukta kathana kyA AMzika rUpa se hI satya hai ? zrI vilsana evaM zrI kaniMghama kAntipurI ko vartamAna kutavAra ke rUpa meM pahacAnate haiM / gvAliyara rAjya ke purAtatva vibhAga ke bhUtapUrva saMcAlaka zrI mo0 vA0 gardai ukta donoM vidvAnoM ke mata se sahamata haiN| gvAliyara rAjya ke purAtatva vibhAga ke saMvat 1960 ke vArSika vivaraNa meM isa prazna para nirNAyaka DhaMga se vicAra kiyA hai| kintu DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla mirjApura jile ke kaMtita ko hI kAntipurI mAnate haiN| DaoN0 alTekara DaoN0 jAyasavAla ke isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA mata hai- "isa bAta kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki kAntipurI para kisI nAgavaMza kA kabhI rAjya rahA thA, athavA sikkoM para nava nAmaka rAjA nAga thA / usake sikke kAntipurI meM nahIM mile haiM, aura kisI bhI jJAta nAga sikke se usakI samAnatA nhiiN|" kintu DaoN0 altekara kI isa dhAraNA kA AdhAra hI galata hai| kaMtita yadi kAntipurI nahIM to vahA~ nAgavaMzoM ke sikke milane kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA bhI truTipUrNa hai ki kisI kAntipurI para kisI nAgavaMza kA zAsana hI nahIM rahA thaa| kutavAra meM yadi utkhanana kA kArya kiyA jAya to sthiti kucha adhika spaSTa ho skegii| vaise vahA~ eka hI nidhi meM lagabhaga 18,000 se bhI adhika nAga sikke prApta hue haiN| itane adhika sikkoM kA milanA eka mahatvapUrNa bAta hai / kutavAra kI sthiti kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kaniMghama ne eka janazruti kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| usake anusAra padAvalI, suhAniyA~ evaM kutavAra kisI samaya eka hI nagara ke bhAga the tathA ye bAraha kosa ke vistAra meM phaile huye the / kaniMghama ne kutavAra ko atyanta prAcIna nagara mAnA hai / isase isa sambhAvanA ko aura bhI bala milatA hai ki vartamAna kutavAra kA hI nAma kAntipurI rahA hogaa| sthAna nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM jaisA vivAda kAntipurI ke sambandha meM upasthita ho gayA thA vaisA hI vivAda padmAvatI ke sambandha meM banA rahA / zrI vilsana ne sarvaprathama padmAvatI ko 1. kaniMghama kI sarvekSaNa riporTa-khaMDa 2, pRSTha 303 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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4 : padmAvatI ujjayinI (ujjaina) ke rUpa meM pahacAnA / kintu isa sthApanA se vaha svayaM santuSTa na ho sake aura unhoMne eka anya sthApanA ko sthAna diyA jisake anusAra padmAvatI ko vartamAna auraMgAbAda athavA barAra ke Asa-pAsa ThaharAyA gayA / eka sambhAvanA yaha bhI vyakta kI gaI ki yaha kahIM vidarbha (barAra) meM sthita padmApura to nahIM jisakA varNana kavi evaM nATakakAra bhavabhUti ne kiyA hai| kintu padmAvatI aura padamapura ke nAmoM meM AMzika dhvanyAtmaka sAmya to hai, isase adhika koI aitihAsika sAmya nahIM tathA na isakA samarthana aitihAsika tathyoM ke dvArA hI hotA hai / isake pazcAt vilsana ne eka anya sambhAvanA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jisake anusAra padmAvatI ko vartamAna bhAgalapura ke sthAna para pahacAnA gayA hai / yaha gaMgA ke kinAre para basA huA thaa| kintu zrI vilsana kI eka bhI dhAraNA satya na niklii| viSNu purANa meM jina tIna nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yathA, padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura mathurA, unake viSaya meM zrI kaniMghama dvArA kiyA gayA saMketa vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / unake matAnusAra padmAvatI ko mathurA se bahuta adhika dUra nahIM khojanA caahiye| isa AdhAra para unhoMne zrI vilsana kI samasta dhAraNAoM ko asiddha kara diyaa| unhoMne padmAvatI ko vartamAna naravara ke rUpa meM pahacAnA, jo ki mathurA se lagabhaga 150 mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai / 3 zrI kaniMghama kI isa dhAraNA kA eka AdhAra ve sikke the, jo nAgavaMza ke the aura naravara ke Asa-pAsa mile the| dUsare una cAra nadiyoM ko bhI yahIM pahacAnA hai jinakA ullekha mAlatI mAdhava meM kiyA hai / zrI kaniMghama ko mAlatI mAdhava meM ullikhita padmAvatI kI bhaugolika sthiti kA paricaya zrI vilsana ke dvArA anUdita mAlatI mAdhava ke aMgrejI ke anuvAda ke dvArA huA hogaa| yadyapi kaniMghama kI sthApanA zrI vilsana kI sthApanA se kahIM adhika yuktisaMgata hai, kintu satya ke nikaTa pahu~cakara bhI yaha dhAraNA satya nahIM ho paaii| yaha bAta to mAnI jA sakatI hai ki naravara bhI nAgavaMza kI rAjadhAnI padmAvatI ke antargata AtA hogaa| nAgavaMza ke sikkoM ke milane kA yahI sabase bar3A kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kintu padmAvatI ke sthala kI sahI-sahI pahacAna karane meM kaniMghama se tanika sI bhUla ho gii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unhoMne mAlatI mAdhava meM varNita nadiyoM kI sthiti kI ThIka-ThIka jAnakArI prApta nahIM kii| hA~ , isa bAta kA zreya unheM avazya diyA jAnA cAhie ki ve bhavabhUti dvArA iMgita sindhu, pArA, lavaNA aura madhumatI nadiyoM ko vartamAna sindhu, pArvatI, nUna aura mahuara nadiyoM ke rUpa meM pahacAna pAye / nadiyoM kI sahI-sahI sthiti ko samajha kara padmAvatI ko cihnita karane kA kArya hI zeSa raha gayA thA jise zrI ema0 bI0 lele ne pUrA kara diyaa| unhoMne 'mAlatI mAdhava-sAra ANi vicAra' nAmaka eka choTI sI pustaka marAThI meM likhI hai| sarvaprathama isa pustaka meM unhoMne yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki vartamAna pavAyA ke sthAna para athavA usake nikaTavartI kSetra para 1. thiyeTara oNva di hindUja, khaMDa 2, mAlatI tathA mAdhava, pRSTha 65 kI TippaNI / 2. vilsana kA viSNu purANa, pRSTha 480 kI ttippnnii| 3. kaniMghama kI sarvekSaNa riporTa, khaMDa 2, pRSTha 303 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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/ApArAkA iTAvAkI madhya bhAratakA mAnacitra / padAvalI ranAlA gvAliyara pamAnA 168. 15 32 48mA n uttara ajamerako ..CONTIPS cambalanarI paNa pura saMjanaTI zivapa muravAyA terahI kaDavAhA lalitapura sauMdanI).... paThArI M(udayapura baDoha opanegA udayagiri UPoyATapsapura cambala nadI bhopAla HAM bar3audAko narmadA nadI - iTArasI namA bAga mAMDU va zvara khAMDavA bambaIko 'baIko - For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 5 padmAvatI nAmaka bhavya nagarI basI huI thI / isake pazcAta zrI garde ne utkhanana kA kArya karAyA aura aba isa viSaya meM koI zaMkA hI nahIM raha gaI / padma-pavAyA nizcita rUpa se padmAvatI kA hI bhagnAvazeSa hai / isameM aba do mata nahIM / 1.5 padmAvatI sambandhI janazruti aitihAsika avazeSoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrI ga ne jana- paramparA kA bhI sAkSya prastuta kiyA hai, jo vicAraNIya hai / pavAyA ke nivAsI apane nagara ko prAcIna padmAvatI ke rUpa meM pahacAnate haiM / yaha pIr3hI dara pIr3hI calI AI huI bAta hai / nagaravAsiyoM kA yaha vizvAsa ki unakA nagara ati prAcIna kAla meM kisI nAgavaMza kI rAjadhAnI rahA thA, vicAra karane yogya hai / isa sambandha meM zrI mo0 bA0 garde ne eka janazruti kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / unake anusAra eka janazruti meM do rAjAoM kA ullekha AtA hai / eka hai dhundapAla, jise dhanyapAla bhI kahA jAtA hai, aura dUsarA hai punyapAla athavA puNyapAla / inameM se dhundapAla ko padmAvatI kA cakravartI samrAT kahA jAtA hai| eka samaya kI bAta hai rAjA apane nyAyAlaya meM baiThA huA thaa| garmI kA mausama thA / rAjA ko pasInA A gayA / krodha meM rAjA ne Adeza diyA ki sUrya ko pakar3a liyA jAe, kyoMki parezAnI kA kAraNa vahI siddha ho rahA thA / usa samaya anya devI-devatAoM kI upAsanA ke sAtha sUrya kI upAsanA bhI pracalita rahI hogI / rAjA kI isa adhArmika vRtti para devI, jo nagara devI ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thI, aprasanna ho gaIM / usane zApa diyA ki nagara naSTa ho jAye / pariNAmataH nagara naSTa ho gayA / isa janazruti se ukta rAjA ke krodhI svabhAva kA hI paricaya milatA hai / isameM usa rAjA ke vaMza kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yaha bAta to satya hai ki padmAvatI para paramAra vaMza ke rAjAoM kA rAjya rahA thA / dhundapAla usa vaMza kA eka zaktizAlI rAjA thA, jisane kile kA nirmANa karAyA thA / kintu vartamAna kile ke sambandha meM yaha sunA jAtA hai ki ise naravara ke kachavAhA rAjAoM ne banavAyA thaa| yaha rAjA dillI saltanata kA karadAtA thA / sakatI / kintu prAcIna ise asvIkAra bhI nahIM / ukta janazruti meM cAhe yaha bAta sahI hai ki janazruti itihAsa kA rUpa nahIM le itihAsa ke kisI-na-kisI aMga para janazruti kA prabhAva par3atA hai, kiyA jA sakatA / janazruti kA kucha na kucha to AdhAra hotA hI hai aura koI bAta saca na ho kintu yadi kevala itanI hI bAta saca ho ki padmAvatI para koI rAjA rAjya karatA thA to isase Age kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai evaM padmAvatI ko kisI rAjya kI rAjadhAnI mAnA jA sakatA hai / kevala yaha nizcaya karanA zeSa raha jAtA hai ki yaha rAjya kauna sA thA / 1.6 vatI : vAyA - eka ullekha Upara isa bAta para to vicAra kiyA hI jA cukA hai ki padama pavAyA meM jo 'padama' aMza hai vaha padmAvatI kA smaraNa karAtA hai| zrI garde ne isa parivartana para eka anya dRSTikoNa se bhI vicAra kiyA hai / unhoMne vatI ke vAyA meM parivartana ko bhI mAnyatA dI hai / isI For Private and Personal Use Only

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6 : padmAvatI prakAra kA eka anya udAharaNa suravAyA kA hai / suravAyA ke sambandha meM prApta zilAlekha ke sambandha meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki suravAyA kA prAcIna nAma 'sarasvatI' diyA gayA hai| suravAyA rUpa kI niSpatti 'vatI' ke sthAna para vAyA ke prayoga dvArA huii| isI prakAra padmAvatI ke antima 'vatI' kA vAyA bana gayA hogaa| yadyapi bhASA meM parivartana to bar3e aTapaTe DhaMga se ho jAyA karate haiM, kintu vatI kA vAyA ho gayA hogA isa viSaya meM eka zilAlekha ke atirikta aura dUsarA pramANa nahIM milatA / ataeva vatI ke vAyA ho jAne aura padmA ke damA aMza kA lopa ho jAne ke viSaya meM nirNAyaka rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki dhvani ke isa parivartana kA samarthana dhvani vijJAna dvArA nahIM hotA / kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki pavAyA ke sthAna para padmAvatI ko pahacAnane meM koI kaThinAI upasthita ho rahI ho / nAma ke parivartana kI bAta jAne dIjiye, anya aitihAsika sAkSya itanI adhika mAtrA meM mila gaye haiM ki aba isa viSaya meM koI saMdeha zeSa nahIM raha gayA hai| ___aba to AvazyakatA kevala isa bAta kI hai ki padmAvatI ke sambandha meM adhika-seadhika sAmagrI prApta ho jisase ki isakI parigata kathA ko zRkhalAbaddha kiyA jA ske| padmAvatI ke avazeSoM ke saMkalana kI samasyA jitanI mahatvapUrNa hai usa saMkalita sAmagrI ke vidhivata vizleSaNa kI samasyA isase kama mahatva kI nhiiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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narabara dadamAra golapurA mihAbarA TonI ha oe TihAlA harIko govidA babharola ronIjA bhitara 'padmAvatI (pavAyA) kA mAnacitra paimAnA 1 iMca = 2 mIla boo macoriyA mAI kalyAnapura dehare dAsanI mAsA kalAnI kalA kI sunArI 'jazAvAsAnI vAra * pAravatI nayA siMda-nadI siMdhu dubarA mAnI, paparer3a 0 3 mahIr3A bujarga Alamapura sADA khurda saarviin| mahor3A khurda bar3agIrI vA urInA mahua lakInA, kalIcUrA sahadorA liya paDora, dalA yamahola pavArA nAbatI ZTOT makarA jagarolI jgronii| kilA diDorI pacora bAlA para 0 sugAsI hiTosA khurda 0lidhorA ra ji. jalanAra mimarIyA bhesanArI * bIjakapura buTAmArI 1 ciTonI salavAla gujarapurA datiyA ko lavaNA (nUna) nadI zrImApura dhUrA monagira ""sinavAla, mheyA a rAmapurA 0 jhAMsI Zai jhAMsI ko DabarA ( relave sTe) barUA kalAna pI. relve pe theythr uparIyA sItApura - gvAliyara ko caka islAmapuradAhI dezadorA rAmagar3ha nigaru pula sultAnapura "genarola paMco khezA caitapurA, sunArI rAmapura zrI cApura khajurI barukhA bAnolI For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya do sAhitya aura itihAsa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir koI sAhityika racanA aitihAsika dRSTi se kyA nirNAyaka sAkSya prastuta kara sakatI hai, yaha bhI eka gambhIra prazna hai / yadi anya koI aitihAsika sAkSya prApta nahIM hotA, to kisI bhI sAkSya ko nirNAyaka mAna kara calanA to ucita nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai / kintu padmAvatI ke sthAna nirdhAraNa karane meM yaha samasyA utpanna nahIM hotI / pavAyA ke nikaTavartI kSetra se prApta purAtatvIya avazeSa isa bAta ko siddha kara sakate haiM ki yaha koI prAcIna aitihAsika nagara honA cAhiye / mAlatI mAdhava meM to isa nagara ko atyanta samRddha aura unnata batAyA gayA hai / yaha aizvarya sampannatA madhya kAla taka banI rahI hogI / isa nagara kI prAcInatA to ve sikke siddha kara dete haiM, jo varSoM se milate rahe haiM / prAcIna IMToM ke bane smAraka tathA pASANa aura miTTI kI bahusaMkhyaka kalAkRtiyA~ bhI isa nagara kI bhavyatA ko siddha kara detI haiM / nAgavaMza ke itanI adhika mAtrA meM prApta sikke isa bAta kA bhI sAkSya prastuta karate haiM ki yaha nagara kabhI nAgoM ke saMrakSaNa meM phalA-phUlA thA / padmAvatI gupta kAla se pUrva eka aizvaryazAlI nagara thA / samudragupta ke prayAga stambha lekha meM una rAjAoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai jinako usane parAjita kiyA thaa| ina rAjAoM meM gaNapati nAga kA nAma bhI AtA hai / vaise to padmAvatI ke khaNDaharoM meM usa nAgavaMzIya rAjadhAnI ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai aura isa bAta kA paricaya bhI mila hI Get a razeSa Age cala kara guptoM se bhI prabhAvita huye / kintu naravara meM aisA koI abhilekha prApta nahIM huA jisase yaha siddha kiyA jA sake ki yaha nAgavaMza kI rAjadhAnI rahA hogA / isa prakAra prAcIna smArakoM ko sAkSya kI kasauTI para kasane para bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki vartamAna pavAyA hI aitihAsika padmAvatI hogA / isa dRSTi se zrI kaniMghama kI naravara ke sannikaTavartI pradeza vAlI sthApanA asiddha ho jAtI hai / 2.1 purANa padmAvatI ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama sAkSya prastuta karane vAlI kRtiyA~ haiM purANa / prArambha meM to 'nava nAgAstu bhaukSyaMti purIm padmAvatIm nRpAH' ke AdhAra para padmAvatI ke nAgoM kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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8. padmAvatI saMkhyA nau nirdhArita kI jAtI rahI, kintu kAlAntara meM 'nava' ke 'nau' artha kA parityAga kara diyA gayA aura 'nava' zabda padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura mathurA ke navanAgoM ke artha kA dyotaka bana gyaa| viSNu purANa meM navanAgoM ke jina rAjyoM ke vistAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unameM padmAvatI bhI hai / viSNu purANa kA ullekha hai-- 'navanAgAH padmAvatyAM kAntipuryA mathurAyAmanugaMgA prayAgaM mAgadhA guptAzca bhaukssyNti'| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba nava nAga padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura mathurA meM rAjya kara rahe the taba magadha ke logoM ke sAtha gupta gaMgA taTa vAle prayAga meM rAjya karane lge| DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne 'anugaMgA prayAgaM mAgadhA guptAzca bhaukSyanti' kA Azaya 'mAgadha gupta loga gaMgA taTa vAle prayAga para rAjya karate the'1 se liyA hai| kintu isase navanAgoM ke padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura mathurA para rAjya karane sambandhI tathya para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| purANoM meM azvamedha yajJa karane vAle svatantra zAsakoM kI sUcI bhI dI gaI hai| Aja jina nAga rAjAoM ke padmAvatI para zAsana karane kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai unameM se adhikAMza kA ullekha purANoM meM milatA hai| jina rAjAoM kA ullekha purANoM meM nahIM milatA, usa kamI ko sikke tathA anya pramANa pUrA kara dete haiN| kintu navanAgoM ke padmAvatI para zAsana karane kA sarvaprathama ullekha purANoM meM milatA hai| 2.2 bANabhaTTa kA harSacarita padmAvatI kA ullekha karane vAlI dUsarI kRti hai bANabhaTTa kA 'harSacarita' / yaha IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| 'harSacarita' kA ullekha hai : 'nAgakula janmanaH sArikA zrAvita maMtrasyAsInnAzo nAgasenasya pdmaavtyaaN'| isa ullekha ke dvArA to nAgavaMzIya zAsaka nAgasena ke vinAza kA hI bodha hotA hai, parantu isase padmAvatI kI sthiti kA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM ho paataa| padmAvatI para nAgoM ne zAsana kiyA, isa bAta para koI matabheda nahIM hai| 'harSacarita' ke isa ullekha se eka anya tathya para avazya prakAza par3atA hai| bANabhaTTa ne jisa sahaja bhAva se padmAvatI kA ullekha kiyA hai, usase eka bAta kA to anumAna lagAyA hI jA sakatA hai ki usake samaya meM padmAvatI nagara koI aparicita nagara nahIM rahA hogA jisakI sthiti ke spaSTIkaraNa kA prayAsa karane kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI jAtI ho / sAtavIM zatAbdI meM padmAvatI kA gaurava akSuNNa rahA hogA, jisake ullekha mAtra ke dvArA hI usakI sthiti kA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hogA / sAtha hI 'padmAvatI' usa samaya eka suparicita nagara rahA hogaa| kAlAntara meM to padmAvatI kI sthiti hI nitAMta bhrAmaka aura anizcita ho gii| sAtha hI sikkoM kI prApti niraMtara na hotI rahatI aura utkhanana kA kArya na kiyA jAtA to Aja bhI pavAyA ke rUpa meM padmAvatI ko pahacAnanA durUha ho jAtA / 1. aM0 yu0 bhA0, pRSTha 266 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya aura itihAsa : 2.3 'mAlatI mAdhava' meM padmAvatI saMskRta kavi evaM nATakakAra zrI bhavabhUti ne apane nATaka 'mAlatI mAdhava' meM padmAvatI vatI kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha vizeSa rUpa se mahatva kA hai| isa varNana se padmAvatI ke prAcIna gaurava para prakAza par3atA hai| naveM aMka ke prArambha meM kAmaMdakI kI pUrva ziSyA saudAminI ke zabda vizeSa rUpa se uddhRta karane yogya haiM : saudAminI-"yaha maiM saudAminI huuN| aizvarya sampanna zrI parvata se padmAvatI rAjadhAnI ko prApta kara vahA~ para mAlatI ke virahI hone se pUrva paricita deza ko dekhane meM asamartha ho kara mAdhavajI gRha chor3a kara makaraMda Adi mitroM ke samudAya ke sAtha bar3I drANAM (nadI kA madhya sthAna ), parvata, durgama mArga inase paripUrNa sthAna ho gaye haiM, aisA suna kara maiM unake pAsa jA rahI huuN| are, isa taraha se ur3I hU~ ki jaise sampUrNa parvata, nagara grAma , nadI inakA samUha netroM se dekha rahI huuN| pIche dekha kara vAha vAha / "1 / padmAvatI nagarI nirmala jala vAlI aura vizAla siMdhu tathA pArA nadI ke upakaraNa ke bahAne se unnata rAjaprAsAda, deva maMdira, nagara kA dvAra aura aTTAlikA inake gharSaNa se pahale vidArita aura pIche tyakta AkAza ko jaise dhAraNa kara rahI hai / 2 phira bhI, jisakI taraMga paramparA cala rahI hai| vaha prasiddha lavaNA nadI parizobhita ho rahI hai / varSA ke samaya meM dezavAsiyoM ke harSa ke liye jisakI garbhiNI gauoM ke priya aura naye tRNa vizeSoM kI paMkti ko dhAraNa karane vAlI aura sevanIya sthAna vAlI vanapaMkti vizeSa zobhita ho rahI hai| (dUsarI ora dekha kara) yaha vahI bhagavatI sindhu nadI kA pAtAla ko vidArita karane vAlA taTaprapAta hai| jalapUrNa gambhIra zabda vAle naye megha ke garjana ke sadRza pracaNDa jisa taTa 1. saudAminI :-eSAsmi saudaaminii| bhagavataH zrIparvatAdupetya padmAvatI tatra mAlatI virahaNo mAdhavasya saMstuta pradeza nAsahiSNauHsaMstyAyaM parityajya sahasuhRdvargeNa vRhad droNI zailakAMtAra pradezamupazra tyAdhunA tadantikaM prayAmi / bhauH, tathAhamutpatitA yathA sakala eva giri-nagara grAma saridaraNya vyatikaraNazca cakSuSA parizicyate / pazcAdavilokya, sAdhu sAdhu / 2. padmAvatI vimala vArivizAla siMdhu pArAsaritparikaracchalato vibharti / uttuGga saudha suramandira gopurATTa saMghaTTa pATita vimuktamivAMtarikSam // 3. apica, saiSA vibhAti lavaNA valitomipaMkti rabhrAgame janapadapramadAyayasyAH / gaugarbhiNI priyanavolapamAla bhAri sevyopakaNTha vipinAvalayo vibhAMti // For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 : padmAvatI prapAta meM utpanna yaha tumula dhvani taTasImA meM avasthita parvatoM ke nikuMjoM meM bar3hane se gaNeza jI ke kaNTha garjana ke sAdRzya ko prApta hotI hai| caMdana, sarja, sarala pATala Adi se yukta vRkSoM se durgama aura pake huye bela ke phaloM se sugaMdhita ye vana aura parvata ke pradeza navIna kadamba vana aura jambU vanoM se dRr3ha kiye gaye aMdhakAra se ghane parvata latA gRhoM meM zabda karane vAlI gambhIra gadagada dhvani nikAlane se kaThora zabda vAlI godAvarI nadI se zabdayukta kiye gaye vizAla parvata ke nitaMba pradeza vAle dakSiNa ke vana aura parvatoM kA smaraNa karA rahe haiN| aura ye madhumatI aura siMdhu nAmaka nadiyoM ke saMgama ko pavitra karane vAle svataH siddha sthiti vAle bhagavAna mahAdeva 'suvarNavindu' kahe jAte haiN| (praNAma kr)| lokoM kI utpatti karane vAle he deva, ApakI jaya ho| saba ko vara dene vAle, vedoM ke nidhAna he bhagavan, ApakI jaya ho / suMdara caMdra ko ziro bhUSaNa banAne vAle he deva, ApakI jaya ho| kAmadeva kA saMhAra karane vAle he deva, ApakI jaya ho| he Adi guro, ApakI jaya ho / bhaugolika vizleSaNa saudAminI ke ukta kathana se padmAvatI kI bhaugolika sthiti ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita saMketa prApta hote haiM : 1-padmAvatI do nadiyoM se AveSTita thI, eka sindhu aura dUsarI paaraa| nirmala jala vAlI ina donoM nadiyoM ke vartamAna nAma siMdha aura pArvatI haiN| 2- ina donoM nadiyoM se pariveSTita hone ke atirikta padmAvatI unake saMgama para sthita thii| ina nadiyoM dvArA nirmita dvizAkhA padmAvatI kA hI kSetra thaa| 3-sindhu nadI meM nagara ke nikaTa hI eka jala prapAta bhI thA / vilsana ne taTaprapAta kA artha kiyA hai taToM kA girnaa| kintu vaha isa prasaMga meM samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / yahA~ usakA artha jalaprapAta hI hogaa| 1. anyatovilokya sa eva bhagavatyAH sindhordArita rasAtalastaTa prapAtaH yatravya eSatumuladhvanirambugarbha gaMbhIra nUtana ghanastanitapracaNDa: paryantabhUdharanikuMja vijambhaNena herambakaMTharasita pratimAnameti // 2. etAzcandanAzvakarNa sarala pATalA prAyatarugahanAH pariNatamAlUra surabhayoaraNya giri bhUmayaH smArayanti taruNa kadambajambU vanAvabaddhAndhakAra gurugirinikuMja guMjadgaMbhIra gadgadondAra ghoraghoSaNagodAvarI mukharita vizAla mekhalA bhumo dakSiNAraNya bhUdharAn / ayaMca madhumatI siMdhusaMbheda pAvano bhagavAnbhavAnIpatirapauruSeyapratiSThaH sUvaNavindurityA khyAyata / / praNamyAmaH ) jaya deva bhuvana bhAvana jaya bhagavannakhilavarada nigamanidhe / jaya rucira candrazekhara jaya madanAMtaka jayAdi guro| mAlatI maadhvm-nvmoaNk| For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya aura itihAsa : 11 4-sindhu aura pArA nadiyoM kA saMgama to thA hI, nagara ke nikaTa eka anya saMgama bhI thaa| yaha sindhu aura madhumatI nadiyoM ke dvArA nirmita huA thaa| isI saMgama para eka ziva maMdira kI sthiti batAI gaI hai, jisakA nAma suvarNa bindu diyA gayA hai| 5--- uparyukta tIna nadiyoM ke atirikta eka cauthI nadI bhI thI jo padmAvatI se bahuta dUra nahIM thii| isa prakAra padmAvatI kI sahI sthiti sindhu aura pArA ( vartamAna siMdhu aura pArvatI ) nadiyoM ke saMgama para nirNIta hotI hai| vartamAna pavAyA se lagabhaga do mIla kI dUrI para sindha nadI meM eka jalaprapAta bhI hai| 'mAlatI mAdhava' meM jisa jalaprapAta kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, vaha sambhavataH yahI honA caahiye| isake sAtha hI pavAyA se do mIla kI dUrI para madhumatI nadI jise Aja 'mahuvara' kahA jAtA hai, dekhI jA sakatI hai| 'mAlatI mAdhava' meM siMdhu aura madhumatI ke saMgama para jisa suvarNabindu mandira kA ullekha hai, yaha vahI mandira honA caahiye| yahIM para zivaliMga ko sahArA dene vAlA cabUtarA bhI hai| phira lavaNa, jisakA Aja kA nAma nUna nadI hai, pavAyA se 4-5 mIla kI dUrI para hI hai| saMskRta kA lavaNa zabda hindI meM namaka, nona aura nUna hI banA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se bhI lavaNa kA nUna asaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa sthAna se naravara kI dUrI lagabhaga 25 mIla hai| mAlatI mAdhava meM nadiyoM ke jisa saMgama aura nakaTya kA spaSTIkaraNa milatA hai vaha naravara na ho kara vartamAna pavAyA hI hogaa| isa prakAra zrI kaniMghama satya ke ati nikaTa pahu~ca gaye the / yadyapi 'mAlatI mAdhava' koI aitihAsika graMtha nahIM hai kintu anya prApta sAmagrI ke saMdarbha meM isa sAkSya ko ThukarAyA nahIM jA sktaa| sAtha hI utkhanana ke pariNAmasvarUpa prApta avazeSa bhI isa tathya kA samarthana karate haiN| 2.4 sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa meM padmAvatI pArA aura sindhu nadiyoM ke viSaya meM eka ullekha paramAra-zAsaka bhoja kRta 'sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' nAmaka graMtha meM bhI milatA hai| yaha kRti I0 11vIM zatAbdI kI hai| isameM pArA nadI ke taTa para kisI vihAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI nAgarAja kA koI vana bhI honA cAhiye jisakA nAma isa graMtha meM 'phaNipativana' kiyA gayA hai| isameM kisI pahAr3I kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi isa ullekha se padmAvatI kI sthiti spaSTa nahIM hotii| kintu anya sAkSyoM ke sAtha tAlamela baiThAne para isa bAta kA nizcaya ho pAtA hai ki sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa kA yaha saMketa nizcita rUpa se padmAvatI kI ora hai| pahAr3I, vihAra aura vana saba mila kara padmAvatI ke nikaTastha sthala kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| 1. puraH pArA apArA taTabhavi vihAraH puravaraM tata: sindhuH sindhuH phaNipativanaM pAvanamataH / tadane tUdano giririti giristasya purato vizAlA zAlAbhilalita llnaabhirvijyto|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 : pAvatI 2.5 khajurAho kA zilAlekha padmAvatI ke sambandha meM khajurAho meM prApta zilAlekha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| yaha lekha I0 san 1000 ke Asa-pAsa kA hai / zilAlekha kA pATha isa prakAra hai-'pRthvI tala para eka anupama (nagara) thA jo U~ce-U~ce bhavanoM se zobhita thA aura jisake sambandha meM yaha likhA milatA hai ki usakI sthApanA pRthvI ke kisI aise zAsaka aura narendra ke dvArA svarNa aura rajata yugoM ke bIca meM huI thI jo padma vaMza kA thaa| ( isa nagara kA ) itihAsoM meM ullekha hai ( aura ) purANoM ke jJAta loga ise padmAvatI kahate haiN| padmAvatI nAma kI isa parama suMdara ( nagarI ) kI racanA eka abhUtapUrva rUpa se huI thii| isameM bahuta bar3e-bar3e aura U~ce-U~ce bhavanoM kI paMktiyA~ thIM, isake rAjamArgoM meM bar3e-bar3e ghor3e daur3ate the| isakI dIvAreM kAMtiyukta, svaccha, zubhra aura gaganacumbI thiiN| ve AkAza se bAteM karatI thIM aura isameM aise svaccha bhavana the jo tuSAramaMDita parvata kI coTiyoM ke samAna jAna par3ate the|"1 isa zilAlekha meM padmAvatI ke eka anupama nagara hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisakA AdhAra tatkAlIna sthApatyakalA kI unnati ko mAnA gayA hai| isa nagara ke itihAsoM meM ullekha hone kI bAta bhI uThAI gaI hai kintu Aja yaha aitihAsika vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM / hA~, purANoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai, isa sambandha meM Upara saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| isa nagara meM U~ce bhavana to the hI, kintu usase bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa bAta thI isa nagara kI AvAsa vyavasthA / U~ce-U~ce bhavanoM kI paMktiyA~ aura lambe-caur3e rAjamArga isa nagara kI pramukha vizeSatA thii| lambe-caur3e rAjamArga vAlI bAta saMbhavataH isa tathya para bhI prakAza DAlatI hai ki yaha nagara yAtAyAta ke eka mukhya mArga para sthita thaa| svAsthya vijJAna kI dRSTi se sundara aura svaccha bhavana tathA U~cI-U~cI dIvAreM kitanI mahatvapUrNa hotI haiM, yaha bAta cAhe Aja sarvavidita na ho, kintu padmAvatI ke zAsakoM ke liye yaha jJAna vyAvahArika rUpa le cukA thaa| itanA hI nahIM ye bAteM tatkAlIna zAsakoM evaM kalAkAroM ke jIvana aura samAja ke prati svastha dRSTikoNa kI paricAyaka haiN| 1. AsIda pratimA vimAna bhavanairAbhUSitA bhUtale lokAnAmadhiyena bhUmipatinA padmottha vaMzena yaa| kenApIha nivezitA kRtayugatretAMtare zrUyate sacchAstre paThitA purANa paTubhiH padmAvatI procyate / khajurAho ke zilAlekha-i0 1 prathama khaNDa-pRSTha 146 For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya tIna padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA padmAvatI ke sambandha meM abhI isa prakAra ke nirNAyaka sAkSya upalabdha nahIM ho pAye haiN| jinase nissaMdeha rUpa se kahA jA sake ki isakA saMsthApaka amuka rAjA rahA hogA / jo kucha anumAna lagAye jA sake haiM unakA AdhAra pradhAna rUpa se to ve sikke haiM jo prAcIna zAsakoM kA ullekha karate haiN| DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne eka aise hI sikke kA ullekha kiyA hai jisa para 34vA~ varSa aMkita hai / yaha sikkA vIrasena kA hai jise padmAvatI kA saMsthApaka batAyA jAtA / vIrasena ko na kevala padmAvatI rAjya kA apitu bhAra zivoM ke mathurA rAjya kA bhI saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI vIrasena ke eka zilAlekha kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo sara ricarDa barna ko jAnakhaTa nAmaka gA~va meM milA thaa| kintu rAjAoM kI gaNanA meM navanAga nAmaka rAjA kI bhI gaNanA kI jAtI rahI / 'navanAga' ke nau rAjAoM vAlI bAta to aba prasiddha ho cukI hai / yadi navanAga rAjA kA nAma nahIM thA, to isa bAta kI pUrI-pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki eka bAra sattA khone ke pazcAt punaH sattA prApta karane ke kAraNa navanAga kahalAye / ye nAga vidizA ke nAgoM se bhinnatA darzAne ke lie apane nAma ke sAtha 'navanAga' zabda kA prayoga karane lage hoM / vaise yadi vIrasena ko hI padmAvatI kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAya, to usakA samaya lagabhaga 140 I0 se 170 I0 taka kA ThaharatA hai / 3.2 vIrasena kA zilAlekha sara ricarDa barna ko jAnakhaTa nAmaka gA~va meM vIrasena kA eka zilAlekha milA thA / jAnakha gA~va pharukhAbAda jile kI tiruvA tahasIla ke antargata AtA hai / isa zilAlekha kA sarvaprathama ullekha zrI pAjiTara dvArA sampAdita epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa 11, pRSTha 85 ke lekha meM kiyA gayA hai / Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai yaha lekha patthara kI banI huI eka aura bhI vicAraNIya pazu kI mUrti ke sira aura mu~ha para khudA hai / isake sAtha hI eka bAta hai ki vIrasena ke sikke kA cihna aura jAnakhaTa ke isa zilAlekha ke vakSa kA AkAra eka jaisA hai nAgoM kA prasiddha tAr3avRkSa / isa vRkSa ke Asa-pAsa kucha aura bhI cihna eka jaise haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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14 : padmAvatI cihna haiM, jo sikkoM ke cihnoM se mela khAte haiM / yaha zilAlekha vIrasena ke rAjya kAla ke terahaveM varSa kA hai| kintu isa zilAlekha kI sthApanA kyoM kI gaI thI, isakA samucita uttara nahIM miltaa| eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki adhika TUTA-phUTA hone ke kAraNa usakI sthApanA kA prayojana dRSTigocara nahIM ho paataa| ___isa para grISma Rtu ke cauthe pakSa kI AThavIM tithi aMkita hone kA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai| vIrasena ke isa zilAlekha meM pAye jAne vAle akSaroM kI banAvaTa huviSka aura vAsudeva ke una zilAlekhoM ke akSaroM ke samAna hai, jo DaoN0 buhalara dvArA prakAzita epIgrAphiyA iNDikA ke prathama aura dvitIya khaNDa meM diye gaye haiM / vaise ahicchatra vAle sikke para bhI isI prakAra ke akSara milate haiN| epIgrAphiyA iNDikA ke dvitIya khaNDa ke pRSTha 205 kI sAmane vAlI pleTa para kuSANa saMvat 10 kA eka citra diyA gayA hai / isa zilAlekha ke sa, ka aura na akSaroM kI khar3I pAI vAlI lakIroM kA UparI bhAga apekSAkRta moTA hai| vIrasena ke zilAlekha ke bhI ina akSaroM meM vaisI hI moTAI milatI hai| svaroM meM 'i' kI racanA donoM zilAlekhoM meM samAna hai / svaroM kI mAtrAe~ bhI lagabhaga vaisI hI haiM jaisI kuSANa saMvat 4 ke mathurA vAle zilAlekha naM0 11 kI tIsarI paMkti ke saha, dAsena evaM dAnam zabdoM meM, saMvat 18 ke zilAlekha naM0 13 kI tIsarI paMkti meM tathA dUsarI paMkti ke 'gaNAto' zabda meM tathA dUsare zabdoM meM Aye huye 'to' meM milatI hai / kuSANa saMvat 68 ke 'kSuNe gaNAto' meM bhI 'tau' usI prakAra kA hai| jAnakhaTa vAle zilAlekha meM kucha cihna aise haiM jinase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki vAsudeva ke samaya ke zilAlekha apekSAkRta bAda ke haiN| isI AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vIrasena vAsudeva kuSANa se pUrva kA honA cAhiye / 3.3 padmAvatI kA vanaspara padmAvatI meM pradhAna rUpa se navanAgoM kA rAjya rahA thA, kintu unake zAsana se pUrva bhI eka zAsaka vahA~ zAsana kara cukA thaa| purANoM meM isakA nAma vanaspara diyA gayA hai| purANoM meM isa zabda kI kaI vikRtiyA~ haiM yathA vizvasphaTi (ka), vizvasphANI aura biMbasphaTi / sAranAtha vAle zilAlekhoM meM vanasphara athavA vanaspara kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai (I0 AI0 khaNDa 8, pRSTha 173), isameM vanaspara ko kaniSka ke zAsana kAla ke tIsare varSa meM usa prAnta kA kSatrapa athavA gavarnara batAyA gayA hai jisameM banArasa par3atA hai| bAda meM vanaspara ko kSatrapa ke pada se bar3A mahAkSatrapa kA pada mila gayA thA / DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne vanaspara kA samaya 60 I0 se 120 I0 taka kA mAnA hai| 1. svAmin vIrasena, saMvatsare 10, 3-aM0 yu0 bhA0 pRSTha 37 / 2. pArajiTa kRta purANa TaiksTa kI pAda TippaNI nN045| 3. aMdhakArayugIna bhArata, pRSTha 76 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 15 itihAsa lekhaka gibana ne hUNoM kI vizeSatAeM batAte hue likhA hai ki ina logoM ke ceharoM para prAyaH dAr3hiyA~ nahIM hotI thiiN| isa kAraNa ina logoM ko na to yuvAvasthA meM kabhI bhI puruSocita zobhA prApta hotI thI aura na vRddhAvasthA kA pUjya tathA AdaraNIya rUpa ho mila pAtA thA / vanaspara kI AkRti kI tulanA bhI hUNoM kI AkRti se kI jA sakatI hai| vaha dekhane meM maMgola sA jAna par3atA thaa| purANoM meM vanaspara kI vIratA kI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai / usane padmAvatI se bihAra taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyA thA / bhAgavata tathA anya purANoM meM padmAvatI ko vanaspara ke zAsana kA kendra bindu batAyA hai| kintu usake rAjya kA vistAra magadha taka ho gayA thaa| ___ vanaspara ke vaMzajoM ko bundelakhaNDa meM banAphara kahA jAtA hai / inakI vIratA kA varNana aba taka bar3hA-car3hA kara kiyA jAtA hai| ve apanI vIratA aura yuddha kauzala ke lie prasiddha the / banApharoM kI utpatti para vicAra karane para jAnA jAtA hai ki ye loga nimna koTi ke rAjapUta the aura ucca koTi ke rAjapUtoM ke sAtha zAdI sambandha karane para inheM bar3I kaThinAI kA sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| bundelakhaNDa meM to eka bolI hI banApharI bolI ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / bRja ke kucha bhAga meM to banAphara muhAvire ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai tathA yaha zabda kisI vyakti ke naTakhaTapana aura zaitAniyata se bhare svarUpa kI ora saMketa karatA hai| udAharaNArtha--'vaha bar3A banAphara hai'--kA artha hogA-vaha bar3A naTakhaTa aura zaitAna hai / banAphara ke isa artha kA vikAsa sambhavataH vanaspara kI bhISaNa mArakATa ke kAraNa ho gayA hogA / vanaspara ne apanI prajA meM se brAhmaNoM kA bilkula nAza hI kara diyA thaa| usake atyAcAra to ucca varga ke hinduoM para bhI bahuta hue the| batAyA jAtA hai ki usane nimna koTi ke logoM tathA videziyoM ko apane rAjya meM ucca pada diye the| bhArata meM kuSANoM kI nIti ko nirdhArita karane vAlA yaha vanaspara hI samajhA jAtA hai / yaha aisI nIti thI jinameM anya dharmAvalambiyoM kA zoSaNa kiyA jAtA thA tathA rAjanaitika uddezya kI siddhi ke lie una para anekAneka atyAcAra kiye jAte the| dhana dekara bAhara se logoM ko bulAne kA kArya bhI usakI nIti ke antargata thaa| padmAvatI evaM vidizA usa samaya bhArata kI rASTrIyatA ke navonmeSa ke pradhAna kendra samajhe jAte the, kintu vanaspara ina bhAvanAoM ke unmUlana para tulA huA thaa| usane rASTrIya bhAvanAoM ko protsAhita karane vAle brAhmaNoM kA to vinAza kiyA hI sAtha hI aise kSatriyoM ko, jo zakoM ko heya dRSTi se dekhate the naSTa kara diyA gyaa| ye vanaspara dUsare dharma ke logoM ko nizcaya hI bar3A kaSTa dete the| isane kaivoM (jinheM aba kevaTa kahA jAtA hai) aura paMcakoM kA ( jinheM zUdroM se bhI heya samajhA jAtA hai ) eka aisA varga taiyAra kiyA thA, jo zAsana ke kSetra meM sahAyatA kiyA karatA thA / spaSTa hai, ye donoM hI jAtiyA~ nimna koTi kI thIM jinheM samAja meM koI sammAnapUrNa sthAna nahIM milA thA, jinameM samAja ke prati Akroza bharA huA thaa| usane zaka pulidoM ko bhI bAhara se bulAyA thA / isa prakAra jahA~ taka bana sakA isane apanI surakSA tathA zakti santulana ke liye bAhara ke logoM ko bulAyA thaa| ye loga bhI For Private and Personal Use Only

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16 : padmAvatI brAhmaNa virodhI the| kuSANoM kI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika nIti kA varNana hama Age kara rahe haiM / yahA~ itanA ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki brAhmaNoM kI varNa-vyavasthA ke jhaMjhaTa ke kAraNa ye mleccha atyanta upekSA aura ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte the; jisase inheM bar3A burA lagatA thaa| isakI pratikriyA svarUpa inhoMne aise aneka prayatna kiye jisase ki bhArata kI sAmAjika vyavasthA hI gar3abar3A jAye / sunate haiM, kAzmIra meM to isake viruddha eka bar3A bhArI Andolana bhI khar3A ho gayA thA, vahA~ ke rAjA gonarda tRtIya ne usa nAga upAsanA ko phira se pracalita kiyA thA jise kuSANa zAsana ne naSTa kara DAlA thaa| kintu kuSANoM ke isa damanakArI cakra ko samApta karake zAsana aura samAja ke chinna-bhinna rUpa ko phira se saMgaThita karane tathA padmAvatI ko eka sAMskRtika kendra ke rUpa meM punarsthApita karane kA ekamAtra zreya bhAraziva rAjAoM ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai, jinhoMne padmAvatI meM zAsana kiyA thA tathA vAhya zaktiyoM ke zoSaNa kA unmUlana karake samAja ko abhayadAna pradAna kiyaa| vanaspara ke pazcAt uttarI bhArata meM zakoM kA prabhutva naSTa-prAya ho calA thaa| vaise to mAlava ke saMgaThita rASTra-premiyoM ne bhI zakoM ko niSkAsita karane kA kArya prArambha kara diyA thA, jisakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI thA ki inheM videzI samajhA jAtA thaa| isa sambandha meM unhoMne dakSiNa mahArASTra ke tatkAlIna sAtavAhana zAsakoM se sahAyatA lI thI aura prArambhika saphalatA svarUpa ujjayinI ke zakoM ko parAsta kara diyA gyaa| zakoM kI yaha parAjaya unakI zakti para gahare prahAra ke rUpa meM siddha huI aura unakA tatkAla prabhAva yaha huA ki kucha samaya ke lie uttara bhArata para unakA rAjanaitika prabhutva hI samApta ho gayA / 2 3.4 kuSANa zAsana aura padmAvatI jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai vanaspara ne brAhmaNoM kA vinAza karane ke aneka prayatna kiye / isake sAtha hI usane ucca vargIya kSatriyoM kA bhI unmUlana kiyA / yahA~ taka ki hinduoM ke aneka smRti-cihnoM ko miTAne meM usakA pradhAna hAtha rhaa| eka sthAna para isa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai ki pavitra agni ke jitane mandira the ve eka Arambhika kuSANa ne naSTa kara DAle the aura unake sthAna para bauddha mandira banavAye gaye the| eka kuSANa 1. pArajiTarakRta purANa TaiksTa kI pRSTha 52 kI pAda TippaNI 48 ullekhanIya hai / viSNu purANa meM kahA hai-kaivarta yadu (yavu) puliMga abrAhmANAnAm (nyAn) rAjye sthApayisyathi utsAdyekhila kSatra-jAti / bhAgavata meM kahA hai-kariSyati aparAn varNAn puliMda-yavu, madrakAn / prajAzca abrahma bhuyiSThAH sthApayiSyati durmatiH // vAyU purANa meM kahA hai-utsAdya pArthivAna sarvAna so anyAna varNAna kariSyati kaivartAna paMcakAMzcaiva puliMdAna abrahmaNAnAMstathA // dUsarA pATha-kaivartayAsAma sakAMzcaiva puliMdAn / aura kaivartAn ya pumAMzcaiva Adi / a0 yu0 bhA0 pRSTha 78 / 2. mathurA, zrI kRSNadatta vAjapeyI, pRSTha 18 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 17 kSatrapa kA aisA lekha bhI milA hai jisakI nIti hI yaha thI ki brAhmaNoM aura sanAtanI jAtiyoM kA jahA~ taka ho sake damana kiyA jaay| batAyA jAtA hai ki apanI prajA ko brAhmaNahIna banAnA unakI dhArmika aura sAmAjika nIti kA eka aMga bana gyaa| alabarUnI ne eka aise zaka zAsana kI vizeSatA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisakA zAsana IsavI san 78 ke Asa-pAsa bhArata meM pracalita thaa| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne isakA nimna uddharaNa prastuta kiyA hai : "yahA~ jisa zaka kA ullekha hai, usane AryAvarta meM apane rAjya ke madhya meM apanI rAjadhAnI banA kara sindhu se samudra taka ke pradeza para atyAcAra kiyA thaa| apane hinduoM ko AjJA de dI thI ki ve apane Apako zaka hI samajhe aura zaka hI kaheM, isake atirikta apane Apako aura kucha na samajhe yA na kheN|" (2,6) garga saMhitA meM kucha isI prakAra ke vicAra vyakta kiye gaye haiN| andhakArayugIna bhArata meM diyA gayA uddharaNa isa prakAra hai : "zakoM kA rAjA bahuta hI lobhI, zaktizAlI aura pApI thA |.........in bhISaNa aura asaMkhya zakoM ne prajA kA svarUpa naSTa kara diyA thA aura unake AcaraNa bhraSTa kara diye the|'' (pRSTha 84) kathA saritsAgara meM guNADhya ne bhI mlecchoM ke adhArmika kRtyoM kA ullekha kiyA ___"ye mleccha loga brAhmaNoM kI hatyA karate haiM aura unake yajJoM tathA dhArmika kRtyoM meM bAdhA DAlate haiM / ye AzramoM kI kanyAoM ko uThA le jAte haiM / bhalA aisA kauna sA aparAdha hai jo ye duSTa nahIM karate ?' (kathA saritsAgara 18) isa prakAra yaha sahaja anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kuSANoM ne hinduoM kI sAmAjika vyavasthA ko chinna-bhinna karane ke lie aneka prayatna kiye / spaSTa hai, vanaspara ne bhI apane padmAvatI ke zAsana ke samaya aneka atyAcAra kiye hoMge / ina atyAcAroM ke kAraNa hI 'banAphara' zabda duSTa aura durAcArI artha ke lie rUr3ha ho gyaa| kintu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki I0 dUsarI sadI kA anta hote-hote mathurA aura padmAvatI prabhRti pradezoM se kuSANa sattA ukhar3a gaI thii| madhyapradeza tathA pUrvI paMjAba se kuSANoM ko haTAne meM kaI zaktiyoM kA hAtha thaa| padmAvatI, kAntipurI tathA mathurA se to nAgavaMzI rAjAoM ne kuSANoM ko bhagAne meM pUrI pUrI zakti lagA dI thii| kauzAMbI tathA vidhya-pradeza se maya rAjAoM kI sahAyatA se evaM madhyapradeza se mAlavoM, yaudheyoM evaM kuNiMdoM ke dvArA rAjasthAna aura paMjAba se kuSANoM ko bhagAyA gyaa| 3.5 padmAvatI ke navanAga zivanaMdI mukhya zuMga zAkhA ke rAjAoM ke bAda huaa| kintu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki zivanaMdI vidizA kA antima nAga rAjA huA aura usake pazcAta vidizA para zuMgoM kA Adhipatya ho gayA thaa| vidizA para Adhipatya jamAne vAloM meM kramazaH zaka, mAlava, sAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 : padmAvatI vAhana, kuSANa aura kSaharAta Ate haiM / isI bIca jaba nAgoM ko vidizA kA parityAga karanA par3A, to unhoMne padmAvatI para svatantra zAsaka ke rUpa meM athavA mAMDalikoM ke rUpa meM adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| padmAvatI unake zAsana kA pradhAna kendra bana gaI thii| yaha prAcIna samaya kA apane DhaMga kA eka kendrIya sattA pradhAna rAjya thA / samasta vindhya aMcala meM ve gaNoM ke rUpa meM zaktizAlI bane rahe tathA padmAvatI una gaNoM kA eka kendra bana gii| vidizA se cale jAne ke pazcAta nAga rAjAoM ne apane vaMza ke dyotana ke lie kevala 'nAga' zabda ko paryApta na samajhA hogaa| phira nAga to zuMgoM se parAjita ho cuke the, jisase unakI pratiSThA ko Thesa lagI thI, ataeva padmAvatI meM Akara ye nAga 'navanAga' bana gye| taba inhoMne paryApta zakti ajita kara lI thI aura kendrIya sattA samarthita gaNarAjyoM kA saMcAlana karane lage the| padmAvatI ko ina gaNoM kA pramukha kendra banane kA gaurava mila gayA thA / padmAvatI meM TakasAla thI aura unake sikke lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM milate haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha sahaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye zAsaka bar3e yogya aura dhanadhAnya se sampanna the| inakI sampannatA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki padmAvatI mukhya mArga para sthita hone ke kAraNa vyApAra kA bhI bar3A bhArI kendra thA / purANoM meM unake viSaya meM bahuta adhika sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai / gaNapati nAga ke viSaya meM samudragupta ke ilAhAbAda vAle stambha se pracura sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai| unake viSaya meM sAmagrI prApta karane kA eka anya srota vAkATakoM kA zilAlekha bhI hai, jisake AdhAra para yaha nizcita kiyA jAtA hai ki bhavanAga kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha pravarasena ke rAjakumAra gautamI putra ke sAtha huA thaa| padmAvatI para jina nAgoM ne rAjya kiyA unameM se kaI rAjAoM kI mUrtiyA~ vidizA evaM padmAvatI meM prApta hotI haiN| anya sikkoM ke atirikta DaoN0 harihara trivedI ne eka aise sikke kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jisa para dubArA nAma tathA lAMchana ThokA gayA hai / isa sikke para unhoMne 'mahata' yA 'mapata' par3hA hai| isake viSaya meM kucha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 'mahata' yA 'mapata' nAma bhASA kI dRSTi se bhAratIya to lagatA nhiiN| kyoMki kisI artha se isakA sambandha nahIM jur3atA hai / sambhAvanA isa bAta kI raha jAtI hai ki yaha kuSANa sikkA ho| isa sikke kA AkAra evaM taula vibhunAga ke sikkoM se milatA-julatA hai / vibhunAga ke apekSAkRta kama sikke prApta hue haiM, isase aisA lagatA hai ki kuSANoM ne vibhunAga ko jIta kara padmAvatI para bhI apanA Adhipatya jamA liyA ho aura vibhunAga ke sikkoM para bhI svayaM kA lAMchana Thoka diyA ho| zrI harihara nivAsa dvivedI ne isa ghaTanA kA kAryakAla IsavI san 80 aura 60 I0 ke bIca nirdhArita kiyA hai / vibhunAga ke rAjyakAla kI samApti 80 aura 60 I0 san ke Asa-pAsa hI ho gaI hogii| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne pravarasena vAkATaka kA rAjyakAla I0 san 284 se 344 taka mAnA hai / DaoN0 altekara ne ise 275 se 335 taka mAnA hai| bhavanAga kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha I0 san 280 ke lagabhaga huA hogA / padmAvatI ke eka anya rAjA ke viSaya meM bhI samaya kA anumAna lagAyA gayA hai| isakA ullekha samudragupta ke zilAlekha meM milatA hai| bhavanAga ko bhAraziva rAjAoM meM antima samajhA jAtA hai| ina rAjAoM ke viSaya For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ko saMsthApanA / 19 meM pracura sAmagrI nahIM milatI, jisake AdhAra para unake viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA sake / prastuta sAkSya aura nAgakAlIna sikkoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAta DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne navanAga aura vIrasena ke madhya cAra rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / pahalA haya. nAga jisane tIsa varSa yA isase kucha adhika samaya taka rAjya kiyA, dUsarA carajanAga jisakA zAsana-kAla bhI tIsa varSa athavA isase kucha adhika rahA, tIsarA barhinanAga jisakA zAsanakAla tIsa varSa taka rahA aura cauthA trayanAga jisake zAsana kAla kI avadhi abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai / hayanAga ke sikkoM kI lipi ko sabase adhika prAcIna batAyA gayA hai| usake sikkoM kI lipi vIrasena ke sikkoM kI lipi se mela khAtI hai| isa AdhAra para hayanAga ke zAsana kA samaya 210 I0 ke Asa-pAsa ThaharatA hai| ina rAjAoM ke sikkoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ina para samaya bhI diyA huA hai aura tAr3a kA vRkSa bhI aMkita hai / vIrasena ke zilAlekha meM jo vRkSa kA cihna hai vaha bhI isase milatA-julatA hai / bhavanAga ko to pravarasena kA samakAlIna hI batAyA gayA hai| navanAgoM ke samaya kA nirdhAraNa bhavanAga ke samaya ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai / bhavanAga kA samaya 300 I0 nirdhArita hotA hai / yadi gaNapati nAga ke samaya ke anusAra caleM to gaNapati nAga, bhavanAga aura vibhunAga kA samaya kramazaH isa prakAra darzAyA jA sakatA hai : 1--gaNapatinAga-I0 san 344-45 taka vidyamAna rahA hogaa| 2-bhavanAga-I0 san 260 ke lagabhaga rahA hogaa| 3-vibhunAga-I0 san 80-60 / nAgoM ke sikkoM para vRSa, vyAghra aura bhIma ke cihna kama milate haiM, tathA jo milate bhI haiM ve atyanta ghise hue haiM / isase yaha sahaja anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ve zAsaka jinake sikkoM para ye cihna haiM ve pUrvakAlIna hone cAhiye / vibhu, deva tathA prabhAkara ke sikkoM ko taula tathA AkAra meM eka jaisA batAyA gayA hai / kucha aise sikke mile jina para 'ka' nAga tathA 'kha' nAga par3hA gayA hai / ina sabhI ko basunAga ke sikke honA nizcita kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 harihara trivedI ne eka sikke ko zrIprabha nAmaka kisI rAjA kA mAnA hai| lagatA hai vaha sikkA prabhAkara athavA punAga kA honA caahiye| sikkoM ke AdhAra para basU aura skaMda nAga ke samaya ko bhI pAsa-pAsa kA honA cAhiye , kyoMki donoM ke sikkoM para eka samAna lakSaNa milate haiM / donoM sikkoM meM do rekhAe~ banI huI haiM / ye rekhAe~ kisI zastra kA hI pratIka ho sakatI haiM / zastra sambhavataH vadha hogaa| 3.6 bhAraziva jaisA ki nAma se hI pragaTa hotA hai bhAraziva rAjA ziva ke bhakta the / ve ziva ko dhAraNa karate the / ziva unake iSTadeva to the hI, rAjadeva bhI the| unakA rAjya hindU sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA rAjya thA / inhoMne hiMdU sAmrAjya kI racanA aura usake gaThana meM pUrA-pUrA sahayoga diyA / bhArazivoM ke avazeSoM se bhI yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki ina rAjAoM ko For Private and Personal Use Only

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20 : padmAvatI dharma meM aTUTa zraddhA thI aura ve eka se adhika devatAoM kI upAsanA karate the / unake abhilekhoM meM 'zivaliMgodvahana' zabda prApta hotA hai| ziva ke upAsaka hone kA isase adhika Thosa pramANa aura kyA ho sakatA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir apane vicAra pragaTa purANoM ne bhI bhAraziva vaMza kI rAjya sthApanA ke sambandha meM kiye haiM / kuSANoM ke zAsana ko samApta karane ke bAda eka bhAraziva rAjA gaMgA ke pavitra jala se abhiSikta hokara hiMdU samrATa ke pada para pratiSThita huA hogA / isa sambandha meM DaoN0 jAyasavAla kA kathana hai ki bhAraziva rAjA sau varSa ke kuSANa zAsana ke uparAnta hI abhiSikta huA hogA / abhiSikta hone ke sambandha meM purANoM kA ullekha mahatvapUrNa pratIta hotA hai / yaha kathana hai, 'naiva mUrdhAbhiSiktAste' / isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki purANa mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjA kA ullekha avazya kareMge / isakA artha yaha hogA ki jo rAjA mUrdhAbhiSikta nahIM hogA, vaha rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjAoM kI sUcI meM ullikhita nahIM hogA / aise kaI rAjA huye jinhoMne AryoM kI pavitra bhUmi meM dasa-dasa azvamedha yajJa kiye / jisa rAjA ne ye azvamedha nahIM kiye usakA nAma sUcI meM nahIM dikhAyA gayA / purANoM ne to aise zuMga rAjAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jinhoMne azvamedha yajJa kiye the / zuMgoM ne do azvamedha yajJa kiye aura sAtavAhanoM ne bhI do azvamedha yajJa kiye the / isase isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki bhAraziva vaMza kI jar3eM dharma dvArA siMcita thIM, unakA rAjya eka aisA rAjya thA jisakI AdhArazilA dharma thI / 3.7 bhAraziva vaMza kI sthApanA evaM zAkhAe~ sikkoM ke AdhAra para bhAraziva vaMza ke saMsthApaka aura padmAvatI tathA mathurA zAkhAoM kA ullekha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai| ---- navanAga : isakA samaya lagabhaga 140 I0 se 170 taka nirdhArita hotA hai / isake sikke mile hai | navanAga ne 27 varSa yA isase kucha adhika samaya taka zAsana kiyaa| isake sikke para 27 vA~ varSa likhA huA hai / ise bhAraziva kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai / kAlAMtara meM navanAga vaMza nAma ke rUpa meM apanA liyA gayA / vIrasena : lagabhaga 170 I0 se 210 I0 taka kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai / vIrasena ke para bhI vIrasena kA nAma milatA hai / taka zAsana kiyA / ise bhAraziva kI samajhA jAtA hai / bhArazivoM kI kAMtipurI vAlI zAkhA meM vizeSakara cAra nAma ullekhanIya haiN| : hayanAga -- sikkoM para hayanAga kA nAma AtA hai / hayanAga kA samaya san 210 se 245 taka kA nizcita kiyA gayA hai / isake zAsana kA samaya 30 varSa se adhika mAnA gayA hai / sikke to milate hI haiM, isake sAtha hI zilAlekhoM batAyA jAtA hai ki isane 34 varSa se adhika samaya mathurA aura padmAvatI kI zAkhAoM kA saMsthApaka trayanAga : trayanAga kA samaya 245 se 250 I0 taka kA nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / nAga ke bhI sikke milate haiM / isakA zAsana alpakAlika rhaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 21 bahinanAga : sikkoM para bahinanAga kA nAma bhI milA hai isakA zAsana kAla lagabhaga 250 I0 se 260 I0 taka arthAt 10 varSa athavA isase kama hogA / caranAga : carajanAga ne apekSAkRta adhika samaya taka zAsana kiyA batAyA jAtA hai / I0 san lagabhaga 260 se 290 taka kA zAsana carajanAga kA rahA / carajanAga ke sikke prApta haiM / isakA zAsanakAla 30 varSa ke lagabhaga rahA / krama 3.8 padmAvatI zAkhA padmAvatI meM jo nAga zAsaka hue, jinakI jAnakArI sikkoM ke dvArA bhI samarthita hotI hai, unakI sUcI sikkoM para aMkita lAMchana aura viruda sahita isa prakAra hai : lAMchana viruda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. nAma vRSanAga vyAghra vibhu vasu kha nAga ba nAga vIrasena skanda bhImanAga www.kobatirth.org bRhaspati sammukhanaMdI cakra vAmanaMdI aMkuza parazu ATha AredAra cakra mayUra dakSiNanaMdI vA0 naMdI trizUla parazu mayUra da0 naMdI vA0 naMdI azva mayUra naMdI da0 naMdI vA0 naMdI trizUla parazu mayUra cakra mahArAja zrI vRSanAga mahArAja zrI vyAghra -; mahArAja zrI vibhunAgasya zrI basunAgasya vasu nAgendra mahArAja basunAga mahArAja zrI vIrasenasya mahArAja mahArAja zrI mahArAja bRhaspati nAga

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22 : padmAvatI - krama nAma lAMchana viruda cakra zrI devanAgasya deva ) devendra prabhAkara (puMnAga) da0 naMdI, vA0 naMdI, da0 siMha, vA0 siMha, parazu, naMdI adhirAja yA mahArAja ravinAga bhavanAga trizUla, vA0 naMdI, da0 naMdI, vRtta parikramA meM arddhacandra vRtta sahita candra vA0 naMdI vA0 siMha parikramA ke bhItara vRkSa mahArAja adhirAja zrI 131. gaNapati gaNendra yA gaNendra mahArAja zrI 1. padmAvatI ke nAgoM ko navanAga kahA gayA hai| Upara nAgoM kI saMkhyA 13 ginAI gaI hai| nava kA eka anya artha nau bhI hai| kintu purANoM meM nAgoM athavA gupta rAjAoM kI koI saMkhyA nahIM dI hai| ataeva purANoM ke 'navanAgAH padmAvatyAma kAMtipuryAm mathurAyAma / anugaMgA prayAga mAgadhA guptAzca bhokSyaMti' meM guptoM ke sAtha mAgadhI vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM AyA hai| isI prakAra nAgoM ke sAtha nava kA prayoga vizeSaNa svarUpa hai / nava ke artha kI do saMbhAvanAyeM raha jAtI haiM : (1) pahalI saMbhAvanA to yaha hai ki vidizA ke nAgoM se bheda karane ke liye 'naye athavA paravartI' nAgoM ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga huaa| zuMgoM ke pazcAt ye vidizA ke nAga navanAga bana gaye the| (2) eka dUsarI sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki yaha nava kisI vaMza vizeSa kA dyotaka ho jisameM navanAga nAmaka zAsaka bhI raha cukA thaa| nAgoM kA kisI vaMza kA nAma nava ho to nava vaMzIya nAga ho gaye, athavA yadi nava kisI rAjA kA nAma hogA to nava rAjA ke vaMza ke nAgoM ko bhI navanAga kahA jA sakatA hai| purANoM meM isakA kucha bhI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM milatA hai| prathama saMbhAvanA hI adhika svAbhAvika pratIta hotI hai jisake pIche itihAsa bhI hai| nava kA artha 'navIna' 'paravartI' karanA hI adhika yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 23 jaisA ki Upara saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai DaoN0 jAyasavAla ke matAnusAra purANoM meM bhArazivoM ko navanAga kahA gayA hai / bhUtanandI ke samaya se nAga vaMza ke rAjAoM ke nAma ke Age nandI zabda jur3ane laga gayA thaa| nandI ziva ke vAhana vRSa kA pratIkAtmaka zabda hai| bhAgavata meM bhI navanAgoM kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu usameM bhUtanandI se lekara pravIraka taka ke zAsaka hI vaNita haiM / yadi bhAgavata ke ullekha ko sahI mAnA jAya to navanAgoM kA aMtarbhAva pravIraka ke zAsana meM hI ho jAtA hai| kintu viSNu purANa meM 'navanAgAH padmavatyAM kAMtipuryAM mathurAyAM' kA ullekha milatA hai / isase do niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiM / pahalA yaha ki eka hI samaya meM navanAgoM kI tIna zAkhAoM ne tIna sthAnoM para zAsana kiyA yathA padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura mathurA / eka dUsarI sambhAvanA yaha ki navanAgoM ne pahale padmAvatI para apanA zAsana kiyA / usake pazcAt unakA zAsana kAntipurI para huA aura anta meM mathurA ko apane zAsana kA kendra banAyA / padmAvatI meM lagatA hai bhUtanandI ke vaMzaja rAjA zivanandI ke samaya taka aura usake bAda prAyaH 50 varSa taka nAgoM kI rAjadhAnI rahI hogii| usake pazcAt padmAvatI para kuSANa kSatrapoM kA Adhipatya ho gayA, jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| pabAyA meM prApta svarNabindu nAmaka zivaliMga kI khoja atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / phlITa ne guptavaMzIya zilAlekhoM meM eka tAmralekha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM bhAraziva rAjAoM kA itihAsa atyanta saMkSipta rUpa meM varNita hai / tAmralekha kA pATha isa prakAra hai : __"aMzabhAra sannivezita zivaliMgodvahana zivasuparituSTa samutpAdita rAjavaMzAnAm parAkrama adhigata-bhAgIrathI-amalajala mUrddhAbhiSiktAnAm dazAzvamedha-avabhRthasnAnAm bhArazivAnAm / " uparyukta abhilekha kA tAtparya yaha hai ki "una bhArazivoM (ke vaMza) kA, jinake rAjavaMza kA prArambha isa prakAra huA thA ki unhoMne zivaliMga ko apane kaMdhe para vahana karake ziva ko parituSTa kiyA thA-ve bhAraziva jinakA rAjyAbhiSeka usa bhAgIrathI ke pavitra jala se huA thA, jise unhoMne apane parAkrama se prApta kiyA thA-ve bhAraziva jinhoMne dasa azvamedha yajJa karake avabhRtha snAna kiyA thaa|" pavAyA meM prApta zivaliMga isa bAta kI puSTi kara detA hai ki padmAvatI ke zAsaka na kevala ziva ke upAsaka the, apitu, kisI rAjA ne prArambha meM zivaliMga kI sthApanA karate hue hI padmAvatI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / mAnavAkAra nandI jo pavAyA meM milA hai, isI tathya ko pragaTa karatA hai ki ziva ke upAsaka ziva ke vAhana nandI ko bhI apanI iSTapUjA kA eka aMga samajhate haiN| purANoM meM eka bhAraziva rAjA ke nAma kA ullekha isa prakAra huA hai / 'bhArazivomekemahArAja zrI bhavannAga' / isakA artha hai bhAraziva vaMza ke rAjAoM meM eka arthAt mahArAja zrI bhavanAga / isase na kevala bhAraziva vaMza kI apitu bhArazivoM ke nAga hone kI bhI puSTi hotI hai / bhAraziva nAma to ziva ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa par3a gayA thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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24 : padmAvatI 3.6 virudAvalI padmAvatI ke bhArazivoM kI sUcI meM aMkita rAjAoM kI mudrA para jo viruda likhe gaye haiM, usase bhI ina zAsakoM ke sambandha meM kucha anumAna kiye jA sakate haiM / ukta sabhI rAjAoM meM se kevala eka rAjA hI aisA hai jisake nAma ke sAtha 'adhirAjazrI' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / adhirAjazrI kA paryAya hotA hai samrAT / eka anya viruda 'mahArAjazrI' nimna rAjAoM ke nAmoM ke sAmane aMkita hai - vRSanAga, vyAghra, vibhu, vIrasena, bhImanAga, deva, prabhAkara evaM gaNapati nAga / zeSa kucha rAjAoM ke nAma ke sammukha kevala 'mahArAja' zabda hI milatA hai / skanda ke nAma ke sAtha 'mahArAja' evaM 'dharAja' zabda par3hA gayA hai / ravinAga kA viruda 'adhirAja' aMkita kiyA gayA hai| zrI harihara nivAsa dvivedI ne apanA vizvAsa pragaTa kiyA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ki navanAgoM kI mudrAoM para aMkita nAma unake vyaktivAcaka nAma nahIM haiM / ye unake abhiSeka ke nAma haiM, jo unhoMne apane ArAdhya aura vyaktigata pada ke AdhAra para dhAraNa kiye the / 3.10 padmAvatI ke zAsaka vRSanAga vyAdhanAga madhya bhArata ke itihAsa ke lekhakadvaya ne to purANoM aura sikkoM ke AdhAra para vRSanAga ko hI padmAvatI kA saMsthApaka batAyA hai| purANoM meM vidizA ke nAgoM ko vRSa kahA gayA hai / kintu vRSanAga ke sikke padmAvatI meM bhI mile haiM aura eka mAnavAkAra nandI bhI milA hai / sambhAvanA yahI pratIta hotI hai ki vRSa hI vidizA se padmAvatI AyA hogA / vRSa kI mudrAoM para nandI kA cihna milatA hai / isa nandI meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha sammukha nandI hai / anya sikkoM para aMkita nandI yA to dakSiNa mukha hai athavA vAmamukha / vRSa nAga ke padmAvatI meM Agamana kA samaya IsavI san kI pahalI zatAbdI batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra padmAvatI kA itihAsa I0 kI dUsarI zatAbdI se prArambha na hokara IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI se hI prArambha hotA hai / vRSa nAga ke uparAnta vyAghra rAjA ke zAsanArohaNa kI sambhAvanA adhika pratIta hotI hai / kaniMghama ne ise vyAghra hI par3hA thA kintu pleTa saMkhyA 2 citra saMkhyA 22 meM vyAghralikhA milatA hai / vyAghra nAga thA, yaha to nizcita hI hai / usane apane sikkoM para ATha Are vAle cakra kA cihna aMkita kiyA thA / isakA viruda ' mahArAja zrI vyAghra' aMkita hai / vibhunAga vyAghra ke pazcAt vibhunAga kA zAsana kAla AtA hai| isake sikke para bhI ATha Are vAlA cakra milatA hai jo vyAghranAga kA hI hai / isake atirikta aMkuza aura parazu ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ko saMsthApanA ! 25 bhI citra milate haiM / DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne jisa vyAghranAga kA ullekha kiyA hai usakA samaya lagabhaga 270 se 260 I0 taka kA diyA hai, parantu sikkoM ke AdhAra para vyAghranAga pUrvakAlIna honA caahie| vibhu kA nandI vAmAbhimukha hai, jabaki vRSanAga ne sammukha nandI vAle cihna kA upayoga kiyA thaa| DaoN0 harihara trivedI ne jisa sikke para dubArA Thoke gaye lAMchana ko 'mahata' yA 'mapata' par3hA hai vaha sikkA vibhu ke samaya ke bAda kA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vibhu ke pazcAt arthAt I0 san 80 yA 60 meM padmAvatI para kuSANa zAsana rahA thaa| vanasphara yA vanaspara ke zAsana kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / isa samaya lagatA hai vidizA bhI kuSANa zAsana ke antargata A gayA thaa| vASiSka kuSANa ke sA~cI ke abhilekha se isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki kuSANoM ke zAsana-kAla meM padmAvatI ke nAga-vaMzI rAjA kahA~ rahe hoNge| sambhAvanA yaha pratIta hotI hai, ki padmAvatI meM parAjita ho kara nAga rAjAoM ne kAntipurI ko apanA kArya-kendra banAyA hogA / padmAvatI se kAntipurI kI dUrI kucha adhika nahIM hai / dUsare yaha sthAna mukhya mArga se kucha haTa kara thA / dUsarI suvidhA yaha bhI rahI hogI ki ina nAgoM ko yahA~ raha kara apanI pramukha rAjadhAnI padmAvatI meM ruci banI rahI hogI aura mathurA tathA padmAvatI kI gatividhiyoM para dRSTi banAye rakhane meM saralatA rahI hogii| kAntipurI kise mAnA jAye, isa sambandha meM vivAda banA rahA hai| kintu aba yaha prAyaH nizcita pratIta hotA hai ki murainA jile kA kutavAra hI kAntipurI rahA hogaa| yahA~ yadyapi utkhanana kA kArya nahIM huA hai, kintu eka hI nidhi se 18000 se bhI adhika nAga mudrAoM kI prApti vizeSa mahatva kI bAta hai| sikkoM kI yaha nidhi isa bAta kA nirNaya kara sakatI hai, ki kAntipurI ( vartamAna kutavAra) meM koI sampanna rAjya kAyama rahA hogaa| vasunAga ___ anumAnataH kuSANa rAjA huviSka se nAgavaMzIya rAjA vasu ne padmAvatI ko punaH prApta kara liyA / yaha ghaTanA I0 san lagabhaga 150 kI hogii| vasu ke sikkoM para 'vasunAgasya' kA viruda prApta hotA hai| kisI-kisI sikke para 'kha nAga' aura 'va nAga' bhI milA hai| jisake viSaya meM yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai, ki yaha sikkA vasunAga kA hI honA caahie| isake sikke kA cihna mayUra hai| vasunAga ke viruda ke rUpa meM 'vasu nAgendra' evaM 'mahArAja vasunAga' likhA milA hai / vIrasena vasu ke zAsana ke pazcAta eka aise zAsaka kA ullekha milatA hai, jo aura bhI adhika zaktizAlI siddha huaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vIrasena ne padmAvatI ke sAtha-sAtha mathurA ko bhI vAsudeva kuSANa se prApta kara liyA thaa| vIrasena ke sikke adhikAMzataH For Private and Personal Use Only

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26 : padmAvatI mathurA meM mile haiM, kintu padmAvatI meM bhI isake sikke mile haiM / isase yaha anumAna sahI pratIta hotA hai ki mathurA aura padmAvatI donoM hI para isakA zAsana rahA hogA / vIrasena ke sikkoM para vAmanandI ke citra milate haiM / trizUla aura parazu ko bhI isane apane cihna ke rUpa meM apanAyA thaa| viruda ke rUpa meM hameM 'mahArAja vIrasenasya' likhA milatA hai| isake sikke para 64vA~ varSa likhA milatA hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne isakA samaya I0 san 170 se 210 taka kA mAnA hai / vIrasena ke sikkoM kI lipi kI tulanA DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne hayanAga ke sikke para prApta lipi se kI hai / donoM lipiyoM ko prAcIna batAte hue unhoMne ina sikkoM ko lagabhaga samakAlIna batAyA hai| vIrasena kA to zilAlekha bhI milatA hai, jisakA vRkSa sikkoM ke vRkSa se mela khAtA hai| DaoN0 altekara ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki vIrasena ke sikke cUMki adhikAMzataH mathurA meM milate haiM, isalie usane mathurA meM naye nAgavaMza kI sthApanA kI / kintu usake sikke padmAvatI aura kAntipurI meM bhI milate haiN| ataeva usake sAmrAjya kA vistAra ina donoM rAjadhAniyoM taka rahA hogaa| vIrasena kA zilAlekha pharukhAbAda ke jAnakhaTa nAmaka grAma meM milA batAyA jAtA hai', usa para 'svAmin vIrasena saMvatsare 10,3 (13)' likhA hai| jAnakhaTa ke avazeSoM meM tAr3a aura gaMgA ke citra bhI yaha siddha karate haiM ki yaha vIrasena nAgavaMzIya hI honA caahie| skandanAga vIrasena ke uparAnta padmAvatI para skandanAga kA zAsana rhaa| DaoN0 harihara trivedI ke 'dI jarnala oNpha dI nyumismaiTika sosAyaTI oNpha iNDiyA' ke mArca 1653 ke aMka meM prakAzita lekha ke anusAra usake sikkoM para mayUra, nandI aura azva kA cihna milatA hai| azva cihnayukta sikke ke pIche ...."dharAja' zabda par3hA gayA hai / dharAja mahArAjAdhirAja ke hI artha kI nikaTatA batAne vAlA honA cAhie / azva kA cihna azvamedhayajJa kI ora saMketa karatA hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne skandanAga kA samaya I0 san 230 se 250 taka kA mAnA hai| bhImanAga kAla-krama meM bhImanAga ko DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne skanda kA pUrvakAlIna mAnA hai| usakA samaya I0 san 210 se 230 taka mAnA hai| usake sikkoM para mayUra aura nandI ke cihna milate haiN| bhIma kA viruda mahArAja zrI Upara batAyA jA cukA hai| vRhaspati nAga vRhaspati nAga hI aisA antima nAga rAjA thA, jisane mayUra cihna kA apane sikkoM para upayoga kiyA thaa| usake pazcAt anya kisI rAjA kI mudrA para mayUra nahIM miltaa| 1. aMdhakArayugIna bhArata, pRSTha 41 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 27 mayUra ke atirikta usake sikkoM para nandI, trizUla, parazu tathA cakra bhI milatA hai / nandI, trizUla, parazu tathA cakra aise sAmAnya cihna haiM, jinameM se kisI bhI eka cihna se nAgavaMzIya hone kA saMketa mila jAtA hai / kintu mayUra kA cihna sAmAnya pratIta nahIM hotA / yaha nAgavaMza ke kucha hI rAjAoM kI mudrA para milatA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir devendra nAga eka sikkA jisa para vinseTa smitha ne devasa par3hA thA, tathA jo deva yA devendra nAga kA sikkA batAyA jAtA hai, bar3A samasyAtmaka bana gayA | DaoN0 kAzIprasAda ne devasa ke sthAna para navasa pddh'aa| isa sikke kA vistAra kSetra bar3A vyApaka hai / yaha sikkA uttarapradeza meM kAnapura taka milA hai / isake sAtha hI padmAvatI meM bhI deva ke sikke mile haiM / zrI harihara nivAsa dvivedI ne deva kA rAjyakAla lagabhaga 27 varSa kA mAnA hai / unakI dhAraNA hai ki devanAga kA rAjyakAla 240 I0 ke lagabhaga samApta ho gayA hogA / kintu DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne usakA rAjyakAla kevala 20 varSa kA batAyA hai, arthAta san 260 se 310 I0 taka / devanAga ke sikke para cakra kA cihna milatA hai aura zrI devanAgasya yA mahArAja zrI devendra kA viruda prApta hotA hai / prabhAkara nAga prabhAkara athavA jise puMnAga bhI kahA gayA hai, padmAvatI kA dasavA~ zAsaka thA / isakI mudrA para donoM prakAra ke nandiyoM ke cihna milate haiM, arthAta dakSiNa nandI evaM vAma nandI | dakSiNa siMha aura vAma siMha bhI isakI mudrA para prApta hotA hai| siMha kA yaha cihna bhI zivajI se sambandhita hai / yaha ziva kI zakti pArvatI kA pratIka hai / lagatA hai, prabhAkara vindhyavAsinI kA upAsaka thaa| usake senApati kA nAma vindhyazakti diyA gayA hai / vindhyazakti kA bar3A ghaniSTa sambandha padmAvatI se rahA thA / isakA ullekha bhavanAga ke prasaMga meM kiyA jAyegA / prabhAkara ke viruda ke rUpa meM mahArAja zrIprabha milatA hai / ravinAga bhavanAga ravinAga ke sikkoM para adhirAja yA mahArAja par3hA gayA hai| usakI mudrAoM para nandI kI mUrti aMkita milatI hai / 'di jarnala oNpha dI nyUmismaiTika sosAyaTI oNpha iMDiyA' ke mArca 1653 ke aMka meM DaoN0 harihara trivedI ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai / navanAgoM meM bhavanAga kA nAma vizeSa mahatva kA hai / yaha uparokta sUcI kA bArahavA~ rAjA hai / bhavanAga kA ullekha zilAlekhoM meM bhI milatA hai / usake sikke bhI milate haiM / donoM prakAra kI AkRtiyoM ke nandI, trizUla, vRtta, parikramA meM arddhacandra tathA vRtta sahita candra isakI mudrAoM ke cihna haiM / bhavanAga kA viruda mahArAja adhirAja zrI milatA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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28 : padmAvatI tadanusAra bhavanAga eka samrATa the| unase sambandhita jitane sthAnIya kSetroM ke rAjA the, ve apane adhirAja bhavanAga kI sArvabhaumika sattA ko svIkAra karate the| kintu isa sattA kA kSetra kevala bAhya svarUpa taka hI sImita thaa| apane Antarika mAmaloM meM ye rAjA svataMtra the / isa prakAra yaha eka saMghIya zAsana kA svarUpa grahaNa kara letA hai / vAkATakoM ke zilAlekhoM se nAgavaMzI rAjAoM ke viSaya meM bahuta-sI jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai| DaoN. dinezacandra sarakAra ne 'silekTa inskripzaMsa' (pRSTha 418) meM cammaka meM prApta pravarasena (dvitIya) ke tAmrapatra ke sambandha meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai, ki nAga sAmrAjya ke unmUlana ke pazcAt bhI gupta ina nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM ko bhulA nahIM pAye aura unakA ullekha kisI-nakisI rUpa meM karanA par3A / gautamI putra vAkATaka bhI mahArAja zrI bhavanAga kA dauhitra thA / bhavanAga ne apanI lar3akI kI zAdI vindhyazakti ke pratApI putra pravarasena ke putra ke sAtha kara dI thii| isa lekha me isa bAta kI ora bhI saMketa mila jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa bhAraziva rAjA bhAraziva khlaaye| unhoMne zivaliMga ko sadaiva sAtha rkhaa| ye ziva ke parama bhakta the| bhavanAga kI aura carcA karane se pUrva vindhyazakti ke viSaya meM saMkSipta vicAra Avazyaka hai| 3.11 vindhyazakti vindhyazakti kA samaya DaoN. jAyasavAla ke anusAra 248 se 284 I0 taka (arthAta 36 varSa kA zAsanakAla) evaM DaoN0 altekara ke anusAra 255 I0 se 275 I0 taka (arthAta 30 varSa kA zAsanakAla) ThaharAyA gayA hai / samaya kA yaha antara vizeSa mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki vindhyazakti ke sandarbha se yaha anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai, ki nAgavaMzI rAjAoM kA zAsana dakSiNa taka phaila cukA thA aura anya rAjA bhI unake parAkrama kA lohA mAnane lage the| vindhyazakti eka sAdhAraNa vyakti mAtra thA, kintu apane parAkrama se usane paryApta zakti ajita kI thii| usakI zakti ko pahacAna kara hI use senApati banAyA gayA hogA / vaise vindhyazakti kisI vyakti kA nAma na ho kara kisI pada kA sUcaka pratIta hotA hai / yaha pada sambhavataH senApati kA hI hogaa| DaoN0 altekara ne purANoM ke kathana kA sandarbha dete hue vindhyazakti ko vidizA aura purikA kA zAsaka kahA hai / vRhatsaMhitA meM to purikA ko dazArNa kA nikaTavartI batalAyA hai / usake eka ora vidarbha aura dUsarI ora mUlaka batalAyA gayA hai / altekara ne vAkATakoM kA mala sthAna pazcimI madhya deza yA barAra batalAyA hai| kintu DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne ise ciragA~va se chaH mIla dUra jhA~sI jile meM pahacAnA hai| yaha or3achA rAjya ke uttarI bhAga meM par3atA hai| vAkATakoM ke sambandha meM DaoN0 jAyasavAla kA kathana ullekhanIya hai : "usake pAsa hI vijaura nAma kA eka aura gA~va hai aura prAya: vAgATa ke sAtha usakA bhI nAma liyA jAtA hai / loga vijaura vAgATa kahA karate haiM / yaha or3achA kI taharaulI tahasIla meM hai| yaha kayanA aura dugaraI nAma kI do choTI-choTI nadiyoM ke bIca meM hai, jo For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 26 Age jAkara betavA meM milatI haiM / yaha brAhmaNoM kA bar3A aura bahuta purAnA gA~va hai aura isameM adhikatara bhAgaura brAhmaNa rahate haiM / " vindhyazakti ko yadi senApati na bhI mAneM, to bhI bhavanAga kA karada rAjA mAnanA pdd'egaa| vidizA aura purikA kA zAsaka hote hue bhI bhavanAga kA karada rAjA hone para bhI usakI sthiti para koI pratikUla prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai / 3.12 bhavanAga aura maharaulI kA stambhalekha bhavanAga kI mudrA ke cihnoM ko maharaulI ke stambhazIrSa ke sandarbha meM dekhane se usake zaurya aura parAkrama para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / yadyapi bhavanAga aura samudragupta ke samaya meM paryApta antara hai, kintu samaya ke isa antara ne nAgavaMzIya kIrti ko vinaSTa nahIM kiyA, maharaulI ke stambha se isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / stambhalekha isa prakAra hai : "vaha jisane apanI bhujA kI kIrti ko apane khaDga dvArA abhilikhita kiyA, taba jaba ki baMgadeza ke yuddha meM usane apanI chAtI se una zatruoM ko rauMda DAlA, jo zatru samaveta ho kara usakA mukAbalA karane Aye the, vaha, jisake dvArA sindhu ke saptamukhoM ko pAra karake vAhakoM ko vijita kiyA gayA / " "vaha, jisake zaurya ke pavana se dakSiNa kA jalanidhi aba bhI suvAsita hai, vaha, jisakI usa zakti ke apAra utsAha kI kIrti, jisane apane zatruoM ko pUrNataH naSTa kara diyA thA, mahAvana meM prajvalita agni ke zamana hone ke pazcAt usake avaziSTa tApa ke samAna, abhI bhI kSiti para zeSa hai, yadyapi vaha narapati mAno thaka kara isa saMsAra ko chor3a kara mAno svarga meM calA gayA hai, jo usane apane karmoM dvArA jItA hai, tathApi vaha isa pRthvI para apanI kIrti ke rUpa meM sthita hai, usa samagra candra jaise zrI - sampanna mukha vAle, jisane apanI bhujAoM dvArA arjita ekamAtra adhirAja ke pada ko prApta kiyA aura bahuta samaya taka bhogA / usa candravirudadhArI bhUmipati bhava ne ( na ki bhAva ne) viSNu meM apanI mati sthita kara triSNupada nAmaka giri para viSNu kI yaha bhujA sthApita kI / " ( isa abhilekha kI pA~cavI paMkti meM viSNu ke pahale kA zabda spaSTa nahIM hai, priMsepa ne ise dhAvena par3hA | bhAUdAjI ise bhAvena par3hate haiM / phlITa use dhAvena hI mAnate haiM, parantu kahate haiM ki yahA~ utkIrNaka kI galatI se bhAvena ke sthAna para dhAvena ho gayA hai| DaoN0 dinezacandra sarakAra likhate haiM ki isakA pahalA akSara 'dha' ho sakatA hai, sambhava hai ki vaha 'va' ho / unake mata se vaha 'bha' nahIM ho sakatA / ve yaha bhI likhate haiM, ki pralobhana yaha hotA hai ki use 'devena' par3hA jAya ( 1 - kArapasa inaskripzaMsa iNDikA, khaMDa 3, pRSTha 242) / kintu eka pralobhana yaha bhI hotA hai, ki ise bhavena par3hA jAye (bhava dvArA ) / isa lekha se bhavanAga athavA nAgavaMza ke kisI parAkramI rAjA ke viSaya meM tIna bAtoM kI jAnakArI ho jAtI hai : For Private and Personal Use Only

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30 : padmAvatI (1) baMga kI ora usa rAjA ke viruddha koI saMgha banA thA, aura usa saMgha kA unmUlana karane meM usa rAjA kA yaza sarvajJAta hai| (2) sindhu pAra karake usa rAjA ne vAhIkoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| (3) dakSiNa ke samudra-taTa taka usakI kIrti phailI huI thii| ina tInoM bAtoM ko bhavanAga ke sandarbha meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| bhavanAga ke saMgha zAsana ke viparIta hI licchavi aura gupta vaMza kA gaThabaMdhana huA hogA, jisakA prabhAva padmAvatI ke zAsana para par3A, aura vaha nAgoM ke yaza-saurabha kI rAjadhAnI guptoM ke adhikAra meM calI gyii| pUrva meM hI nahIM, uttara meM sindhu nadI ke pAra bhI nAgoM kA parAkrama chA gayA thA, aura vAhIkoM ko parAjita karane ke sambandha meM bhI itihAsakAroM ne likhA hai / ___ jahA~ taka dakSiNa ke samudra taka kIti phaila jAne kA prazna hai, use vindhyazakti aura usake dvArA saMsthApita vAkATaka sAmrAjya ke sandarbha meM rakha kara bhalI-bhA~ti samajhA jA sakatA hai| bhavanAga ko putrI kA vivAha-sambandha dakSiNa meM ho gayA thaa| pariNAmasvarUpa navanAgoM kA prabhutva dakSiNa taka phaila cukA thaa| sAtha hI navanAgoM kA dakSiNa taka kA sAmrAjya surakSita ho gayA thA / udhara sudUra kAMcI meM pallavoM ke sAtha nAga rAjakumArI kA vivAha-sambandha jur3a cukA thA / ye rAjA bhava ke karada mANDalika nahIM the, parantu saMghIya sUtroM meM usase sambaddha the| tabhI bhavanAga ne adhirAja kA viruda dhAraNa kiyaa| isa lekha se bhavanAga ke zAsana ke kucha anya pakSoM para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| sabase pradhAna pakSa hai-usakI viSNu pUjA kA / padmAvatI ke viSNu mandira kI prApti yaha nirNaya karane meM saralatA lA detI hai, ki ziva ke sAtha hI nAga rAjA viSNu meM bhI AsthA rakhate the / padmAvatI meM to eka viSNu mUrti bhI prApta huI hai / isa yuga meM zaiva aura vaiSNava eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM the, varan ina donoM matAvalambiyoM meM samanvaya kI bhAvanA dRr3ha ho gayI thii| bhavanAga kI mudrAoM para arddhacandra kI AkRti ziva kI upAsanA kI ora saMketa karatI hai / usake sikkoM para aMkita cakra ke viSaya meM yaha sambhAvanA ucita pratIta hotI hai, ki yaha viSNu kA sudarzana cakra hI hogaa| padmAvatI meM zAsana karane vAle antima nAga rAjA haiM-gaNapati / ise gaNendra athavA gaNapendra nAma bhI diyA gayA hai / vAma nandI, vAma siMha evaM parikramA ke bhItara vRkSa ke cihna isakI mudrAoM para aMkita mile haiM / isakA viruda 'mahArAja zrI' milatA hai / gaNapati nAga ke aneka sikke prApta hue haiM / bhavanAga to mahArAjAdhirAja thA, kintu gaNapati nAga kevala 'adhirAja' raha gyaa| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai, ki atyanta vizAla sAmrAjya kI vyavasthA na samhAla pAne ke kAraNa usane una rAjyoM ko svataMtra ghoSita kiyA ho, aura kevala zAntipUrNa sahaastitva kI nIti kA paripAlana kiyA ho / sambhava hai, una para naitika Adhipatya mAtra banA rahA ho| For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 31 3.13 gaNapati nAga antima nAga rAjA ke nAma se bhI isake sambandha meM kucha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / gaNapati, gajendra evaM gaNapendra sabhI gaNa bhAva kA bodha karAte haiN| isase eka gaNatantra kI bhAvanA ko prabala samarthana milatA hai / yaha gaNarAjya kI eka pravRtti kA sUcaka pratIta hotA hai| yaha eka gaNAdhyakSa kI bhAvanA thI, jo nAgoM ke vistRta prabhAva ko iMgita karane ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI ghaTakoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bAMdhe rakhanA cAhatI thii| gaNapati ke sambandha meM 'bhAvazataka' nAmaka pustaka kI sUcanA DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne apanI pustaka 'aMdhakArayugIna bhArata' meM dI hai| isase gaNapati nAga ke svabhAva para prakAza par3atA hai / pustaka meM gaNapati ko dhArAdhIza likhA gayA hai / gaNapati ko atyanta ugra svabhAva kA batAyA gayA hai / vaha eka yuddhapriya aura parizramI yoddhA thA, tathA anya nAga usase bhayabhIta hote the| yathA-nAgarAja samaM (zataM) granthaM nAgarAna tanvatA __ akAri gajavaktra zrI nAgarAjo girAM guruH / / tathA-pannagapatayaH sarve vIkSante gaNapati bhItAH / (80) / dhArAdhIzaH (62) yaha hastalikhita-kAvya svayaM gaNipati ke zAsanakAla meM hI likhA gayA batAyA jAtA hai, aura svayaM gaNapati ko samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| kintu isa grantha meM usa rAjA kA nAma gajavaktra zrI nAgarAjaH diyA gayA hai| usake vaMza ko TAka vaMza batAyA gayA hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne gaNapati nAga kA zAsanakAla san 310 se 344 taka mAnA hai / 3.14 nAga sAmrAjya kA patana ___ gaNapati nAga kA zAsana nAgavaMzoM ke lie parama utkarSa kA zAsana thaa| candragupta prathama ne apanI senA ko sudRr3ha banA liyA, aura samasta uttarI bhArata ko AtaMkita kara diyaa| gaNapati nAga, nAgasena aura acyuta nandI kauzAmbI ke yuddha meM parAsta ho gaye / isI prakAra nAgadatta, mattila, rudradeva, candravarmA aura balivarmA kA rAjya bhI samApta kara diyA gyaa| nAga-rAjya kI sImA meM praveza karake mAlava, Amera, kAka, kharparaka tathA AryAvarta ke anya gaNarAjya yaudheya, arjunApana, mAdraka tathA prArjuna ko apane adhIna kiyA, tathA dakSiNapatha ke paharedAra vAkATaka rudrasena ko bhI parAsta kara apane adhIna kara liyA / AryAvarta kI vijaya kA yaha kArya I0 san 350 taka sampanna ho cukA thaa| gaNapati nAga tathA anya rAjAoM ke antima dinoM ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM / sambhavataH yuddha meM mAre gaye hoMge / vIrasena jIvita bacA thA / samudragupta ne vIrasena ko apane adhIna banA liyA, aura vIrasena ko apanA karada rAjA niyukta kiyaa| kintu vIrasena aba bhI svatantra hone ke sapane dekha rahA hogA, jisakA AbhAsa samudragupta ko laga gayA / 1. kaiTelAga oNva mithilA mainuskripTsa, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 105 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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32 : padmAvatI pariNAmataH guptoM ne padmAvatI nagarI ko hI ujAr3a DAlA / bANabhaTTa ne isa ghaTanA kI ora apane grantha 'harSacarita' meM ullekha kiyA hai / 'harSacarita' ke SaSThocchavAsa meM ullekha hai ki padmAvatI kA nAgasena sArikA dvArA bheda khola diye jAne para naSTa huA / samudragupta ne apanI vijayoM ke pazcAta sAmrAjya ko saMgaThita karane meM bar3I kUTanIti se kAma liyA / usane apane putra candragupta dvitIya kA vivAha vIrasena kI putrI kuberanAga se kara liyA, kyoki vaha jAnatA thA ki yuddha meM harA dene mAtra se vidroha kI jvAlA zAnta hone vAlI nahIM thI / isalie usane vivAha kA eka rAjanaitika astra ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA / isa vivAha sambandha dvArA vaha nAgoM ko hI nahIM apitu nAga dauhitra vAkATakoM ko bhI zAnta banAye rakhanA cAhatA thA / kucha samaya taka yahI sthiti calatI rahI, aura jaba yaha dekhA gayA ki sthiti kAbU meM A cukI hai, to vIrasena ko samApta kara diyA gayA / samApta kara dene ke lie kisI-na-kisI bahAne kI AvazyakatA to thI hI / yaha bahAnA sArikA hI bana gayI / Age cala kara eka vivAha sambandha aura huA, jisake AdhAra para vAkATaka sAmrAjya kA zeSa to samApta ho hI gayA, kintu alpa kAla meM hI vAkATaka sAmrAjya gupta sAmrAjya meM tirohita ho gayA / candragupta dvitIya aura kuberanAga se utpanna putrI prabhAvatI guptA kA vivAha pRthvIsena vAkATaka ke putra rudrasena dvitIya ke sAtha kiyA gayA / rudrasena dvitIya ke pazcAta zAsana kI bAgaDora kuberanAga-putrI prabhAvatI guptA samhAlI kyoMki rAjakumAra avayaska the / guptoM ke AvirbhAva ke sAtha-hI-sAtha padmAvatI ke vaibhava ke dina samApta hone lage the / samRddhi aura utkarSa ke dina eka bAra samApta hone ke pazcAta phira vApasa nahIM Aye / guptavaMza ke zAsakoM ne padmAvatI ke zAsakoM ke Adarza evaM ruciyoM para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA, aura padmAvatI kI zobhA sadA ke lie vilIna ho gayI / batAyA jAtA hai ki padmAvatI ke zAsana kI bAgaDora kucha samaya ke lie paramAra zAsaka punnapAla ne bhI samhAlI thI / usake pazcAta naravara kA kachavAhA zAsaka bhI isa para adhikAra jamAye rahA / yaha zAsaka dillI kA karada zAsaka thA / pavAyA meM jo kilA hai, usakA saMsthApaka to puNyapAla athavA punnapAla ko hI samajhA jAtA hai, kintu aba jisa rUpa meM vartamAna hai, use naravara ke kachavAhA zAsaka ne banavAyA thA / yaha kilA jina IMToM se banA hai, ve IMTeM to prAcIna haiM, para kahIM se khodI huI haiM / padmAvatI ke apakarSa ke dinoM kI kahAnI bar3I aspaSTa pratIta hotI hai / aise saMketa avazya milate haiM ki madhyakAla meM pavAyA para musalamAnoM kA Adhipatya ho gayA thA / pavAyA se eka mIla ke dAyare meM hI pA~ca makabare aura eka masjida haiM / anya avazeSa to haiM hI, jo yaha siddha karate haiM, ki yaha musalamAnoM ke adhIna rahI hogI / gumbadahIna aise kamare mile haiM, jina para sthApatya kalA kI kArIgarI nahIM darzAyI gayI hai / yaha mugalakAla ke Arambha kAla kI sthApatya kalA hai / isa prakAra padmAvatI kA itihAsa adhUrA avazya hai, kintu yaha adhUrA itihAsa kaI pUre itihAsoM se adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / aba taka jise aMdhakAra yuga kahA jAtA thA, vaha For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ko saMsthApanA : 33 vastutaH aMdhakAra yuga nahIM thaa| usa samaya jo kalA evaM rAjanaitika darzana ke prayoga hue, unakI vizeSa mahattA Aja ke yuga meM bhI svIkAra kI jA rahI hai| 3.15 nAgoM ko zAsana-praNAlI nAgoM kI zAsana-praNAlI vizeSa rUpa se mahatvapUrNa hai / IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM bhArata meM jo zAsana-praNAlI pracalita thI, Aja bIsavIM zatAbdI meM usakA saMzodhita svarUpa prayoga meM lAyA jA rahA hai / yaha zAsana-praNAlI saMghAtmaka kahI jA sakatI hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai, ki padmAvatI meM kendrIya zAsana sthApita thA, aura bhArata ke anya kSetroM meM usakI zAkhAe~ bikharI huI thiiN| mathurA aura kAntipurI kA ullekha to purANoM meM bhI kiyA gayA hai / vindhyazakti ke prakaraNa meM hama yaha dekha cuke haiM, ki vaha bhI eka adhInastha zAsaka thA / guptoM ne bhI saMghIya zAsana-paddhati nAgoM se hI sIkhI hogii| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne bhAraziva vaMza kI do bhinna-bhinna zAkhAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| padmAvatI ke zAsana ko unhoMne TAkavaMzIya zAsana batAyA hai| isakA AdhAra unhoMne 'bhAva-zataka' nAmaka hastalikhita prati ko mAnA hai, jo vIrasena ke samaya meM hI likhI gayI thii| mathurA ke rAjavaMza ko unhoMne yaduvaMzI batAyA hai / yaha nAma 'kaumudI mahotsava' nAmaka nATaka se liyA gayA hai / ina donoM granthoM kA racanA-kAla eka hI batAyA gayA hai / mathurA ke zAsakoM ke sikke kama milate haiN| ina zAsakoM ne apane sikke nahIM calAye / isase yaha anumAna sahaja meM hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai, ki padmAvatI meM eka kendrIya TakasAla hogI, jahA~ se sikke bana kara anya sthAnoM para jAte hoMge / padmAvatI kA rAjya dhanadhAnya-sampanna aura gauravazAlI rAjya thaa| nAgoM kI zAsana-praNAlI ke sambandha meM gaNapati nAga kA nAma bar3e mahatva kA hai| gaNapati kA artha hotA hai gaNoM kA svAmI / isase isa bAta kA patA calatA hai, ki nAgoM ke samaya meM gaNarAjya thA, aura gaNapati isa saMgharAjya kI kendrIya sattA ko samhAla rahA thaa| gaNapati koI vAstavika nAma nahIM thaa| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki gaNapati ke do anya nAma bhI diye gaye haiN| eka hai gaNendra, aura dUsarA hai gaNapendra / gaNapati aura gaNendra lagabhaga samAna artha vAle zabda haiN| ina nAmoM meM eka anya vizeSatA parilakSita hotI hai| ina tInoM nAmoM meM gaNa zabda samAna hai / isase gaNarAjya kA vicAra aura bhI puSTa ho jAtA hai / gaNarAjya kI yaha prathA nAgoM ke zAsanakAla taka hI pracalita rahI ho, aisI bAta nahIM / prAcIna itihAsa meM isa prakAra ke pramANa upasthita haiM, jinase yaha nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki guptoM ke zAsanakAla meM bhI yaha prathA banI rahI thii| 3.16 saMghIya zAsana kA svarUpa isa bAta kA nizcaya hone ke uparAnta ki padmAvatI meM saMghIya zAsana-vyavasthA rahI hogI, isa bAta para bhI vicAra karanA prAsaMgika pratIta hotA hai ki yaha saMghIya vyavasthA kaisI hogI ? isa viSaya meM mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai, ki padmAvatI zAsana aura For Private and Personal Use Only

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34: pAvatI saMskRti kA kendra to avazya thI, kintu sabhI gaNarAjya pUrNataH adhIna nahIM the| kaI svataMtra rAjya the aura apane zAsana aura kAryoM ke lie svataMtra hote hue bhI kucha mAmaloM meM kendra se nirdeza prApta karate hoMge / kendra inakA pratinidhitva karatA thA, cAhe ve adhInastha rAjya hoM athavA svataMtra rAjya / udAharaNa ke lie yuddha kA prazna hai| yuddha-kAryoM meM kuSANoM ke viruddha saMghabaddha prayAsa kiyA gayA thA, jisakA netRtva bhAraziva nAgoM ne kiyA thaa| yadyapi isa sambandha meM itihAsakAroM meM matabheda hai / DaoN0 altekara isa sthApanA se sahamata nahIM haiN| ve kahate haiM ki kuSANoM ke sAmrAjya ko dhvasta karane meM pahalA kadama yaudheyoM ne uThAyA, aura apane nikaTa par3osI kubinda aura arjunAyanoM ke sahayoga se kuSANoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| kintu isa bAta ko sahI mAnate hue bhI madhyadeza kI samasyA hala nahIM ho paatii| madhyadeza se kuSANoM ko parAsta karane kA kArya karane vAle navanAga aura mAlava saMghaTita hue hAga / kuSANoM ke hAtha se pAMcAla, mathurA, sAranAtha, magadha, padmAvatI aura vidizA ke nikala jAne kA ekamAtra kAraNa thA, ekAdhika zaktiyoM kA saghabaddha prayatna / navanAgo kI zreSThatA aura gurutA kA AbhAsa hameM kucha anya sAkSyoM ke dvArA bhI hotA hai| vAkATakoM se navanAgoM ke vivAha-sambandha kA ullekha prAyaH kiyA jAtA hai| navanAgoM kI kanyA prApta karane para vAkATakoM ko garva kA anubhava huA thA, aura isa rAjanaitika vivAha ko bar3A mahatva diyA gayA thA / vAkATakoM ke zilAlekha meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gyaa| eka dUsarI bAta yaha, ki gupta samrAToM ne bhI kuberanAgA se vivAha kiyA thaa| isakA kAraNa bhI nAgoM kI zreSThatA hI rahI hogii| samudragupta ke ilAhAbAda vAle kIrtistambha me navanAgoM kA ullekha bhI navanAgoM kI zreSThatA kA paricAyaka hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne nAgoM ke tIna rAjavaMzoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhArazivoM kA eka baMza thaa| ve sAmrAjya ke netA aura samrAT the, aura unake adhIna pratinidhi-svarUpa zAsana karane vAle aura bhI kaI vaMza the / kaI prajAtaMtrI rAjyoM ko isI saMgha meM sammilita batAyA gayA hai| padmAvatI aura mathurA do zAkhAe~ bhArazivoM ke dvArA sthApita kI gayI thiiN| padmAvatI vAle rAjavaza ko unhoMne TAkavaMza nAma diyA hai, jisakA AdhAra 'bhAvazataka' nAmaka pustaka hai, jo gaNapati nAga ke samaya meM likhI gayI thI aura usI ko samapati kI gayI thii| mathurA vAle vaMza kA nAma yaduvaMza thA / 'kaumudI mahotsava' nAmaka grantha meM isa vaMza kA nAma AyA hai / isa sambandha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai, ki bhAraziva yaduvaMzI the aura Takka deza paMjAba se Aye the| kintu nAgoM ke tIna vaMzoM vAlI bAta ko anya itihAsakAroM dvArA samarthana nahIM milA hai / purANoM meM bhI ina vaMzoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| ataeva nAgoM ke tIna vaMza na mAna kara tIna vibhinna zAkhAe~ mAnanA adhika samIcIna hogaa| ye navanAga vaMza kI hI tIna zAkhAe~ thIM, jaisA ki "navanAgAH padmAvatyAM kAntipuryAm mathurAyAm" kathana se pragaTa hotA hai| ___ isa sambandha meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai, ki mathurA ke nAgoM ne apane sikke pracalita nahIM kiye| vahA~ sambhavataH TakasAla nahIM thI, TakasAla thI padmAvatI meM / isase For Private and Personal Use Only

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paprAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 35 yaha dhAraNA aura bhI puSTa ho jAtI hai, ki kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM saMgha-vyavasthA rahI hogI, ki sikke pracalita karane kA adhikAra kevala padmAvatI ko hI prApta huA ho / yaha svataMtra sAmrAjya thA, aura nAgadatta (lAhaura vAlI mudrA ke mahezvara nAga kA pitA) kA vaMza bhI isI ke adhIna hogaa| isake antargata eka anya rAjavaMza rAjya karatA thaa| bulaMdazahara jile ke indrapura (indaura kher3A) athavA usake Asa-pAsa isa rAjya ke eka zAsaka mattila kI mudrA para nAga cihna milA hai| isa para rAjan upAdhi aMkita nahIM milI hai| isa sambandha meM indaura ke tAmralekhoM ne pramANa prastuta kiyA hai| ye tAmralekha sarvanAga nAmaka zAsaka ne likhavAye the, joki samudragupta kA eka gavarnara thaa| ____ nAgadatta, nAgasena yA mattila athavA unake pUrvajoM ne bhI apane sikke nahIM calAye / bhArazivoM ke samaya meM ahicchatroM ke bhI kisI anya zAsaka yA gavarnara ne bhI apane sikke nahIM calAye / sikke calAne vAloM meM kevala acyuta / / nAma AtA hai| samudragupta ke zilAlekha meM acyuta kA nAma acyutanandI milatA hai| jitane zAsakoM ke sikke nahIM milate, ve svataMtra zAsaka the yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki isa prakAra ke rAjya kisI sAmrAjya kI zAkhA hoMge, athavA gaNarAjya kI eka ikAI hoNge| sikkoM ke lie unheM pradhAna rAjya ke Upara nirbhara rahanA par3atA hogaa| samudragupta ke zilAlekha meM AryAvarta ke zAsakoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| eka varga kA prArambha gaNapati nAga se hotA hai| isa varga meM una zAsakoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai, jo samudragupta ke prathama AryAvarta yuddha meM mAre gaye the| dUsare varga meM una zAsakoM ke nAma haiM jina para yuddha ke samaya AkramaNa huA thaa| isa sUcI kA prArambha rudradeva arthAt rudrasena se hotA hai| ina donoM zAkhAoM ke atirikta bhArazivoM ke sAmrAjya kI svataMtra ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM mAlavA aura rAjapUtAne aura sambhavataH paMjAba ke kuNiMdoM ke bhI gaNarAjya rahe hoNge| ina rAjyoM ke dvArA apane-apane sikke calAye gaye the| isa bAta meM sandeha nahIM ki jo rAjya apane sikke calA rahe the, ve svarAjya bhogI rAjya hoMge, kintu anya aise rAjyoM ke sAtha, jinake svayaM ke sikke nahIM the, unake sambandha kaime the aura Arthika vyavasthA meM ve kaise samparka sthApita kiye hue the, isa sambandha meM antima rUpa se mata nahIM diyA jA sktaa| isakA kAraNa una sAkSyoM kA abhAva hai, jinake AdhAra para yaha svataMtra rUpa se kahA jA sake ki kisI rAjya vizeSa kI sthiti kyA thii| isa prasaMga meM sikkoM para aMkita viruda kA sAkSya hI eka aisA sAkSya hai, jise nirNAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / bhAraziva vaMza ke rAjAoM ke sikkoM para jo adhirAja zabda milatA hai, vaha isa tathya ko pragaTa karatA hai ki yaha sAmrAjya kaI rAjyoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA honA caahie| bhArazivoM ke zAsana-kArya evaM AcaraNa meM hameM kisI prakAra kI jaTilatA nahIM dikhAyI detii| bhArazivoM ke ArAdhyadeva yogI aura parama tyAgI the| unake bhaktoM ne bhI 1. aMdhakArayugIna bhArata, pRSTha 62-63 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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36 : padmAvatI vaisA hI tyAgamaya jIvana bitAnA ucita smjhaa| unhoMne jIvana meM zAna-zaukata ko vizeSa mahatva nahIM diyaa| kintu ve parizramazIla jIvana bitAte the, aura bar3e-bar3e kArya kiye| padmAvatI eka sundara nagarI thI, aura nAga saundarya ke premI the| unhoMne padmAvatI kI TakasAla meM sikkoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| kuzanoM ke sikkoM kA bahiSkAra karake prAcIna hindU DhaMga ke sikke banavAye / unakI saMkhyA itanI adhika thI, ki Aja bhI padmAvatI meM barasAta ke mausama meM sikke mila jAte haiN| bhAraziva rAjya lolupa nahIM the| unhoMne anya zAsakoM ko bhI isa bAta kI svataMtratA de dI hogI, ki ve apane sikke svayaM hI banA leM / ve prajAtaMtra meM AsthA rakhane vAle the, aura jAnabUjha kara anya rAjyoM ko suvidhA pradAna karane meM gaurava kA anubhava karate the| unheM daridratA se ghRNA na thii| bhArazivoM ke cAroM ora hindU rAjya chAye huye the| isa kAla meM unakA eka gaNa bana gayA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ziva ke banAye hue nandI yA gaNoM meM ve hI pramukha the / ve sarvatra svataMtratA kA pracAra karate the tathA usakI rakSA bhI karate the / azvamedha yajJoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, ki bhAraziva ekachatra zAsana sthApita karanA cAhate the, kintu gaNarAjyoM kI upasthiti yaha siddha kara detI hai, ki unhoMne rAjya-lolupatA se prabhAvita ho kara aisA nahIM kiyaa| bhArazivoM kI dharma meM bar3I AsthA thI, aura ve rASTrIya dRSTikoNa se tyAgazIla jIvana vyatIta karate the| bhArazivoM ne apanA uddezya banA kara kuSaNoM ke lolupatApUrNa sAmrAjyavAda kA anta kara diyA thA, aura hindU janatA meM naitika dRSTi se jo doSa A gaye the, unakA nivAraNa karane kA pUrA-pUrA prayatna kiyA aura ve usameM saphala bhI hue| unhoMne apane AcaraNoM ko bhautika svArtha ke dvArA kalaMkita nahIM kiyaa| ve apane AdhyAtmika kalyANa aura vijaya ke lie apane uddezya ko pUrA karane ke pazcAt ziva kI bhakti meM lIna ho gaye the / ve zaMkara bhagavAna ke sacce bhakta the, aura unakI upAsanA ko hI parama dharma samajhate the| unhoMne AryAvarta meM hindU sAmrAjya kI phira se sthApanA kii| ve rASTrIya uddezya ko le kara cale the, jisameM unheM paryApta saphalatA milI / nAgoM kI zAsana-praNAlI eka Adarza aura saralatama zAsana-praNAlI thii| yadyapi unhoMne dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti ke sAtha hI rAjanaitika uddezyoM ko bhI apane sAmane rakhA, kintu janatA ke sAmAnya kalyANa ke lie unhoMne aneka prayatna kiye aura hindutva kI prANapratiSThA meM apUrva yogadAna diyaa| nAgavaMza ke zAsana ko pUrNa rUpa se gaNataMtra evaM gaNasaMgha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jisakI sUkSmAtisUkSma paribhASA kA Adhunika kAla meM vikAsa huA hai / Aja kI kasauTI para tyAgI paurajAnapada evaM samasukha duHkha-dharma mahArAjAdhirAjoM kA rAjataMtra kharA to nahIM utara sakatA, kintu apane Arambhika rUpa meM vaha paryApta vikasita thA / rAjAoM ke kArya prajA ke hita aura kalyANa ko sAtha le kara calate the| rAjA ko kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM loka pratinidhi kA adhikAra prApta rahA hogaa| prajA kA sahayoga rAjataMtra kA eka Avazyaka tatva thA / isa yuga meM eka rAjya kI sImA dUsare rAjya se milI rahI hogii| kintu aise vivAda nahIM uTha khar3e hue hoMge, jaise Aja uTha rahe haiM / yaha sImAe~ do rAjyoM ke sneha-sambandhoM For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kI saMsthApanA : 37 ko dRr3hatara banAtI rhiiN| yadi eka rAjya kI kanyA dUsare rAjya meM byAha dI jAtI thI, to isase do rAjyoM ke sambandha dRr3hatara hI ho jAte the| eka vaMza apane Apa ko dUsare kA dauhitra kahane meM Adara kA anubhava karatA thaa| ina mAtAmahoM, mAtuloM, dauhitroM aura bhAgineyoM kI durdharSa zaktiyA~ samaveta rUpa se deza ke zatruoM ke dA~ta gina-gina kara tor3ane meM lagI thIM, tathA madhyadeza ke jAnapada aura paurajanoM kI tejasvitA ina gaNapati, candrAMza, acyuta, mattila, rudradeva, nAgasena, nandI Adi ke rakta kI antima bUMda taka zeSa rahate AkrAMtAoM se jUjhatI rhii| ___ isa yuga meM bhArata kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM ke anukUla janapadoM ke gaNarAjyoM kA pUrNa utkarSa huA thA, tathA ve eka sUtra meM saMghabaddha ho gaye the, jisakA kAraNa samAna uddezya hI hogA / isa vizAla pradeza meM usa samaya koI ekataMtrI sattA nahIM thii| kintu aise samaya meM aise sazakta samAja kA nirmANa kiyA gayA, jisameM vyakti aura samAja donoM ko Atmagaurava kA anubhava huA hogA / kendrIya zakti ne apanI sArthakatA ko siddha karane meM apane ghaTakoM ke kalyANa ko pramukhatA dI hogii| 3.17 gaNarAjyoM kI samApti yaha bAta to sahI hai ki nAgavaMza ke kendrasthaloM meM se padmAvatI sarvapramukha hai| nAgavaMza kA sAmrAjya bahuta vistRta rahA hogA / kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM isakA prabhAva baMgAla se paMjAba taka aura magadha se sudUra dakSiNa taka phailA huA thA / isa gaNasaMgha ne yUnAnI zaka aura kuSANoM kI jaya-lAlasA ko to samApta kara hI diyA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM vaha svayaM bhI guptoM ke vijaya-cakra kA zikAra bana gayA thaa| yaha gaNazakti dhIre-dhIre naSTa hotI gayI / isakA kAraNa kendrIya zakti kA zithila ho jAnA hI rahA hogA, jisake zithila ho jAne para dUrastha ikAIyA~ paraspara asambaddha ho gayI thIM, jo eka-eka karake gupta sAmrAjya meM mila gayIM / yadi saMgha athavA kendrIya zakti kSINa nahIM huI hotI, to usake ghaTakoM meM itanA zaithilya na AtA aura padmAvatI apanI samRddhi aura gaurava ke dina dekhatI rhtii| padmAvatI ne hI nahIM, navanAgoM ke mathurA kendra ne bhI apanA prabhutva kho diyA thA, jisakI ora DaoN0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne apanI pustaka 'mathurA' meM saMketa kiyA hai| "nAgoM ke zAsana-kAla meM mathurA meM zaiva-dharma kI vizeSa unnati huii| nAga devIdevatAoM kI pratimAoM kA nirmANa bhI isa kAla meM bahuta huA / anya dharmoM kA vikAsa bhI sAtha-sAtha hotA rahA / 313 I0 meM mathurA ke jaina zvetAmbaroM ne skandila nAmaka AcArya kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM eka bar3I sabhA kA Ayojana kiyaa| isa sabhA meM kaI dhArmika granthoM ke zuddha pATha sthira kiye gye| isI varSa dUsarI aisI hI sabhA balabhI meM huii| nAgoM ke samaya meM mathurA aura padmAvatI nagara bar3e samRddha nagaroM ke rUpa meM vikasita hue| yahA~ 1. madhyabhArata kA itihAsa, pRSTha 5.68-66 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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38 : padmAvatI vizAla mandira, mahala, maTha, stUpa tathA anya imAratoM kA nirmANa huaa| dharma, kalA-kauzala tathA vyApAra ke ye pradhAna kendra hue| nAga-zAsana kA anta hone ke bAda mathurA ko rAjanaitika kendra hone kA gaurava phira kabhI na prApta ho skaa| yaha bAta to spaSTa hai ki nAgoM ke zAsana kA sadaiva ke lie anta ho gayA, kintu nAgoM ke dvArA pracalita kalA, zAsana-praNAlI aura dharmopAsanA apanI amiTa chApa chor3a gayIM, jo zatAbdiyoM taka kAlakavalita na ho pAyIM, aura padmAvatI meM Aja bhI apanI kIrtipatAkA phaharA rahI haiN| 1. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI-mathurA, pRSTha 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya cAra padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa utkhanana ke pUrva evaM usake pazcAt bhI pavAyA ke nikaTavartI kSetra se aise aneka avazeSa mile haiM, jo padmAvatI ke prAcIna svarUpa para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlate haiM / ina avazeSoM kA abhI taka vidhivat adhyayana prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / inameM se adhikAMza avazeSa jo pavAyA ke nikaTavartI kSetra se hI prApta hue haiM aise haiM, jo hinduoM kI prAcIna saMskRti para paryApta prakAza DAlate haiM / yadi pavAyA ke usa vistRta kSetra kA anumAna lagAyA jAya jisameM ye avazeSa mile haiM, to usakA kSetraphala lagabhaga do vargamIla hogA / isa dhvaMsAvazeSapUrNa kSetraphala kI tulanA vidizA ke nikaTa vesanagara kSetra se kI jA sakatI hai / isa sambandha meM yaha bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ye avazeSa siMdha aura pArvatI nadI ke saMgama taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, apitu ye ina donoM nadiyoM ke taToM para paryApta dUrI taka bikhare par3e haiM / isase yaha anumAna bhI sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai, ki pArvatI aura siMdha nadiyoM ke saMgama para to nagara kA mukhya bhAga basA hogA aura nagara kA vistAra ina nadiyoM ke kinAre-kinAre dUra taka rahA hogA / do nadiyoM ke saMgama para base nagaroM kI chaTA prakRti kA Azraya pA kara bar3ha jAtI hai / padmAvatI bhI eka bhavya nagarI rahI hogI, jisake saundarya kA ullekha anyatra kiyA jAtA hogA / prArambha meM padmAvatI kI sthiti ke viSaya meM itihAsakAroM meM bar3A vivAda banA kara rahA thA, jaisA ki rahA / koI itihAsakAra ise ujjaina ke nikaTa dekhane kA prayatna koSakAra ne padmAvatI ke arthoM meM ujjayinI kA eka prAcIna nAma diyA hai / kisI-kisI itihAsakAra ne padmAvatI ko vartamAna naravara ke nikaTa dekhA / lambe samaya taka yaha vivAda calatA rahA, taba jA kara kahIM yaha nizcaya kiyA jA sakA ki padmAvatI vartamAna padmapavAyA kA hI prAcIna nAma thA / padmAvatI ke nizcayAtmaka paricaya ke zreya ke bhAgIdAra anya sAdhana to haiM hI, kintu utkhanana kArya ke dvArA isa viSaya meM bar3I sahAyatA milI / utkhanana kArya ke dvArA prApta sAmagrI ke abhAva meM isa bAta kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sakatI thI, ki yaha nagara itanA gauravazAlI aura bhavya rahA hogA, jaisA ki aba pratIta hone lagA hai / utkhanana ke dvArA kaI isa prakAra kI vastue~ milI haiM, jinase padmAvatI ke tatkAlIna samAja ke vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza par3atA hai / nAgavaMzIya zAsakoM ne jIvana meM dharma ko For Private and Personal Use Only

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40 : padmAvatI bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA thA, isa bAta ko siddha karane ke lie aba taka pracura sAmagrI prApta ho cukI hai / mandiroM ke atirikta aneka devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ tathA zivaliMga isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM, ki padmAvatI kA rAjya eka dharma-pradhAna rAjya thA / rAjA ko bhI azvamegha yajJa kara lene ke pazcAta kisI sammAnapUrNa pada kI prApti hotI thI / mRNmUrtiyoM evaM anya prApta mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai, ki isa kAla meM mUrtikalA utkRSTatA kI carama pariNati para pahu~ca cukI thI / mUrtikalA hI kyoM, isa kAla kI sthApatya kalA ke bhI ucca zikhara para pahu~ca jAne ke paryApta pramANa mila jAte haiM / usa samaya ke U~ce-U~ce AlIzAna bhavana Aja bhI bar3e kautUhala kI vastu bane hue haiM / ina sthUla kalAoM ke atirikta sUkSma kalAoM ke bhI isa prakAra ke pramANa mile haiM, jinase kalAoM kI bahumakhI pragati kA bodha hotA hai / saMgIta aura vAdyakalA ke tatkAlIna svarUpa ko pragaTa karane vAle eka aise prastara khaNDa kI prApti huI hai, jisase saMgIta, vAdya aura nartana ke bahupracalita hone kA bodha hotA hai / padmAvatI kA tatkAlIna samAja kalApriya rahA hogA, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / kintu isake sAtha-sAtha padmAvatI eka vaibhavazAlI aura dhana dhAnya-sampanna nagara thA, isa bAta ko siddha karane ke lie bhI paryApta pramANa milate haiM / isake sAtha hI dezI aura videzI vyApAra ke pramukha mArga para sthita hone ke kAraNa yaha nagara saMskRti kA eka kendra bana gayA thA / vyApArI varga dUra-dUra taka isa nagara kI prazaMsA karatA hogA / padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa isa nagara ke prAcIna svarUpa ko punarnirmita karane meM paryApta sahayoga pradAna karate haiM / 4.1 saMgRhota vastue~ dhvaMsAvazeSoM kI ukta sAmAnya carcA ke uparAnta aba hameM una avazeSoM para vicAra karanA cAhie, jinase padmAvatI nagara kI samRddhi, tatkAlIna nAgarikoM kI suruci evaM kalApriyatA tathA saMskRti para prakAza par3atA hai / isa prakAra ke avazeSoM meM pramukha rUpa se mAnavAkAra AkRtiyA~, mUrtiyA~, stambhazIrSa evaM sikke vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / pavAyA ke isa kSetra meM sikkoM kA milanA Aja bhI baMda nahIM hai| barasAta dinoM meM ye sikke dhula kara jamIna ke Upara A jAte haiM, grAmINa jana inheM baTora lete haiM / yaha krama varSoM se cala rahA hai aura Aja bhI baMda nahIM hai / yaha bAta avazya hai ki sikkoM kI mAtrA aba kama ho gayI hai / sikke bhI isa prAcIna nagara kI kahAnI kahate haiM, unakA apanA pRthaka mahatva hai / ve apane yuga kI samRddhi ke pratinidhi haiN| sikke to adhikAMzataH prAcIna yugIna hI haiM, kintu sthApatya kalA aura mUrtikalA ke jo avazeSa mile haiM, ve IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se le kara madhyayuga taka kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / 4.2 kuSANoM se pUrva ke smRti cihna kuSANa zAsanakAla meM hameM adhikAMzataH bauddha aura jaina dharmoM ke smRti cihna milate haiM / usa samaya kA aisA koI smRti cihna nahIM milatA, jo hindU DhaMga kI sanAtanI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 41 upAsanA se sambandha rakhatA ho| kintu isase yaha anumAna nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki prArambha meM koI sanAtanI cihna bane hI nahIM the| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki bauddhoM se pUrva bhI sanAtanI hindU apane smRti-cihna banavAyA karate the / ina smRti-cihnoM meM bhavana aura mUrtiyoM kI gaNanA vizeSa rUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| kintu pavAyA ke utkhanana kArya ke samaya bauddhoM se pUrva kA sanAtanI hinduoM kA koI smRti-cihna nahIM milA, na hI koI namUnA vAstu takSaNakalA kA milatA hai| isa sambandha meM adhika sambhAvanA to isI bAta kI pratIta hotI hai ki hinduoM ne aise smRti-cinha banavAye to hoMge kintu kAlAntara meM unheM naSTa kara diyA gayA hogaa| sanAtanI hinduoM ke bhavana, mUrti tathA anya smRti-cinhoM ke nirmANa kiye jAne ke pramANa to hameM kaI pustakoM meM prApta hote haiM / isa sambandha meM zrI vRndAvana bhaTTAcArya ko pustaka 'di hindU imejeja' vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / mandira aura devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM hameM matsya purANa se bhI pramANa mila jAte haiM / bhArazivoM aura kuSANoM se pUrva hI sanAtanI aura hinduoM kI vAstu kalA tathA mUrti kalA unnati ke ucca zikhara para pahu~ca gayI thii| isa kalA kA rASTrIya svarUpa bhI thaa| kintu yaha bhI smaraNa rakhane yogya hai ki bhAraziva aura vAkATakoM ke samaya meM unakA phira se uddhAra hone lagA to phira vaise acche bhavana nahIM bana pAye / prAcIna bhavanoM kI tulanA meM ye ghaTiyA prakAra ke siddha hue / bauddhoM aura jainoM ke stUpoM Adi para kI nakkAzI se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki ina para bhAratIya vAstu aura mUrti kalA kA atyadhika prabhAva hai| udAharaNa ke lie bauddha aura jaina stUgoM Adi para kI gaI nakkAzI meM apsarAoM ke lie koI sthAna nahIM ho sakatA thaa| mathurA ke jaina stUpoM para nAgArjunI koMDA stUpoM tathA isI prakAra ke aura aneka bhavanoM Adi para aisI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM jinameM apsarAyeM apane premI gaMdhoM ke sAtha aneka prakAra kI prema-krIr3A karatI dikhAyI gayI haiM / apsarAoM kI prema-kIr3A ko jaina aura bauddha dharma meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| hA~, hinduoM kI dharma pustakoM meM aura vizeSa kara matsya purANa meM inako vizeSa sthAna milA hai| matsya purANa meM aThAraha AcAryoM ke mata uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / isase isa bAta kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki hinduoM meM yaha prathA ati prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI thI / hinduoM ke mandira aura toraNoM para gaMdharvamithuna yA gaMdharva aura usakI patnI kI mUrtiyA~ honI caahie| isa viSayaka matsya purANa kA ullekha dekhiye : toraNAn copariSTAt tu vidyAdhara samanvitam deva dundubhi-saMyukta gaMdharva mithunAnvitam / matsya purANa 257, 13-14 mandiroM para apsarAoM, siddhoM aura yakSoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ nakAzI gayI hoNgii| mathurA meM bhI snAna karatI huI striyoM kI aneka mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| yaha anumAna lagAna : asvAbhAvika nahIM ki ina mUrtiyoM kI aneka bAteM apsarAoM kI-sI haiM tathA snAna karane kI bhAva-bhaMgimA ke kAraNa ye jala-apsarA-sI pratIta hotI haiM / bauddha aura jainoM kI gajalakSmI For Private and Personal Use Only

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42 : padmAvatI aura garur3a dhvaja dhAraNa karane vAlI vaiSNavI bhI sanAtanI hindU imAratoM se lI gayI haiN| jaina aura bauddha mandiroM meM ina mUrtiyoM ke A jAne kA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki kalAkAra inako banAne ke itane icchuka ho gaye the ki ve inheM yathAsambhava sthAna dene kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara sakate the| eka dUsarI bAta aura, jisa samaya jainoM aura bauddhoM ke ye mandira bane usa samaya ina mUrtiyoM kA itanA adhika pracAra ho gayA thA ki koI bhI bhavana taba taka pavitra nahIM samajhA jAtA thA jaba taka ki unameM ina mUrtiyoM kA samAveza na ho jAya / hinduoM ke lie to ye mUrtiyA~ vaidika yuga se calI A rahI thiiN| 4.3 mAriNabhadra yakSa pavAyA meM prApta mAnavAkAra mUrtiyoM meM mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / yaha mUrti pavAyA ke nikaTa kile ke mukhya dvAra ke samIpa hI eka kheta meM par3I milI thii| batAyA jAtA hai ki ise kisI kisAna ke hala ne palaTa diyA thaa| yaha mUrti balue patthara kI banI hai| ise mANibhadra yakSa ke upAsakoM ne banavAyA thaa| vizAla mUrti gola AdhAra para khar3I kI gayI hai / isake paira se gardana taka kI UMcAI cAra phuTa dasa iMca hai / mUrti kA sira abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| isake atirikta bhI mUrti kaI sthAnoM se khaMDita ho gayI hai / dAhinA hAtha kevala kuhanI taka hai, zeSa TUTA hai aura aprApya hai / hAtha kI jaisI AkRti banAyI gayI hai usase eka bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki dAhinA hAtha kuhanI taka mur3A huA thA, bA~yA hAtha nIce laTaka rahA hai, isI meM koSa kI thailI hai / yakSa saMpatti aura samRddhi ke adhiSThAtA the| mANibhadra yakSa bhI dhana-dhAnya ke bhaNDArI ke rUpa meM pratisthApita kiye gaye the| mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti tatkAlIna mUrtikalA kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai| mUrtikalA kI utkRSTatA ko darzAne vAle sUkSmatama cihnoM meM yakSa kI grIvA ke cAroM ora ke carma ko pradarzita karane vAlI rekhAoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai / carma kA eka dUsarA lapeTa chAtI para bhI batAyA gayA hai / mANibhadra yakSa kI pozAka tatkAlIna vezabhUSA kA eka udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai / yakSa dhotI aura uttarIya pahane hai| usakA dUsarA vastra haiM aMgochA / baMDI kI nicAI to ghuTane taka AtI hai aura kamara para sAdhAraNa paTTI kI gA~Tha jaisI lagI pratIta hotI hai| kapar3e kI lapeTa donoM TA~goM ke bIca meM ho kara jAtI hai / isako Age aura pIche donoM ora se dekhA jA sakatA hai| citra meM yakSa ke Age kA aura pIche kA donoM ora kA bhAga dikhAyA gayA hai| aMgochA athavA jise uttarIya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kA eka chora to dAhinI bhujA para lapeTA gayA hai / dUsarA chora partoM meM pIche laTaka rahA hai / mUrtikalA kI sUkSmatA to isa bAta meM hai ki vastroM ke sAtha-sAtha yakSa ke yajJopavIta pahanane ke cinha bhI spaSTa dRSTigocara ho rahe haiN| yajJopavIta chAtI ke dAhine bhAga se peTa ke bA~ye bhAga taka pahu~ca rahA hai| sAtha hI mUrti AbhUSaNa rahita bhI nahIM hai / gale meM eka hAra hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usameM motI guMthe hue haiM / yaha pIche kI ora bhI laTakatA huA dIkha rahA hai / dAhinI bhujA meM bhujabanda For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 43 pahane hue hai aura bA~yI kalAI meM kaMgana jaisA koI AbhUSaNa hai| mANibhadra yakSa kI pratimA ko dekhane ke pazcAta aisA vicAra banatA hai ki yaha kisI kaThora svabhAva vAle baliSTha vyakti kI ho / ise dekha kara komala bhAvoM kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, yadyapi yakSa dhana kA bhaNDArI aura jana-jana para dayA kI varSA karane vAlA devatA hai| mANibhadra yakSa kI caraNa-caukI para eka mahatvapUrNa abhilekha aMkita hai| jisa bhAga para yaha abhilekha utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai usakI lambAI eka phuTa nau iMca aura caur3AI nau iMca mAtra hai / isa prakAra khaNDa kA UparI bhAga tanika khaNDita hai| pariNAmasvarUpa Upara kI paMkti ke akSaroM ke Upara lagane vAlI mAtrAe~ yA to miTa gayI haiM, yA kucha dhUmila aura aspaSTa ho gayI haiN| isI kAraNa prathama paMkti ke akSaroM ko sahI-sahI par3ha lene meM kucha kaThinAI upasthita ho gayI hai| yaha abhilekha brAhmI lipi tathA saMskRta bhASA meM hai / lipi ke AdhAra para itihAsakAroM ne isa abhilekha kA samaya IsA kI prathama athavA dvitIya zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA hai / mUrtikalA ke namUne se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / yaha abhilekha kula milA kara chaH paMktiyoM meM hai / yaha gadya meM likhA gayA hai| isa abhilekha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM isa bAta kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai ki yaha kaba sthApita kiyA gayA thA / itihAsakAra ke lie to yaha bahuta bar3I bAta hai / aitihAsika tathyoM ke ThIka-ThIka ullekha ke lie to yaha eka Thosa pramANa hai| batAyA gayA hai ki zivanaMdI rAjA ke zAsana ke cauthe varSa meM eka samiti ke sabhAsadoM ne devatA kI tuSTi hetu grISma ke dvitIya pakSa kI dvAdazI ko isa pratimA kI sthApanA kI thii| isakI sthApanA kisI eka dhanavAna vyakti ne nahIM kara dI, apitu isake lie aneka vyaktiyoM ne dAna diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa abhilekha ke anta meM iSTadeva se una vyaktiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie arcanA kI gayI hai jinhoMne isake lie dAna diyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM isase to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kalyANa kI kAmanA ke sAtha-sAtha una dAnavIroM kI yaza gAthA bhI gAyI gayI hai jinhoMne isake lie dAna diyaa| isameM ina dhanadAtAoM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| isa abhilekha kA pATha nIce diyA jA rahA hai| zrI bho0 vA0 garde ne kucha aspaSTa athavA miTe hue akSaroM kI racanA apane anumAna se kI hai, jAnakArI ke lie una rUpoM ko koSThaka ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| isakA pATha paMkti ke anusAra diyA jA rahA hai| prathama paMkti (rA) jJAH zvA (mi) ziva (na) ndisya saMva (tsa) re catu (') gra (1) Sama pakSa () dvivatIyera (f) davasa () dvitIya paMkti dva (r) da (ze) 102 yatasya pUrvAya () goSThyA mANibhadra bhaktA garmasukhitA bhgvto| For Private and Personal Use Only

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44 : padmAvatI tRtIya paMkti ___ mANa (f) bhadrasya pratimA pratiSThApayati goSThyAm bhagavA Ayu vAlam vAcama kalya (1) zAmyu caturtha paMkti dayam va prIto disatu (va) brAhmaNasya gautamasya ka (mA) rasya brAhmaNasya rudradAsasya ziva (tra) dAye (isa paMkti meM gautamasya zabda paMkti se Upara likhA gayA hai ) paMcama paMkti zamabhUta (f) sya ja (1) vasya kham (jabala) sya ziva (ne) mis (ya) zivabha (dra) sya (ku) makasya dhanade chaThI paMkti vasya daa| yaha abhilekha rAjA zivanaMdI ke samaya kA acchA aura vizvasanIya pramANa prastuta karatA hai / mANibhadra yakSa kI mAnavAkAra mUrti IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI meM eka janasamudAya ke dvArA yakSa kI sthApanA se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM yakSa upAsanA bahu-pracalita thii| prAcIna granthoM meM yakSa ko dhana kA bhaNDArI kubera batalAyA gayA hai / pavAyA meM prApta isa pratimA ke hAtha meM eka thailI hai / yakSa-pUjA kA ekamAtra Azaya hotA hai usakI upAsanA ke dvArA dhana-dhAnya kI prApti / nAgoM ke anya rAjyoM meM bhI yakSa aura yakSiNiyoM kI pUjA kI prathA thii| mathurA meM bhI yakSa kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, jisase isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki mathurA aura padmAvatI kI dhArmika pRSThabhUmi kA AdhAra eka hI hai| eka jana-samudAya ke dvArA yakSa kI pratimA ke pratisthApana se siddha hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM jana-sahayoga kI bhAvanA sudRr3ha thii| rAjA ke kAryoM meM prajA kA pUrNa sahayoga hotA thA / rAjA ke samasta kAryoM ke pIche jana-kalyANa kI bhAvanA vidyamAna rahatI thii| zAsana kA svarUpa dharma-pradhAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha jana-kalyANa-pradhAna bhI thaa| janatA meM rAjyoM ke kArya ke lie pUrNa utsAha thaa| aise vyaktiyoM kA nAma jo sAmAjika kAryoM meM sahAyatA dete the viziSTa sUcI meM aMkita kiyA jAtA thaa| ye samAja ke Adarza vyakti samajhe jAte the, samAja meM unakI pratiSThA thii| DaoN0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne mathurA meM prApta yakSa-mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai (dekhiye 'mathurA', pRSTha 35) usase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki mathurA aura padmAvatI kI saMskRtiyoM meM koI bar3A bhArI antara nahIM thaa| mathurA meM to isake atirikta kinnara, gaMdharva, suparNa tathA apsarAoM kI bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| ye sabhI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 45 devI-devatA sukha, samRddhi aura vilAsa ke pratinidhi haiN| nRtya, saMgIta aura surApAna hI inake priya viSaya haiM / saMgIta aura nRtya ke dRzya ko prastuta karane vAlI eka aisI mUrti pavAyA se milI hai jisameM vAdya ke vividha prakAra bhI batAye gaye haiN| saMgIta samAroha kA yaha anupama dRzya bar3A AkarSaka pratIta hotA hai| mathurA-kalA meM bhI gAyana aura vAdana ke aise citra mila jAte haiM, jinase ina donoM sthAnoM kI samAna saMskRti kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| parakhama meM yakSa kI jo vizAlakAya mUrti milI hai usakI tulanA pavAyA ke mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti se kI jA sakatI hai| aisI hI eka anya mUrti mathurA ke bar3odA gA~va se prApta huI thii| ina mUrtiyoM ke banAne meM mUrtikalA kI utkRSTatA to isI bAta meM hai ki inheM cAroM ora se dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina mUrtiyoM ko kora kara banAyA gayA hai| mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti aura mathurA kI kubera yakSa kI mUrtiyoM meM adbhuta samAnatA hai / usa kAla meM kubera kI upAsanA to itanI lokapriya ho cukI thI ki hinduoM ke atirikta jaina aura bauddha dharmAvalambI bhI kubera ko pUjane lage the| kubera ke hAtha meM surA-pAtra, bijorA-nIbU, tathA ratnoM kI thailI pAyI jAtI hai / mANibhadra yakSa ke hAtha meM bhI isI prakAra kI eka thailI hai| mathurA aura padmAvatI kI yakSa mUrtiyA~ donoM rAjyoM kI samAna rAjanItika, dhArmika evaM sAmAjika paristhitiyoM kI bodhaka haiN| dhana kA bhaNDArI kubera yadi mathurA meM dhana-sampatti kI vRddhi kara rahA thA to usakA sahodara mANibhadra padmAvatI meM sukha aura samRddhi ko bar3hA rahA thA / 4.4 mAnavAkAra nandI pavAyA ke nikaTa jitane avazeSa prApta hue haiM, unameM se adhikAMza prAcIna kAla ke haiM -nAga zAsana ke smRti-cinha / jisa TIle para tAr3a-stambhazIrSa milA thA usase kucha hI dUrI para kucha anya AkRtiyA~ milI haiM jo belabUTedAra haiN| ye AkRtiyA~ guptakAlIna mUrtikalA se samAnatA rakhatI haiM / kucha anya mUrtiyAM jo guptakAlIna kalA ke namUne pratIta hotI hai pavAyA ke grAmINajanoM ne gA~va ke uttara meM eka kacce cabUtare para saMkalita kI haiM / ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ gA~va ke Asa-pAsa se hI saMkalita kI gayI haiN| inameM se eka mUrti eka mAtA aura zizu kI hai joki eka maMca para AsIna hai / yaha mUrti besanagara ke saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI sAta mAtAoM kI mUrtiyoM se samAnatA rakhatI hai / inhIM mUrtiyoM meM se eka nandI kI mUrti bhI ullekhanIya hai| nandI kA sira to sA~r3a kA-sA hai kintu dhar3a mAnavAkAra hai| yaha mUrti cAroM ora korakara banAyI gayI hai| nandI kI mUrti nAgakAlIna hai / vAyu purANa meM vediza nAgoM ko ziva kA sA~r3a athavA nandI kahA hai| yathA, vRSAn vedizakAMzcApi bhaviSyAMzca nibodhata-2-30-360 / nAgoM ke sikkoM meM bhI sA~r3a ke cinha pAye jAte haiM / nandI kI mUrti sambhavataH ziva ke sAmane usake vRSatva ko prakaTa karane ke lie khar3I kI gayI hogI, aisA anumAna karanA asaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / yaha mUrti bhI nAgakAlIna kalA kA acchA namUnA prastuta karatI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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46 : padmAvatI mAnavAkAra nandI kI kalpanA eka maulika kalpanA hai / vRSa, sA~r3a, nandI athavA baila ko mAnavIya AkRti dvArA . kaTa karane kA tAtparya hai, ziva ke isa vAhana ko mAnava mAna kara usakI upAsanA karanA / aisI sthiti meM jaba nAgavaMzIya zAsaka svayaM ko ziva kA nandI samajhate hoM, nandI ko isa rUpa meM abhivyakta karanA aura bhI yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| nandI ko mAnava ke rUpa meM citrita karane kA artha hogA isa prANI meM sabhI mAnavIya guNoM kA Aropa karanA ! prANiyoM meM mAnava kI kalpanA eka mAnavocita guNa hai / nandI mAnava kI usI prakAra sahAyatA karane vAlA prANI bana jAtA hai jisa prakAra koI manuSya kara sakatA ho / usameM mAnava ke hI nahIM usake svAmI ziva ke guNoM kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai / nandI mAnava hai / use mAnava ke sabhI duHkha dardo kA AbhAsa hogaa| nandI ko mAnava ke rUpa meM citrita karane meM yaha bhAvanA avazya banI rahI hogii| ___ tatkAlIna dhArmika pravRti kI jar3eM kitanI gaharI thIM tathA usakA bhAvI samAja para kitanA prabhAva par3A isakA anumAna isa tathya ke dvArA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja bhI nandI ko eka vivekazIla prANI mAnA jAtA hai, joki vyaktiyoM ke jIvana aura bhAgya ke sambandha meM bhaviSyavANI karane meM samartha hai / isa vizvAsa ko jaba mAnavAkAra nandI ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAtA hai to nAgoM ke dvArA citrita mAnavAkAra nandI kI sArthakatA kA AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| mAnavAkAra nandI kI upAsanA nirAdhAra nahIM rahI hogii| 4.5 utkRSTa kalAkRtiyA~ : mRNmUrtiyA~ padmAvatI meM prApta nAgayugIna mRNmUrtiyA~ joki viSNu mandira meM milI haiM, miTTI kI mUrtiyA~ banAne kI kalA kA sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa prastuta karatI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye mUrtiyA~ kisI sA~ce meM DhAlI gayI hoNgii| isakA artha yaha huA ki usa samaya taka sA~ce banane lage hoMge jinakA upayoga mUrtiyoM ke banAne meM kiyA jAtA hogaa| ye mUrtiyA~ strI-puruSa, deviyoM aura pazu pakSiyoM kI haiN| striyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM unakA kezavinyAsa vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai, dekhane meM sabhI mUrtiyA~ bar3I manamohaka pratIta hotI haiM / mAnava-mUrtiyoM meM anya vizeSatAoM ke atirikta mana ke bhAva mukha-maMDala para ubhara kara A rahe haiM yaha dekhate hI banatA hai / kucha mUrtiyoM ke mukha para hAsya kA bhAva sahaja hI par3hA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI kucha mUrtiyA~ zoka-saMtapta hRdaya ke bhAvoM ko antaratama meM chipAye hue pratIta hotI haiN| Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki miTTI se banI ye mUrtiyA~ mAnavocita bhAvoM kA kitanA saphala citraNa karatI haiM, kyA yaha vicAraNIya bAta nahI hai ? mAnavocita bhAvoM ke citraNa meM to Aja bIsavIM zatAbdI kA kalAkAra bhI, yadi vaha pAraMgata nahIM hai to cakarA jAyegA / puruSoM kI tulanA meM strI mUrtiyoM meM adhika vaividhya hai / isa yuga meM kezavinyAsa ke viSaya meM kitanA vaividhya vidyamAna thA, isakA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| striyoM ke lie yaha eka vizeSa saundarya prasAdhana kA yuga rahA hogaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 47 padmAvatI kI ina mRNmUrtiyoM kI tulanA rAjaghATa (kAzI) evaM aphagAnistAna ke prAcIna 'kapizA' ke sthAna para prApta isI prakAra kI kezavinyAsa vAlI mUrtiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai| rAjaghATa meM prApta ina mUrtiyoM ke viSaya meM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne 'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' varSa 45, pRSTha 215-226 meM vistArapUrvaka carcA kI hai / kapizA kI mRNamUrtiyoM ke kezakalApa ke sambandha meM mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kA kathana dRSTavya hai--"eka jagaha (kAbula ke saMgrAhalaya meM) pacAsoM strI-mUrtiyoM ke sira rakhe the| unameM pacAsoM prakAra se kezoM ko sajAyA gayA thA, aura kucha sajAne ke DhaMga to itane AkarSaka aura bArIka the ki moziye moniye (phrAMsIsI rAjadUta) kaha rahe the ki inake caraNoM meM baiTha kara perisa kI sundariyA~ bhI bAla kA phaizana sIkhane ke liye bar3e ullAsa se taiyAra hoNgii|" kintu pavAyA meM prApta ye mRNamUrtiyA~ ina donoM sthAnoM para prApta mRNmUrtiyoM se kahIM adhika utkRSTa haiM / isakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki padmAvatI tatkAlIna bhArata kA pramukha sAMskRtika kendra thI jahA~ saMskRtiyoM kA samAgama hotA thaa| devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke antargata eka mUrti caturbhuja brahmA kI bahuta sundara bana par3I hai / kisI siMhavAhanI devI (pArvatI) kA nIce kA bhI bhAga milA hai| pazuoM meM azvoM kI mUrtiyA~ bar3I sajIva bana par3I haiN| kisI-kisI ghor3e para savAra bhI akita kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya mUrtikalA meM hAthI ke aMkana ko vizeSa mahatva milA hai kintu padmAvatI meM azvoM ke citroM ko dekha kara bhAratIya citrakalA ke sambandha meM yaha bhrAnti ki usameM hAthI ko vizeSa mahatva milA hai, bahuta kucha aMza meM asiddha ho jAtI hai / pazu-pakSiyoM meM vizeSakara totA, kapota, mora, machalI, varAha aura vAnara kI mUrtiyA~ vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / eka aise vAnara kI mUrti bhI milI hai, jo gale meM mAlA DAle hue hai / isa mUrti ko dekha kara kuSANakAlIna usa kacchapa jAtaka kA sahaja hI smaraNa ho AtA hai, jo mathurA saMgrahAlaya me hai aura jisakA ullekha DaoN. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne apanI 'mathurA' nAmaka pustaka meM kiyA hai| padmAvatI meM prApta mRNamUrtiyoM kI tulanA mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI mRNmUrtiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai / jisa prakAra mathurA-kalA meM vividha dharmoM ke devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM vaisI hI mUrtiyA~ padmAvatI meM bhI prApta huI haiN| ina mUrtiyoM kA sambandha pradhAna rUpa se lokajIvana se hai / devI-devatA bhI vizeSakara hindU-dharma ke haiN| sAtha hI grAmINa aura lokajIvana para prakAza DAlane vAlI aneka mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki jIvana kA yaha pakSa janasAdhAraNa ke lie bar3A bodhagamya thaa| mathurA meM isa prakAra kI mUrtiyoM ke prApti sthAna yA to TIle haiM athavA yamunA nadI / racanA-kauzala ke AdhAra para ina mUrtiyoM ko do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / pahale varga meM devI-devatAoM kI ve prAcIna mUrtiyA~ 1. 'soviyata bhUmi', pRSTha 747 kA kathana-madhya bhArata kA itihAsa pRSTha 633-34 para uddhRta / For Private and Personal Use Only

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48 : padmAvatI AtI haiM jo hAtha se gar3ha kara banAyI gayI hoNgii| dUsare varga meM una mUrtiyoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai jinake banAne meM kisI sA~ce kA prayoga kiyA gayA hogaa| ina donoM sthAnoM ke devI-devatAoM aura loka-jIvana citrita karane vAlI mUrtiyA~ to nirvivAda rUpa se utkRSTa haiM, kintu aisI mUrtiyA~ bhI jo baccoM ke khelane ke lie khilaune ke rUpa meM banAyI gayI haiM unameM bhI kalAkAroM kI kalApriyatA kA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / bhAratIya kalA meM hAthI aura ghor3e kA vizeSa sthAna hai| ina donoM prANiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ mathurA aura padmAvatI meM sampanna rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiM / ina donoM sthAnoM para aisI mUrtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM jo kisI bhAva-vizeSa ke pradarzana ke lie banAyI gayI hoN| jaise rote hue bAlaka kA citra / mA~ goda meM bacce ko le kara dulAra kara rahI hai| kucha mUrtiyA~ aisI haiM jinameM rAjasI ThATabATa meM eka strI paMkhA liye khar3I hai / patthara para jisa prakAra kI utkRSTa mUrtiyA~ banAyI jA sakatI haiM vaisI hI miTTI se banI ye mUrtiyA~ jIvana ke AkarSaka pakSa kA pradarzana karatI haiN| koI rAjakumAra ratha para baiTha kara bAhara jA rahA hai / kisI mUrti meM eka sundara strI sAr3I pahane dikhAyI gayI hai aura bacce ko goda meM liye khar3I hai / mathurA meM bhI aisI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM, jinameM striyoM ke kezoM ko vividha prakAra se sajAyA gayA hai| aisI hI mUrtiyA~ padmAvatI meM bhI milatI haiM / eka mUrti to mathurA meM aisI bhI milI hai, jisameM puruSoM ke kezoM ko sa~vArane kI jhA~kI mila jAtI hai / striyoM aura puruSoM ke kezoM ko sa~vArane kI kauna-sI vidhiyA~ pracalita thIM isakI spaSTa jhalaka hameM mRNamUrtiyoM ke dvArA mila jAtI hai / mathurA aura padmAvatI kI eka hI prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ samakAlIna honI caahie| donoM sthAnoM kI samAna prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ samAna sAmAjika aura kalAtmaka abhiruci kA bodha karAtI haiN| 4.6 saMgIta samAroha kA eka anupama dRzya pavAyA ke mandira ke toraNa para aneka paurANika AkhyAnoM kA aMkana dhArmika bhAvanA se ota-prota ho kara kiyA gayA hogA / yaha nRtya aura gAyana-vAdana kA eka adbhuta saMgama prastuta karatA hai / bhagavAna ke bhajana meM ekAgracitta hone aura mana ko ramAne ke lie ina sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA samajhI gayI hogii| mandira ke gAne-bajAne kA yaha dRzya eka prastara khaNDa para aMkita hai / yaha prastara khaNDa cAra vargaphuTa vargAkAra AkRti kA hai| aba jisa rUpa meM prApta huA hai, usameM Upara kI ora kA bAyA~ konA tanika khaNDita ho gayA hai| isa dRzya ke madhya meM eka AhlAdita strI kI mUrti hai, jisakA bhAva-bhaMgimApUrNa nartana mana ko moha letA hogA / usake urojoM para eka lambA vastra ba~dhA huA hai jisakA chora eka ora laTaka rahA hai| isa mUrti ke donoM hAthoM meM cUr3iyA~ haiM / antara kevala itanA hai ki dAhine hAtha meM cUr3iyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai, lagatA hai do-cAra cUr3iyA~ hI hoMgI kintu bAyA~ hAtha kalAI se kuhanI taka cUr3iyoM se bharA huA hai / isakA kAraNa sambhavataH dAyeM hAtha kI upayogitA hI rahI hogI / kAma-dhandhe meM dAhine hAtha kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai, ataeva use AbhUSaNoM ke guru bhAra se mukta rakhA gayA hai| ise dekha kara lagatA hai ki jIvana kI vAstavikatAoM kA pratibimba tatkAlIna kalA meM apanI sArthakatA ke sAtha avatarita huA For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 46 isa nartakI kA eka anya vastra usakI sAr3I athavA adhovastra hai| isake donoM ora alaMkaraNArtha kiMkaNiyoM kI jhAlara laTaka rahI hai| isake pairoM meM tanika moTe aura bhArI cUr3e haiM, jinameM koI sajAvaTa nahIM dikhAI detI / vaha kAnoM meM jhumakIdAra karNAbhUSaNa bhI pahane huye hai| dRzya meM aMkita anya mUrtiyoM kI vezabhUSA aura AbharaNoM para dRSTipAta karane se pratIta hotA hai ki nartakI ko jisa lagana aura sUkSmatA se sajAne-sa~vArane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, utanI sAvadhAnI anya gAyikA athavA vAdikA striyoM ke alaMkaraNa meM nahIM baratI gayI hai| madhya nartakI ke cAroM ora nau anya striyA~ haiM jo gAne-bajAne meM tallIna haiN| ye striyA~ apanI vizeSa AsandiyoM para baiThI dikhAyI gayI haiN| inake vAdya bhI vividha prakAra ke haiN| jaise do tAroM ke vAdya / samudragupta kI vINA para eka vINA kA citra aMkita milatA hai| inameM se eka vAdya usa citra se mela khAtA hai| usa samaya DhapalI bhI eka sAmAnya vAdya rahA hogaa| eka strI ko DhapalI bajAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai / inameM se eka strI kI mudrA ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / anumAnataH vaha yA to paMkhA liye hue hai athavA camara DulA rahI hai / eka anya strI maMjIra bajAne meM tallIna hai| usake bagala meM eka anya strI hai jo vAdyavihIna aMkita kI gayI hai| usake pAsa hI eka strI mRdaMga bajA rahI hai| pAsa hI kone kI mati khaNDita hai| usake nikaTa hI eka anya strI hai jo veNa bajA kara bhAvavihvala-sI pratIta ho rahI hai| citra ke madhya meM dIpaka prakAzita ho rahA hai / dIpa aura nevaidya mandira ke lie Avazyaka haiN| ina striyoM kI vezabhUSA aura vAdyoM kI vividhatA ke sAtha hI inake kezavinyAsa para bhI vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai / kinhIM bhI do striyoM kA kezavinyAsa eka jaisA pratIta nahIM hotA / isa prakAra ke kezavinyAsoM ke vividha prakAra hameM mRNamUrtiyoM meM bhI milate haiN| madhyadeza kI saMgIta tathA anya kalAoM kI sAdhanA kisa sImA taka pahu~ca cukI thI, usakA bar3A mArmika citraNa hameM isa anupama kalAkRti se mila jAtA hai| kevala natya, gIta aura vAdya ke prayoga se hI isa yuga ke madhyadezavAsI ke mAnasa meM kallolita svara-vaibhava mukhara nahIM huA, usakI yaha lAlitya sAdhanA kI pravRtti mAtra tUlI ke mRdu mAdhyama se hI nahIM vyakta huI, paruSa pASANa para chenI ke AghAtoM se bhI likhI gayI / padmAvatI meM prApta toraNa ke prastara khaNDa meM bhI usane usa para khacita saMgItaparAyaNA bAlA ke amartya svarasaMdhAna se apanI tRpti kii| jisakI nRtya mudrAe~ bhAvukoM kI ghanIbhUta anurakti ke kAraNa pASANa kI ho gayI / usa kAla ke madhyadeza kI svara-sAdhanA isa zilA khaNDa meM aMkita vAdyapuMja se taraMgita ho rahI hai| Aja bhI tatkAlIna saMgIta yuga kI veNu, vINA, dhanurvINA, kAMsyatAla Adi kI samanvita svara-mUrcchanA pArthivatA kA prANidhAna anirvacanIya AnandAnubhUti meM kara rahI hai| tatkAlIna yuga ke madhyadeza ke nivAsI ne yuddha-bhUmiyoM meM utkRSTa saphalatA prApta karane ke pazcAta jina vAdyoM se apanA vijaya nAda kiyA thA usakA harSollAsa Aja bhI isa zilA khaNDa se sunAI detA hai / usa samAja kI nAdabrahma kI ArAdhanA kI sIdhI abhivyakti For Private and Personal Use Only

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50 : padmAvatI karane vAle anya kalA ke ina abhiprAyoM ke atirikta inase itara abhiprAya bhI usa svarasaMghAta kI hI upaja haiM, jo isa pradeza ke nivAsI ke hRdaya meM gUMja rahA thA jisase usane ina nirmANoM kI preraNA grahaNa kI aura jinakI lalita mudrAe~ isa yuga kI sAja-saMgIta sAdhanA kI mUrtimayI mUrchanAe~ haiM / 4.7 viSNu-mUrti ___ pavAyA meM jo viSNu kI mUrti milI hai usameM cAra bhujAe~ haiM / nIce kA dAhinA hAtha abhaya-mudrA kA sUcaka hai aura tAr3a para aMkita padma grahaNa kiye hue hai| Upara kA dAhinA hAtha gadA ko grahaNa kiye hue hai| Upara ke bAyeM hAtha meM cakra hai| yaha hAtha U~cA uThA huA hai / nIce vAle bAyeM hAtha meM zaMkha hai| isa mUrti ke sira para mukuTa hai| kintu sira aura mukha donoM hI vikhaNDita ho gaye haiM / isa mUrti ke zarIra para AbhUSaNa bhI haiM / gale meM hAra suzobhita hai aura hAthoM meM kaMgana / kamara meM pheTA ba~dhA huA hai aura eka aMgochA pahane hue haiM jo bAyeM kandhe se le kara donoM jA~ghoM para hokara jAtA hai / isa mUrti kI pUrI TA~geM nahIM mila pAyI haiM, kevala ghuTane taka kA hI bhAga upalabdha hai / viSNu kI isa mUti ke viSaya meM yaha sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki khudAI meM jo viSNu mandira milA hai yaha mUrti usI mandira kI hogI / yaha mUrti viSNu kI upAsanA ke pracalana ko to siddha karatI hI hai sAtha hI yaha tatkAlIna mUrtikalA kA eka acchA udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai| isa mUrti ke dvArA nAgakAlIna mUrtikalA kI utkRSTatA siddha ho jAtI hai| __ tatkAlIna samAja meM ziva kI upAsanA ko adhika mAnyatA milI thI, kintu viSNu kI upAsanA karane vAle bhI aneka bhakta the, viSNu mandira kI yaha mUrti yahI siddha karatI hai / guptakAla meM to viSNu kI atyadhika upAsanA kI gayI thii| viSNu-loka kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane vAle devatA haiM / devatA hI kyoM anya sabhI devatAoM ke rAjA haiM / sIdhe tana kara khar3e ho jAte haiM / ve acche vastra aura AbhUSaNa pahanate haiM / apanI prajA ke rAjya para vIratApUrvaka zAsana karate haiM / yuddha meM unakA koI sAmanA nahIM kara sktaa| sudarzana cakra unake sAmrAjya kA lakSaNa hai / cakra ke hI dvArA una samasta duSTa zaktiyoM ko tahasa-nahasa kara diyA jAtA hai jo viSNu ke sAmrAjya para AkramaNa karane kA sAhasa kreN| unake hAtha kA zaMkha vijaya kI ghoSaNA karane vAlA hai| gadA zAsana ke daNDa kA kArya karatI hai| rAjya kI koI Antarika zakti kabhI rAjA ke viparIta kArya nahIM kara sktii| eka hAtha meM kamala isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki prajA meM dhanadhAnya sampannatA aura Ananda kI vRddhi ho / padmAvatI para gupta sAmrAjya kI sthApanA ho cukI thii| prajA meM viSNu ke prati atyadhika AsthA jaga cukI thii| samudragupta ne viSNu kI upAsanA rAjasI devatA ke rUpa meM kI thii| viSNu ke prati usakI bhakti ko dekha kara aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki jaise svayaM usakA vyaktitva hI viSNu meM vilIna ho gayA ho| yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jitanI zraddhA rAjA kI viSNu meM rahI hogI, usase kama prajA meM bhI na hogI / viSNu kI bhakti na kevala tatkAlIna dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika cintanazIla samAja kA citra prastuta karatI hai varan yaha For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 51 tatkAlIna samAja kI sukha aura saurabha sampannatA kI bhI sUcaka hai / jisa kAla meM padmAvatI meM viSNu kI upAsanA kI jAtI thI usa kAla meM yaha rAjya sukha aura samRddhi se pUrNa rahA hogA, aisA anumAna lagAnA anucita na hogaa| viSNu kI upAsanA tatkAlIna samAja ke uccakoTi ke Adhyatmika cintana kI sUcaka hai / 4.8 nAga rAjA kI mUrti pavAyA meM prApta nAga rAjA kI mUrti bahuta adhika khaNDita ho cukI hai| yahA~ taka ki na isake hAtha haiM, na pA~va aura na mukha / kintu kalA kI dRSTi se isa mUrti kA mUlya ukta viSNu kI mUrti se bhI adhika hai / sarpa jo mUrti ke sira para phana phaharAye hue hai vikhaMDitaprAya ho cukA hai| anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki isa mUrti ke kAnoM meM kuNDala hoMge, jinake cihna abhI taka aMkita haiN| usake gale ke hAra kA bhI nizAna banA huA hai| kamara meM bhalI bhA~ti kasA huA kaTivastra suzobhita hai / bhavya sAja-sajjA aura vezabhUSA se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mUrti kisI nAga rAjA kI hI honI caahie| phira sarpa kI upasthiti isa tathya ko pramANita kara detI hai / nAga rAjA kI mUrti ke sthApita karane kA eka kAraNa yaha rahA hogA ki isa rAjA ne mandira banavAne ke lie rAjyakoSa se kucha dAna diyA hogA / anya bAteM to sahaja anumAna para hI AdhArita haiM, kintu mUrtikalA tatkAlIna samAja meM kisa sImA ko chU rahI thI, yaha socane kI bAta hai / kalAkAroM meM mUrtikalA ke lie kitane tyAga kI bhAvanA vidyamAna thii| ve kalA ke kaise upAsaka rahe hoMge, yaha tathya Aja bhI kautUhalapUrNa hai| rAjA ke viSaya meM rASTrakavi zrI maithilIzaraNa kA kathana hai : "rAjA prajA kA pAtra hai, . vaha loka pratinidhi mAtra hai, yadi vaha prajA-pAlaka nahIM to tyAjya hai|" ina paMktiyoM kI sArthakatA yadi kahIM dekhanI ho to nAga rAjA kI isa pratimA ke sAtha / kevala prajA-pAlaka aura lokapriya rAjA ko hI sAmAjika pratiSThA milatI thii| kalAkAra bhI lokapriya rAjA kI mUrti banA kara use sammAnita karate the / jisa rAjA ne samAja ke sAtha-sAtha kalAkAra ke hRdaya ko bhI jIta liyA ho vaha lokapriya to honA hI cAhie, isake atirikta bhI usameM katipaya aise guNa hoMge, jo jana-mana ko AkarSita kara leM / yadyapi padmAvatI ke isa rAjA kI kIrti Aja taka vidyamAna hai, kintu kamI kevala isI bAta kI hai ki usake nAma kA bodha nahIM / prAcInatA ke garta meM nAma to eka bAra ke lie bhulAyA bhI jA sakatA hai, kintu apane vaMza ko vaha rAjA Aja bhI ujAgara kara rahA hai ki vaha nAgavaMzIya thaa| rAjasiMhAsana kI surakSA karane vAlA sarpa Aja bhI usa vaMza kI rkItipatAkA phaharA rahA hai / sarpa ke cihna to sikkoM para bhI aMkita haiM, isI se unake nAgavaMzIya hone kA paricaya milatA hai| isa prakAra isa rAjI ke viSaya ma do bAto kI nizcayapUrvaka For Private and Personal Use Only

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52 : padmAvatI kahA jA sakatA hai, pahalI bAta yaha ki vaha nAgavaMzIya rAjA thA, aura dUsarI bAta yaha ki vaha eka lokapriya zAsaka thaa| 4.6 suvarNa bindu zivaliMga siMdha aura mahuara nadI ke saMgama para pavAyA se lagabhaga do mIla pUrva meM eka cabUtare para zivaliMga milA hai / 'mAlatI mAdhava' nATaka meM ise suvarNa bindu zivaliMga kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| cabUtarA to patthara tathA cUne gAre kA banA huA hai, kintu usameM IMTa bhI kisI mAtrA meM milAI gayI hai / isakI U~cAI do sIr3hiyoM bhara kI hai / cabUtare kI lambAI 10 phUTa aura caur3AI 16 phuTa hai| zivaliMga bahuta prAcInakAlIna pratIta hotA hai| isa cabUtare ke nIce hI nIce eka mA~ aura beTe kI mUrtiyoM ke nimna bhAga haiM / bAlaka eka maMca para baiThA hai / strI ke valaya aura pAyala ko dekha kara yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa guptakAla ke anta meM kabhI huA hogaa| cabUtare para pradhAna rUpa se suvarNa bindu arthAta ziva sthApita haiM / sambhava hai yaha cabUtarA bAda meM banAyA gayA ho / kintu isa bAta ko mAnanA hogA ki kisI-na-kisI prAcIna smAraka kA bodha avazya karAtA hai| 4.10 nAgoM ke rAjakIya cihna gaMgA aura yamunA nAgoM ne kaI rAjakIya cihnoM kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / kaI cihnoM ne to dharma kA cogA pahana liyA aura pavitra bana gaye / inake sambandha meM mUrtikalA ke prayoga bhI prAyaH hote rahe / nAgakAlIna mUrtikalA ke kucha abhiprAya (moTipha) evaM alaMkaraNoM ne bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA / yahA~ taka ki kucha alaMkaraNa to paravartI mUrtikalA ke aMga hI bana gaye / isa prakAra ke upakaraNoM meM vizeSakara (ka) gaMgA, makaravAhinI gaMgA, jaisI ki udayagiri kI varAha mUrti ke donoM ora guptakAla meM banI, (kha) tAr3avRkSa, tathA (ga) nAgachatra kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| gaMgA to nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM kA rAjacihna bana hI gayI thii| nAgavaMzIya sikkoM para bhI gaMgA kI mUrti kalaza dhAraNa kiye hue dikhAyI detI hai / sikkoM ke atirikta apane ziva mandiroM ko sajAne meM bhI isakA upayoga kiyA gayA / guptoM ne bhI isa rUpa meM isakA upayoga kiyaa| jAnakhaTa ke abhilekhayukta eka mandira ke avazeSoM ko dekha kara isa bAta kI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai ki mandira ke dvAra ke Upara makaravAhinI gaMgA kI mUrti kA upayoga sajAne ke lie kiyA jAne lagA thA / madhyakAla taka ke hindU mandiroM meM gaMgA kA upayoga isa rUpa meM kiyA jAne lagA thaa| isake upayoga ke vikAsa kI kaI sIr3hiyA~ haiM / pahalepahala makaravAhinI gaMgA kI mUrti dvAra ke donoM ora eka hI rUpa meM banAyI jAtI thii| prArambha meM yaha dvAra kI caukhaTa ke donoM bAjuoM ke Upara kI ora banAyI jAtI thii| kahIM gaMgA kisI vRkSa kI vizeSakara phala vAle Ama kI DAlI pakar3e dikhAyI gayI / phira isameM eka parivartana aura AyA / aba ye donoM ora kI mUrtiyA~ bAjuoM kI ora A gayI aura eka ora kI makaravAhinI gaMgA dUsarI ora kI, kUrmavAhinI yamunA bana gayIM / udAharaNArtha-maMdasaura ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 53 ziva mandira ke dvAra kA prastara-zravaNa kI kAvar3a-gaMgA prArambha meM ziva mandiroM meM hI milatI hai, kintu Age cala kara eka anokhA hI vikAsa ho gayA aura paurANika gaMgA aura yamunA bana kara ye ziva mandira ke dvAra kI pavitratA kI rakSikAe~ bana gyiiN| kintu gaMgA aura yamunA ke pRthaka-pRthaka vAhanoM ke darzana sarvaprathama hameM udayagiri kI varAha mUrti ke donoM ora hote haiM-gaMgA-makara vAhinI aura ymunaa-kuurmvaahinii| yahIM se sambhavataH ye do deviyA~ banI hoMgI / bhArazivoM ne bhagavAna ziva kI nadI mAtA gaMgA kI pavitratA phira se sthApita kara dI thI aura usake svarUpa ko itanA nikhAra diyA thA ki Age cala kara guptoM aura vAkATakoM ne bhI use pavitra aura pApahAriNI samajha liyA thA / ve apane mandira ke dvAroM para use sthApita karane meM gaurava kA anubhava karate the| yaha eka pavitratA kA cihna samajhI jAtI thii| gaMgA kI isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ bhI prApta huI haiN| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne gaMgA kI prAcInatama mUrti jo patthara kI banI hai, jAnakhaTa nAmaka sthAna meM hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / isake bAda kI mUrti jo yamunA kI mUrti ke sAtha hai bhUmarA meM batAyI gayI hai| usake bAda kI mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM milatI haiM / inakA vivaraNa zrI kaniMghama ne 'purAtatvIya sarvekSaNa riporTa khaNDa 10' pRSTha 104 meM pA~caveM mandira ke antargata kiyA hai / batAyA gayA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM ke sira para pA~ca phana vAle nAga kI chAyA hai| ina mUrtiyoM kI sthiti pAkhoM ke nIce vAle bhAga meM hai| inakI tulanA samudragupta ke airana vAle viSNu mandira meM prApta mUrtiyoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne devagar3ha ke nAgachatra ko sarvazreSTha batalAyA hai, unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki usa prakAra kA nAgachatra anyatra upalabdha nhiiN| aba prazna isa bAta kA hai ki gaMgA aura yamunA ke sAtha nAgachatra kA kyA sambandha hai ? purANoM meM isake viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA / nadI sambandhI bhAvanA sambhavataH bhArazivoM ke samaya meM udita huI hogii| isI prakAra kI eka mUrti pravarasena ke sikke meM bhI milatI hai, jisake viSaya meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki yaha gaMgA kI honI cAhie / isa prasaMga se yaha bAta mAnanI hogI ki nAgoM ko nadiyoM se vizeSa lagAva thaa| tAr3a nAgakAlIna mUrtikalA kI eka anya dena hai-tAr3a vRkSa / nAgoM ke dvArA tAr3a vRkSa ke upayoga kA vivaraNa to anyatra bhI mila jAtA hai| mahAbhArata meM nAgoM ko tAladhvaja kahA gayA hai / tAr3a kA yaha rAja-cihna bhI kaI mudrAoM para pAyA jAtA hai / jAnakhaTa ke mandiroM ke avazeSoM meM tAr3a ke vRkSa ke astitva kA patA calatA hai| vahA~ tAr3a kI AkRti kA alaMkaraNa bhI milA hai / tAr3a-stambhazIrSa to padmAvatI aura vidizA donoM hI sthAnoM para mile haiM / ina donoM ko hI nAgavaMza kI rAjadhAniyA~ hone kA gaurava prApta ho cukA thaa| vidizA ke tAr3a-stambhazIrSa kI racanA apekSAkRta sarala hai| kintu padmAvatI ke tAr3a-stambhazIrSa meM alaMkaraNa adhika haiM / lagatA hai ye alaMkaraNa prArambha meM to nahIM hoMge, kintu kAlAntara meM A gaye hoNge| lagatA hai ki tAr3a ke isa prakAra ke upayoga kI nAgoM kI apanI hI kalpanA hogI, kyoMki tAr3a kA isa rUpa meM itanA adhika pracalana anyatra nahIM miltaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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54 : padmAvatI nAga-chatra nAga-chatra kA cihna vizeSa kara nAgoM kI mudrAoM para dekhane ko milegaa| nAgoM ne sarpa ko apane rAjakIya cihna ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA thA / nAga rAjAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI nAgachatra dekhane ko mila jAyagA / aisI kucha mUrtiyA~ phIrojapura vidizA meM prApta huI haiM jina para nAga-chatra ke cihna aMkita haiM / nAga devI-devatAoM kI pratimAoM kA nirmANa bhI vizeSa kara nAga-kAla meM huaa| nAgoM ke samaya meM padmAvatI aura mathurA meM vizAla mandira, mahala, maTha aura stUpa tathA anya imAratoM kA bhI nirmANa huA thaa| kintu nAga-chatra nAga-kAla kI hI dena hai| 4.11 buddha pratimA padmAvatI meM prApta mUrtiyoM meM buddha kI pratimA bhI milI hai / isase kevala yahI anumAna lagAyA jAyagA ki buddha dharma kA prabhAva anya sthAnoM ke samAna padmAvatI para bhI rahA hogA kintu isa pratimA kI caraNa caukI para jo akSara aMkita haiM unase zrI mo0 vA0 garde ne yaha anumAna lagAyA hai ki ye akSara IsA kI sAtavIM athavA AThavIM zatAbdI ke hone caahie| isase isa sambhAvanA ko bhI nahIM TAlA jA sakatA ki ye akSara hI nahIM varan svayaM yaha mUrti bhI bAda kI ho / taba phira yaha mAna kara calanA hogA ki buddha dharma kA prabhAva bahuta samaya bAda prArambha huA hogA / 4.12 tAr3a-stambha zIrSa padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM dUsarA mahatvapUrNa avazeSa hai-tAr3a-stambha zIrSa / mahAbhArata meM nAgoM ko tAr3adhvaja kahA gayA hai / nAgoM kI mudrAoM para bhI tAr3a kA rAjacihna pAyA jAtA hai / vIrasena nAga kA eka abhilekha jAnakhaTa meM pAyA gayA hai aura bhI kucha mandiroM meM aise cihna mile haiM jo nAgoM ke sAtha tAr3a-vRkSa ke sambandha ko sthApita karate haiN| ina avazeSoM meM eka tAr3a kI AkRti kA alaMkaraNa bhI milA hai| nAgoM kI padmAvatI se pUrva vidizA bhI rAjadhAnI raha cukI thii| kucha avazeSa vidizA meM bhI milate haiM aura donoM sthAnoM meM prApta avazeSoM kI tulanA karane para yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vidizA ke avazeSa prAcInatara haiM / donoM tAr3a stambha zIrSoM kI tulanA karane para yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki racanA kI saralatA vidizA ke stambha zIrSa meM hai, padmAvatI kA tAr3a-stambha zIrSa racanA meM kucha jaTila-sA pratIta hotA hai / padmAvatI ke stambha zIrSa ke nirmANa meM utkRSTatA kAlAntara meM A gayo hogI yaha anumAna sahaja meM hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ina tAr3a-stambha zIrSoM ke sthApita karane kA kauna-sA ucita sthAna cunA gayA aura usakA uddezya kyA ho sakatA hai ? ye prazna bhI kama mahatva ke nahIM haiN| eka sambhAvanA to isa bAta kI hai ki inheM mandiroM ke nikaTa sthApita kiyA gayA hogaa| dUsarI sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki nAgoM ne apane mandiroM ke sammukha yA usake nikaTa inakI sthApanA kI ho| dhArmika yaza-lAbha aura sAmAjika pratiSThA ke sAtha hI smAraka ke rUpa meM bhI inakA upayoga kiyA gayA hogaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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paMmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 55 yahA~ jisa tAr3a-stambha zIrSa kI carcA kI jA rahI hai vaha pavAyA athavA prAcIna padmAvatI para sthApita kiyA gayA thA / yaha pArvatI nadI ke uttarI taTa se kucha hI dUrI para arthAt pavAyA gA~va se lagabhaga eka mIla dUra uttara pazcima meM eka bar3e se IMToM ke TIle para kheta meM par3A milA thaa| yaha lambAkAra stambha aisA banAyA gayA hai ki UparI sire kI ora patalA hotA calA gayA hai / yaha tAr3a kI tIna pattiyoM se DhakA huA hai| UparI sire kI ora eka banda kalI tathA pattiyoM ke madhya jo khAlI sthAna hai usameM phaloM ke gucche haiN| inameM se Upara kI kalI tathA Upara ke pAta unnatonmukha haiN| nIce ke donoM patte natonmukha haiM / yaha stambha zIrSa bahuta kucha TUTa-phUTa gayA hai / jo aMza avazeSa raha gayA hai usakI kula lambAI pA~ca phITa tIna iMca hai| kalI kA nukIlA sirA, zera kA sira tathA stambha kA AdhAra-khaNDa khaNDita ho cuke haiM / zIrSa ke sAtha stambha honA cAhie isa bAta kA anumAna usa khA~ce se lagAyA jA sakatA hai jo abhI bhI vidyamAna hai| kintu abhI usa khaNDa kI khoja nahIM ho pAyI hai / sambhava hai ki yaha bhI pavAyA ke kisI kheta meM chipA par3A ho / bhUmarA ke mandira meM bhI tAr3a kI vilakSaNa AkRtiyA~ milI haiN| ye AkRtiyA~ nAgoM kI paramparAgata pravRttiyoM kI ora saMketa karatI haiM / padmAvatI kA tAr3a-stambha zIrSa isI bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai / bhUmarA meM tAr3a ke pUre ke pUre khambhe mile haiM jo tAr3oM ke vRkSoM ke rUpa meM gar3he gaye the / khambhoM kA yaha aisA rUpa hai jo aura kahIM nahIM milatA hai| ise nAga kalpanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| tAr3a ke pattoM kA upayoga sajAvaTa ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / isa sambandha meM yaha anumAna lagAnA to svAbhAvika pratIta nahIM hotA ki nAgoM ke rAjya meM tAr3avRkSa adhika ugate the / cAhe jo kAraNa ho nAgoM ne tAr3a-vRkSoM ko pavitra aura upayogI evaM kalyANakArI samajhA hogA / zrI mo0 bA0 gardai ke nirdezana meM usa TIle kI jAMca par3atAla kI gayI thI jahA~ yaha stambha zIrSa par3A milA thaa| sabase pahale to vahA~ eka choTA gaDDhA milaa| usa gaDDhe ke nIce eka cabUtarA milA jisakI cinAI cUne aura gAre se huI thii| TIle kA nicalA aMza pUrvavat banA huA hai / kintu usa TIle ke eka anya bhAga meM eka aura stambha zIrSa milA hai| yaha stambha zIrSa eka ora to bilkula sapATa hai kintu anya tIna ora nATe kada kA eka vyakti banAyA gayA hai, jo sambhavataH kIcaka hai / ina baune prANiyoM kI gardana meM hAra pahanAyA gayA hai| yaha guptakAla kI mUrtikalA kA namUnA jaisA pratIta hotA hai / zIrSa ke coTI vAle bhAga meM jo vezabhUSA pahanAyI gayI hai vaha kalA kA koI acchA namUnA nahIM pratIta hotI / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki zIrSa vAle isa sthAna para kabhI koI stUpa rahA ho athavA isa viSaya meM kisI mandira ke toraNa athavA usase sambaddha kisI stambha kI sambhAvanA ko bhI nahIM TAlA jA sktaa| 4.13 sUrya-stambha zIrSa veda 'tamaso mA jyotirgamayaH' kA svara alApate haiM kintu prakAza to bhagavAna sUrya se milatA hai / isI prakAza kI prApti ke lie padmAvatI meM sUrya-stambha zIrSa kI racanA kI jAtI hogii| padmAvatI meM prApta dvimukhI sUrya-stambha meM do mAnava mUrtiyoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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56 : padmAvatI jo eka-dUsare kI ora pITha kiye hue haiN| yaha stambha pavAyA nAmaka gAMva ke nikaTa eka kheta meM par3A milA thaa| sUrya-stambha kI donoM mUrtiyoM ke bIca meM eka cakra athavA prabhA maNDala banAyA gayA hai| yahI anumAna karanA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki yaha cakra athavA prabhA maNDala sUrya deva kA pratIka hogA / ye do mUrtiyA~ sUrya deva ke do pakSoM kA bodha karAtI haiM / eka prAtaHkAlIna sUryodaya kA dUsarI sAyaMkAlIna sUryAsta kaa| kintu kheda to isa bAta kA hai ki ina donoM stambha-zIrSoM, eka tAr3a-stambha zIrSa aura dUsare sUrya-stambha zIrSa ke stambhoM kI khoja nahIM kI jA skii| hA~, isa bAta kA pramANa milatA hai ki inameM stambha lage hue the, kyoMki unake TUTa jAne ke cihna abhI bhI bane hue haiM / sUrya-stambha zIrSa se yaha anumAna lagAnA hI adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai ki isa yuga meM sUrya ko devatA ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA hogaa| dvimukhI stambha-zIrSa jo sUrya-stambha zIrSa hai guptakAlona stambha para bhI mila jAtA hai jise airana para dekhA jA sakatA hai| mandasaura meM yazodharman ke aise hI stambha zIrSa prApta hue haiN| inameM se eka stambha kA dvimukhI sira to mila gayA hai / sUrya jJAna kA prakAza dene vAlA hai / rAjAoM ke dvArA bhI isa stambha-zIrSa kA upayoga isI lAbha kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hogaa| sUrya kI upAsanA sanAtana-dharma meM Adi kAla se calI A rahI thii| padmAvatI kA sUrya-stambha zIrSa bhI hindU-dharma ke isa pakSa ko pratibhAsita karatA hai| 4.14 nAgavaMzIya sikke yaha jAna kara Azcarya honA svAbhAvika hai ki padmAvatI ke isa utkhanana meM koI nAgavaMzIya sikkA nahIM milA / kintu isameM sandeha nahIM ki pavAyA ke nikaTa itanI adhika mAtrA meM sikke mile haiM ki nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM ne yahA~ rAjya kiyA thA, isa tathya ko hRdayaMgama karane meM koI kaThinAI hI nahIM raha jaatii| sikkoM kI prApti ke dvArA paurANika ullekha athavA anya aitihAsika pramANoM kI kevala puSTi hI nahIM hotI, ye svayaM apane meM pUrNa sAkSya haiM aura isa bAta ko bhalIbhA~ti siddha karate haiM ki isa sthAna ko rAjadhAnI banA kara nAgoM ne na kevala rAjya kiyA hogA varan isa rAjya kI koI apanI TakasAla hogI jahA~ sikkoM kI DhalAI hotI hogii| isase isa rAjya kI Arthika sthiti para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| yaha eka dhanadhAnya se sampanna rAjya honA cAhie / nAgavaMza ke rAjAoM ne apane sikkoM para apane-apane cihna aMkita kiye haiM, isase kisI sikke ke AdhAra para rAjA ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta karane meM sugamatA ho jAtI hai / gvAliyara ke saMgrahAlaya meM nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM ke ye sikke surakSita rUpa sa saMgRhIta haiM / gvAliyara kA saMgrahAlaya isa prakAra na kevala nAgavaMzIya sikke apitu padmAvatI se sambandhita aura bhI adhika sAmagrI ko surakSita rakhe hue hai| nAgavaMzIya sikkoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki ye AkAra meM apekSAkRta choTe hote haiM / sikke ke eka ora mudrA lekha aMkita hai jisameM rAjA kA paramparAgat vaMza kA nAma milatA hai| isase usa rAjA kI vaMza paramparA kA patA calatA hai| sikke ke dUsarI ora koI na koI pratIka cihna aMkita hotA hai| kucha sikke aise bhI mile haiM jinameM pratIka cihna donoM ora aMkita haiM tathA eka ora pratIka cihna ke sAtha-sAtha rAjA kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 57 paramparAgat vaMza nAma aMkita hai / mudrA lekha meM rAjA ke nAma se pUrva mahArAjA zrI athavA adhirAja zrI zabda bhI aMkita mile haiM / harihara trivedI ne kucha tAMbe ke sikke prakAzita kiye haiN| inake Upara eka ora chaha paMkhur3iyoM vAlA kamala banA huA hai, sAtha meM kacchapa, svastika, vRSazRMga tathA ujjayinI nAmaka cihna haiM / ye sikke padmAvatI kI TakasAla ke haiN| unakA mata hai ki padmAvatI meM ye IsA kI pahalI tathA dUsarI zatAbdI meM pracalita the / kintu unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki ye sikke nAga rAjAoM ke padmAvatI meM rAjya sthApanA karane ke pahale jArI kiye gaye the / unakI yaha dhAraNA sambhavata: isa AdhAra para hai ki nAga rAjAoM ne apane nija ke sikke bhI jArI kiye the, parantu yaha smaraNIya hai ki janapadoM ke ucchettA nAga rAjA nahIM, gupta samrAT the / padmAvatI kI TakasAla ke sikkoM kA ullekha zrI garde ne inakA sarvaprathama spaSTa rUpa se prakAzana kiyA hai| astitva kA pramANa milatA hai / ( pR0 379) (de0 pR0 34) mahodaya ne bhI kiyA thA, parantu trivedI ina sikkoM se padmAvatI janapada ke nAgavaMza ke kucha sikke briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM bhI haiM / ye sikke zeSadAta, rAmadAta aura zizucandradAta ke mAne jAte haiN| DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne ina sikkoM ko una para aMkita lipi ke AdhAra para IsA pUrva kI pahalI zatAbdI kA batAyA hai / unake anusAra zeSadAta, rAmadAta aura zizucandradAta rAjA hI kramazaH zeSanAga, rAmacandra aura zizunandI ke nAma se hita kiye jAte haiM / ina rAjAoM ke paraspara sambaddha hone kA eka mAtra kAraNa inake sikke hI haiM / isa sambandha meM eka anya bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai / vIrasena ke sikke tathA ukta tInoM rAjAoM ke sikkoM meM samAnatA hai / vIrasena ke jina do sikkoM kA ullekha pro0 raipsana evaM janarala kaniMghama ne kiyA hai, usase siddha hotA hai ki vIrasena nAgavaMzIya rAjA thA / pro0 raMpsana dvArA ullikhita sikke meM eka ora rAjasiMhAsana kA citra aMkita hai jisa para eka strI AsIna hai / isa strI ke hAtha meM ghar3A hai| anumAnataH yaha strI gaMgA hoMgI / rAjasiMhAsana ke pIche khar3e nAga kA citra aMkita hai| janarala kaniMghama vAle sikke meM bhI khar3e nAga kA citra aMkita hai / isa citra meM eka puruSa kA citra banA hai / nAga ke citra se yaha kaha sakanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai ki yaha nAgavaMza kA sikkA hai aura vIrasena nAga hai / ukta cAra rAjAoM ke atirikta uttamadAta, puruSadAta, kAmadAta aura zivadAta ke bhI sikke mile haiN| eka sikkA jise pro0 repsana ne madatta par3hA, DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne bhavadAta par3hA hai| purANoM meM zivanandI kA ullekha nahIM huA hai kintu pavAyA ke sambandha meM prApta zilAlekha meM zivanandI kA ullekha hai, sikke meM zivadAta aMkita hai| isase lagatA hai ki yaha zivanandI zivadAta hI hogA kyoMki nandI bhI nAgavaMzIya cihna hai, nAgoM ke sikkoM para nandI athavA vRSa, nAga athavA sA~pa aura trizUla ke cihna bhI aMkita milate haiN| zivanandI padmAvatI kA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rAjA thA / dAta zabda mUlataH dAtA ke artha meM prayukta huA hogA / yaha rAjAoM kI udAratA kA 1. aMdhakAra yugIna bhArata, pRSTha 16-66 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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58 : padmAvatI sUcaka hai| ye rAjA bali car3hAne vAle the evaM prajA-pAlaka the / sikkoM meM aMkita dAta zabda nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM ke isI guNa ko dyotita karatA hai / bhAraziva rAjAoM kA kauzAmbI kI TakasAla kA eka aisA sikkA milA hai jisake viSaya meM itihAsakAra aura mudrAzAstra ke jJAtA eka mata nahIM ho pAye haiN| isa sikke meM prAcIna lipi meM kucha aMkita hai, isake viSaya meM matabheda hai / yaha 'deva' aura 'navasa' do rUpoM meM par3hA gayA hai| ina akSaroM ke Upara eka nAga yA sAMpa kA cihna aMkita hai jo phana phaharAye hue hai| yaha navanAga kA sikkA batAyA jAtA hai / sikke para aMkita tAr3a kA cihna eka dUsarA pramANa hai jo yaha siddha karatA hai ki yaha nAgavaMza kA sikkA hogA / tAr3a kA cihna to nAgoM ke anya smRti cihna para aMkita cihna se bhI mela khAtA hai / inameM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhya hai-tAr3astambha zIrSa / abhI taka isa viSaya meM nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha rAjA jisake sikkoM ke prasAra kA kSetra itanA vizAla hai kauna rAjA thA ? rAjA kA nAma kucha bhI ho, itanA nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha prabhAvazAlI rAjA hogA / isake sikkoM ko DaoN0 vinseTa smitha ne 'anizcita rAjAoM ke sikkoM' ke varga meM rakhA hai| isake sikkoM kA sambandha nAga sikkoM se sthApita hotA hai| kauzAmbI ke sikke bhAraziva rAjAoM ke sikke haiM / purANoM meM ina rAjAoM ko navanAga yA navanAka vaMzIya batAyA hai| bhAraziva inhIM nAgavaMzIya rAjAoM kI rAjakIya upAdhi thii| ina bhAraziva rAjAoM ke sikkoM kI lipi kI tulanA huvizka vAsudeva ke sikkoM ke akSaroM se kI jA sakatI hai / isake AdhAra para ye donoM samakAlIna siddha hote haiN| vIrasena ke sikke jo adhikAMzataH uttara bhArata aura paMjAba meM mile haiM, aise sikke haiM jina para padmAvatI ke nAgoM kA suparicita smRti cihna tAr3a-vRkSa aMkita milatA hai / ye sikke prAya: caukora aura AkAra meM apekSAkRta choTe hote haiM / ina sikkoM para sAmane tAr3a kA vRkSa hotA hai aura pIche siMhAsana para baiThI huI mUrti hotI hai jisake viSaya meM pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki yaha mUrti gaMgA kI hotI hai| zrI kaniMghama ne bhAraziva ke eka anya prakAra ke sikke kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM eka vyakti ko mUrti hai| yaha vyakti baiThA huA dikhAyA gayA hai / vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki yaha vyakti khar3e hue nAga ko hAtha meM liye hue hai| pro0 raipsana ne isI rAjA ke eka aise sikke kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM eka aisI strI kI mUrti hai jo siMhAsana para chatra dhAraNa kiye hue baiThI huI hai| isameM siMhAsana se nIce vAle bhAga se nAga chatra taka gayA hai / isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki nAga chatra kI rakSA kara rahA hai / strI kI mUrti to gaMgA kI hI pratIta hotI hai| isameM tAr3a kA vRkSa bhI banAyA gayA hai aura navanAgoM ke sikkoM para jisa prakAra samaya diyA gayA hai vaisA hI isameM bhI diyA gayA hai / kaniMghama ne isa sikke ko ahicchatra kI TakasAla meM DhalA huA mAnA hai| isI prakAra kA eka sikkA padmAvatI kI TakasAla meM bhI DhalA huA batAyA gayA hai jisa para 'mahArAja va 1. janarala kaniMghama kRta-kaoNinasa oNva ainziyenTa iNDiyA pleTa 8, kramAMka 18 / 2. pro0 raipsana kRta--jarnala raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, san 1600, pRSTha 67 ke sAmane vAlI pleTa, kramAMka 15 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke dhvaMsAvazeSa : 56 (vi)' likhA huA hai / isa para mora kA citra bhI hai| mora ko vIrasena athavA mahAsena devatA kA vAhana batAyA gayA hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne ina sikkoM ke AdhAra para yaha pariNAma nikAlA hai ki ye sabhI sikke hindU sikkoM ke DhaMga ke haiN| isase lagatA hai vIrasena ne kuSANoM ke DhaMga ke sikkoM kA parityAga karake hindU DhaMga ke sikke banavAye the / vIrasena ke sikkoM kA bhAraziva rAjAoM ke sikkoM se ghaniSTha sambandha hai / bhavanAga ke sikkoM ke AdhAra para DaoN0 jAyasavAla isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki bhavanAga se pUrva usake vaMza meM kaI anya rAjA rAja kara cuke the| sikkoM se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki inakA vaMza AgarA va avadha ke saMyukta prAntoM meM rAja karatA thaa| isakA kAraNa unhoMne batAyA hai ki ina sthAnoM para usake bahuta adhika sikke nikale haiN| ina rAjAoM kI kauzAmbI meM eka vizeSa TakasAla rahI hogii| padmAvatI meM jo navanAgoM ke sikke bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM mile haiM aura jo gvAliyara ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSApUrvaka rakhe haiM, unake atirikta kalakatte ke bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya meM bhI kucha sikke saMgRhIta haiN| saMgrahAlaya ke dasaveM vibhAga ke cauthe upa-vibhAga meM sikkoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai / ina sikkoM para vicAra karane para inake kucha vizeSa lakSaNa prApta hote haiM : ina sikkoM meM se kucha para kaThaghare meM pAMca zAkhAoM vAlA vRkSa milatA hai / ye sabhI eka hI varga ke haiM aura unake viSaya meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki una para samaya yA saMvat diyA huA hai / DaoN0 smitha ne eka sikke para traya nAgasa par3hA thaa| isa sikke para bhI vahI vRkSa aMkita hai| isameM 'tra' kaThaghare ke nIce vAle bhAga se prArambha hotA hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne isa 'tra' se pUrva kisI anya akSara kI sambhAvanA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| kintu yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| DaoN. smitha ne nAgasa zabda diyA hai kintu DaoN0 jAyasavAla kA mata hai ki yaha nAgasa na ho kara nAgasya hai| pIche kI ora zera ke Upara sUrya aura candramA aMkita haiM / eka sikke para caraja likhA huA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sikkA caraja nAga kA hogA / usake rAjagaddI para baiThane kA saMvat 22 diyA huA hai / inameM se eka sikke para hayanAgaza likhA milA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki yaha sikkA hayanAga kA honA cAhie / pIche kI ora vAle hisse meM DaoN. smitha ne Upara vAle cihna ko tra par3hA thA aura nIce vAle cihna ko 'ba' par3hA thaa| kintu DaoN0 jAyasavAla kA saMketa hai ki ye donoM arthAt 'ba' aura 'tra' mila kara sA~Da kA cihna banate haiM / isa sAMDa ke nIce koI akSara nahIM haiM / pIche kI ora kA lekha isa prakAra hai-zrI hayanAgaza-30 / padmAvatI ke nAgakAlIna sikkoM ke viSaya meM DaoN0 alTekara kI yaha dhAraNA sahI hai ki bhArazivoM ke ye sikke tA~be ke bane hue haiM aura mAlavoM ke sikkoM kI bhA~ti bhAra meM halake aura AkAra meM choTe hote haiM, inake eka ora to koI AkhyAna aMkita hotA hai aura dUsarI ora mayUra, trizUla, sA~r3a yA nandI kA cihna aMkita hotA hai / ina sikkoM se vizeSa kara zivatva kI jhalaka kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM mila hI jAtI hai| nAgakAlIna rAjAoM kA 1. kaniMghama kRta-kaoNinsa oNva miDiyavala iNDiyA, pleTa 2, citra saMkhyA 13,14 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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60 : padmAvatI rAjadharma bhI aisA hI honA cAhie jisake dvArA kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM zivatva kI jhalaka mila jAtI ho / samasta nAga rAjAoM meM gaNapati nAga ke sikkoM kA adhika vistAra rahA / nAgavaMzIya ina sikkoM kA bhAra 18 grena se lekara 36 grena taka milatA hai|' 1. (di vAkATaka gupta eja-pRSTha 300) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya pAMca padmAvatI kA vAstu-zilpa 5.1 prAcIna iMTeM __aneka sthAnoM para pavAyA ke ati nikaTa aura kucha dUrI para jamIna meM dabe hue prAcIna IMToM ke Tukar3e mile haiN| isake sAtha hI kaI sthAnoM para jamIna meM dabI huI IMTa kI dIvAroM ke avazeSa taka mile haiN| ina prAcIna IMToM kA upayoga to nikaTavartI gAMvoM ke loga bahuta samaya se karate A rahe haiM / Asa-pAsa ke kaI gAMvoM meM purAnI IMTeM milI haiN| jina gA~voM meM ye IMTeM sarvAdhika mAtrA meM pahuMcI haiM-ve gA~va haiM, pA~corA aura chidorii| kahane ke lie to ye donoM gA~va nadI ke dUsarI ora haiM kintu IMTeM nadI pAra kara ke pahu~ca gyiiN| ina gAMvoM ke atirikta pavAyA ke vartamAna kile meM bhI isa pracIna sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi pavAyA kA vartamAna kilA itanA prAcIna nahIM jitane anya avazeSa / kilA muslima yuga meM banA pratIta hotA hai kintu usameM una prAcIna IMToM kA upayoga avazya kiyA gayA hai| prAcInatA kA yaha RNa usake Upara Aja bhI car3hA huA hai / ina IMToM ke dvArA hI aneka zatAbdiyoM pUrva nirmita prAcIna kAla ke aneka nirmANa kAryoM kI jhAMkI mila jAtI hai jinheM tor3a kara ina IMToM ko prApta kiyA gayA hogaa| 'khaNDahara batA rahe haiM imArata bulanda thI' vAlI ukti padmAvatI ke viSaya meM pUrNarUpeNa caritArtha hotI hai| pavAyA, pA~corA aura chitorI gA~voM meM jina prAcIna iMToM ke namUne mile haiM ve ina tInoM sthAnoM para eka hI prakAra ke haiN| ina prAcIna IMToM kA AkAra bhI bar3A hai| inakI lambAI 16 iMca, caur3AI 10 iMca aura moTAI 3 iMca haiN| Aja jisa AkAra kI navIna IMTeM bana rahI haiM ye prAcIna iMTeM unase kaI gunI haiM / kintu ina prAcIna IMToM kA AkAra eka hI hai| isase yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki ye kisI-na-kisI sA~ce kI banI hoMgI, jisakA AkAra samAna rahA hogaa| 5.2 padmAvatI kA durga abhI Upara padmAvatI ke aise avazeSoM kI carcA kI gayI hai jinakA samaya IsavI kI prathama athavA dvitIya zatAbdI se le kara sAtavIM athavA AThavIM zatAbdI taka kA ThaharatA hai / kintu kucha avazeSa isa kAla ke bAda ke bhI haiN| inameM se vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya to vaha kilA hai jisakA ghATa patthara kA banA huA hai aura jo nadI ke kinAre banAyA gayA thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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62 : padmAvatI isake nirmANa kA sthala hai siMdha aura pArvatI nadI kA saMgama / eka anuzruti ke anusAra isa kile ko rAjA punnapAla ke dvArA banAyA huA batAyA gayA hai / yaha paramAra vaMza kA rAjA thaa| kintu yaha durga jisa rUpa meM Aja dikhAI de rahA hai use usa rUpa meM naravara ke kachavAhA rAjA ne banavAyA thaa| yaha kachavAhA rAjA svataMtra zAsaka nahIM thA, apitu dillI zAsana kA karadAtA rAjA thaa| isa kile meM kahIM-kahIM para aisI IMToM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai jo kisI anya sthAna se khodI gayI pratIta hotI haiN| inakI cinAI cUne se huI hai| prAcInatA kA kevala itanA hI RNa isa kile para hai ki isameM kucha sAmagrI purAnI avazya hai / yaha dhvasta durga lagabhaga cAlIsa ekar3a kSetraphala ghere hue hai / isake uttara-pazcima kone para eka praveza dvAra hai tathA eka choTA-sA daravAjA dakSiNa-pUrvI kone para bhI hai| yahIM se tanika pIche kI ora cala kara patthara kA ghATa dRSTigocara hotA hai / aba to kile kA adhikAMza bhAga jaMgala meM parivartita ho cukA hai aura khaNDahara mAtra hI zeSa raha gaye haiN| usakA prAsAda khaNDa to pUrNa rUpa se naSTa hI ho cukA hai / jo kucha bhAga rahA bhI hai vaha bhI dhIre-dhIre naSTa hotA jA rahA hai kyoMki usakI rakSA kA koI upAya nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| 5.3 dhUmezvara mahAdeva kA mandira ___ smArakoM ke isa prasaMga meM dhUmezvara mahAdeva ke mandira kA ullekha bhI samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / yaha smAraka pavAyA se lagabhaga do mIla uttara-pazcima meM hai| ise dhUmezvara mahAdeva ke mandira ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / siMdha nadI meM jo jala-prapAta hai jisakA ullekha bhavabhUti ne apane nATaka 'mAlatI-mAdhava' meM kiyA hai, yaha mandira usa jala-prapAta ke atyanta nikaTa hI hai / patthara, IMTa, gAre aura cUne meM banI huI yaha imArata dekhane meM bar3I bhavya pratIta hotI hai / Aja yaha ekAMta meM hai, aura isake darzana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA atyanta sImita ho gayI hai, kintu kisI samaya isake darzakoM kI saMkhyA vizAla rahI hogii| yaha mandira sthiti kI dRSTi se bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai / patthara ke eka U~ce cabUtare para bane hue isa mandira kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake tInoM ora sIr3hiyA~ haiN| jinakA Azaya yahI rahA hogA ki darzaka kisI bhI ora se jA kara bhagavAna ke darzana kara sakeM / ye sIr3hiyAM bar3I sApha-sutharI aura acchI banAyo gayI thoM / isa mandira kA mukha pUrva kI ora hai, jisase prasphuTita hote hI sUrya bhagavAna kI kiraNeM andara taka praveza kara sakeM / mandira meM puNyAgAra, antarAla, sabhAmaNDapa aura dvAramaNDapa sabhI kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai / sabhAmaNDapa do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai, eka mukhya baiThane kA sthAna evaM dUsare khaNDa ke do pArzva ho gaye haiM / yaha do maMjilI imArata hai jisameM Upara gumbada hai| koSTha-chatra ko bhalI prakAra sajAyA gayA hai tathA Dyor3hI baMgAla zailI kI chatavAlI hai| yaha mandira lagabhaga tIna zatAbdI pUrva kA honA caahie| kahA jAtA hai ki ise or3achA ke bundelA rAjapramukha vIrasiMha deva ne banavAyA thaa| vIrasiMha deva ne jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM rAjya kiyA hai / siMdha nadI ke jala-prapAta se Upara cala kara eka anya smAraka hai jisakA nAma naucaMkI batAyA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha imArata dillI ke zAsaka pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke samaya kI hai / kintu isake racanA kauzala se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa smAraka ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kA vAstu-zilpa : 63 racanAkAla aura dhUmezvara mahAdeva ke mandira ke racanA kAla meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM honA caahie| 5.4 padmAvatI kA viSNu mandira padmAvatI meM jitane avazeSa aba taka mile haiM una saba meM kisI nAga rAjA dvArA banavAyA huA viSNu mandira vizeSa mahatva kA hai| yaha mandira tatkAlIna sAmAjika itihAsa ke kaI chipe hue tathyoM ko pragaTa karatA hai, sAtha hI usa sAmAjika dharma-sAdhanA kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai jo usa samAja meM avicchinna rUpa se pracalita rahI hogii| isa mandira ke anAvaraNa se jo prazna khar3e ho gaye haiM unakI itihAsakAroM ne vistArapUrvaka carcA kI hai / 1 yaha mandira Aja taka kisa rUpa meM surakSita raha pAyA yaha bhI bar3e kautUhala kI bAta hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa rAjA ne padmAvatI ko jItA hogA usane hI isa viSNu mandira ko isa prakAra se chipAne kI vyavasthA kI hogii| kintu abhI taka isa bAta kI jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI hai ki prAcIna mandira ko navIna nirmANa ke andara dabA dene kA kAraNa kyA thA ? yaha nirmANa mUlataH do vizAla cabUtaroM ke rUpa meM thA jo eka ke Upara eka the| donoM cabUtare vargAkAra AkRti ke haiM / donoM cabUtaroM meM cUMki kevala itanA antara hai ki Upara ke cabUtare kI lambAI 53 phuTa tathA nIce ke cabUtare kI lambAI 63 phuTa hai| jaba taka utkhanana kArya pUrNarUpeNa sampanna nahIM ho jAtA taba taka isa mandira tathA anya nirmANa ke viSaya meM nirNAyaka vicAra banA pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| kintu upalabdha sAkSya ke AdhAra para itanA to saralatApUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka pUrvakAlIna nirmANa vidyamAna thaa| kAlAntara meM usake Upara eka cabUtarA aura jor3a diyA gayA jisakA AkAra usase bar3A thA / yaha navIna cabUtarA lambAI meM 143 phuTa tathA caur3AI meM 140 phuTa thaa| isameM naye cabUtare ke jor3a dene kA pradhAna kAraNa kyA rahA hogA yaha nisaMdigdha rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isa viSaya meM kaI sambhAvanAe~ haiM / pahalI aura bar3I sarala-sI sambhAvanA to yahI pratIta hotI hai ki isa naye cabUtare ko kevala vistAra meM vRddhi karane ke lie jor3a diyA gayA ho / kintu isa prakAra kA niSkarSa nikAlane meM kevala eka hI kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai / vaha yaha ki prAcInatara aura nIce vAlA cabUtarA alaMkRta thA kintu bAda meM jor3A gayA cabUtarA nitAnta sAdA hai| eka sambhAvanA yaha bhI lagatI hai ki isa naye ghere ko nirmANa ke lie Avazyaka samajhA gayA ho / kintu aise spaSTa lakSaNa dRNTigocara nahIM hote jinake dvArA yaha siddha ho ki vAstava meM nirmANa kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI gayI hogii| isakA eka kAraNa aura bhI hai ki bIca vAle cabUtare kA koI bhAga TUTA-phUTA athavA nikalA huA nahIM thaa| 1. zrI mo0 bA0 garde-di sAiTa oNpha padmAvatI-bhArata kI purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa riporTa-san 1915-16 pRSTha 101-106 tathA madhya bhArata kA itihAsa pRSTha 600 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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64 : padmAvatI isa sambandha meM jo sambhAvanA adhika upayukta aura yuktisaMgata pratIta hotI hai vaha yaha hai ki vijetA zakti ke vijita zakti ke prati dhArmika athavA vaMzagata vidveza ke kAraNa paravartI cabUtare kA nirmANa karAyA gayA ho| dhArmika vidvezoM meM to bauddha aura hindU dharma ke paraspara virodhI hone ke pramANa milate haiM / kintu isa sambhAvanA ko adhika prazraya isalie nahIM mila pA rahA hai ki utkhanana kArya ke samaya bauddha dharma ke koI avazeSa nahIM mila pAye / yadi bauddha dharma kA adhika prabhAva padmAvatI para rahA hotA to kucha na kucha avazeSa to avazya hI milate / kintu aisA nahIM huaa| isa kAraNa bauddha dharma ke vidveza kA kAraNa upasthita nahIM hotaa| aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para eka tIsarI sambhAvanA ko adhika prazraya milA hai / padmAvatI para nAgavaMza ke bAda guptavaMza kA zAsana sthApita ho gayA thaa| samudragupta ne padmAvatI para adhikAra kiyA thaa| yaha bAta bhI mAnanI hogI ki nAgavaMzIya kalA guptakAlIna kalA se kahIM zreSThatara aura AkarSaka thI / gupta zAsaka sambhavata: nAgoM kI isa zreSThatA ko sahana na kara sake hoM aura unakI zreSThatA para isa prakAra pardA DAla diyA ho / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki yaha kArya samudragupta ke samaya meM na kiyA gayA ho, kAlAntara meM pUrA kiyA gayA ho| isa mandira ke pAsa hI eka viSNu-pratimA kI prApti huI hai aura usI ke pAsa eka nAga rAjA kI mUrti bhI milI thii| ina samasta avazeSoM se yaha pariNAma nikAlA gayA hai ki yaha viSNu mandira padmAvatI ke nAga rAjAoM kA thA kyoMki nAga ziva ke upAsaka to the hI viSNu meM bhI unakI agAdha zraddhA thii| isa mandira kA UparI bhAga kisa prakAra kA banA huA thA yaha jAnane ke lie hamAre pAsa Aja koI bhI sAdhana nahIM hai / parantu isI mandira ke nikaTa lagabhaga 12 phuTa lambA toraNa prastara prApta huA hai / isake AdhAra para yaha saralatApUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina donoM cabUtaroM ke Upara koI manorama nirmANa rahA hogA jisameM patthara aura IMToM ke garbha-gRha pradakSiNApatha bane hue the| padmAvatI ke isa mandira ke pAsa hI aneka mRNmUrtiyA~ milI haiN| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM kA upayoga viSNu mandira kI dIvAroM ko sajAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hogA / yahIM para eka aisA stambha zIrSa bhI milA hai jo sambhavataH mandira ke kisI prAMgaNa meM dabA par3A hogA / isameM tAr3a vRkSa kI AkRti ke sAtha eka choTA-sA nandI bhI banA huA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki nAga rAjAoM kA yaha rAjacihna-yukta-stambha isI mandira meM sthApita kiyA gayA ho athavA pAsa hI kahIM nAgoM kI rAjasabhA ho, jise isa stambha ke dvArA sajAyA jAtA ho| padmAvatI kA yaha mandira apane mUla rUpa meM kaisA thA yaha anumAna lagAnA bar3A kaThina hai| isa prasaMga meM bhUmarA ke ziva mandira kA ullekha adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai, jisase padmAvatI ke viSNu mandira ke tatkAlIna svarUpa para katipaya prakAza par3atA hai / 5.5 bhUmarA kA ziva mandira padmAvatI ke viSNu mandira kI tulanA bhUmarA ke ziva mandira se karane se kucha navIna For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kA vAstu-zilpa : 65 tathyoM para prakAza par3atA hai| bhUmarA bhUtapUrva nAgoda rAjya ke UceharA gA~va se bAraha mIla pazcima kI ora hai| yahA~ eka prAcIna ziva mandira milA hai jo aba jarjarita avasthA meM hai / isa mandira kA nAma bhAkula ziva mandira batAyA gayA hai| bhAkula kA artha hotA hai bhAraziva nAgoM ke kula devtaa| isake nikaTa hI durehA nAmaka sthAna para eka stambha milA hai jisa para DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne 'vAkATakAnAma' par3hA thaa| isake Upara eka cakra banA huA hai| yaha cakra ho sakatA hai viSNu kA sudarzana cakra hI ho / bhUmarA ke dakSiNa meM khoha nAmaka eka sthAna aura hai / isa sthAna para ekamukha zivaliMga kI prApti huI hai, jo isI yuga kA pratIta hotA hai / bhUmarA se hI lagabhaga pandraha mIla kI dUrI para 'nacanA' athavA aitihAsika caNaka nAmaka eka sthAna aura hai jahA~ isI yuga kA eka ziva mandira milA hai aura eka zilAlekha kI prApti huI hai / ina avazeSoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yaha sthAna bhI padmAvatI ke bhArazivoM ke adhikAra meM rahA hogaa| usake bAda ise vAkATakoM kA saMrakSaNa milA aura anta meM yaha sthAna hI guptoM kI rAjya sImA banA hogaa| ___ aba isa mandira kI racanA para vicAra kiyA jAya / isameM eka garbhagRha hai jisakA kSetraphala 144 vargaphuTa hai / yaha vargAkAra hai / bIca meM 6 phuTa U~cA aura 3 phuTa vyAsa kA eka mukhaliMga sthApita kiyA gayA hai / isake mastaka ke tIsare netra aura alaMkaraNoM kI tulanA udayagiri kI vINA-guhA ke eka mukhaliMga ke alaMkaraNa se kI jA sakatI hai / garbhagRha ke cAroM ora pradakSiNApatha banA huA hai| isake sAmane eka sabhAmaNDapa thA jisakI lambAI ATha phuTa do iMca aura caur3AI pA~ca phuTa ATha iMca hai| sabhAmaNDapa ke donoM ora do choTe-choTe mandira aura bane hue haiN| isa sambandha meM jo bAta vizeSa mahatva kI hai, vaha hai, yahA~ ke mandira meM tAr3a-vRkSa ke tane ke dvAra stambha / sAtha hI tAr3a-vRkSa anya alaMkaraNoM meM upayoga meM AyA hai| tAr3a-vRkSa kA upayoga kevala nAgoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai anya kahIM bhI isakA upayoga nahIM miltaa| isa dRSTi se nizcaya hI ina nirmANoM kA sambandha nAgoM se kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM rahA hogaa| inake nirmANa kA samaya padmAvatI ke avazeSoM ke nirmANa ke samaya se mela khAtA hai / ina avazeSoM meM mUrtiyA~ bhI milI haiN| inakI tulanA vidizA meM prApta nAgakAlIna mUrtiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai / ataeva inakA nirmANa kAla vahI mAnanA hogA jo padmAvatI ke avazeSoM kA nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| bhArazivoM ke sAmrAjya ke vistAra kA spaSTa citra hamAre sAmane nahIM hai, phira bhI avazeSoM kI samAnatA se yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki padmAvatI ke viSNu-mandira aura bhUmarA ke ziva mandira meM eka kalAgata samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| isake atirikta rAjagRha ke nikaTa maNiyAra maTha meM bhI kucha avazeSa mile haiM, jinake viSaya meM yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki ye nAga rAjAoM ke hoNge| yahA~ viSNu, ziva aura gaNeza tIna devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| padmAvatI ke bhAraziva bhI viSNu ke upAsaka the, isa tathya ko nahIM bhulAyA jA sktaa| isake atirikta maNiyAra maTha meM strI-puruSoM kI kula aisI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jinake sira para nAga chatra hai / padmAvatI meM bhI isa prakAra ke nAga chatra mile haiN| isase padmAvatI ke nAga sAmrAjya kI vyApakatA kI eka jhA~kI mila jAtI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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66 : padmAvatI nAga zivopAsaka the| ziva kI aneka mUrtiyA~ mathurA meM bhI milI haiN| jina kuSANa zAsakoM ke sikkoM para nandI sahita ziva kI eka yA kaI mukha vAlI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM unameM vimakaiDaphAisisa, vAsudeva evaM kaniSka tRtIya ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| mathurA se kuSANakAlIna eka zivaliMga kI bhI prApti huI hai| zaka loga isakI pUjA karate rahe haiN| zivaliMga na kevala kuSANakAlIna apitu guptakAlIna bhI mile haiN| kisI-kisI mUrti meM ziva aura pArvatI ko nandI ke sahAre khar3A dikhAyA gayA hai / eka caturbhujI ziva kI mUrti bhI milI hai / eka anya mUrti meM ziva-pArvatI ko kailAza parvata para baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai| usake nIce rAvaNa kI mUrti hai jo pahAr3a ko uThA rahA hai / pahAr3a kA eka konA Upara uTha gayA hai| ziva aura pAvatI ke anya rUpa bhI ina mandiroM meM pAye jAte haiM, mathurA meM eka mUrti aisI milI hai jisameM ziva kruddha-bhAva meM dikhAye gaye haiN| yaha ziva kA raudra rUpa hai| isI mUti meM pArvatI ko bhayabhIta mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| kalA kI dRSTi se ye mUrtiyA~ atyanta utkRSTa bana par3I haiN| bhUmarA ke atirikta vindhya kSetra se guptakAlIna anya mandira bhI mile haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki madhyadeza meM ziva kI upAsanA kA kSetra bar3A vizAla thaa| ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI kI dena haiM / ina sabhI meM nAgoM, kuSANoM aura guptoM kA amiTa pramANa pratilakSita hotA hai| 5.6 muslima makabare itihAsa sAkSI hai ki pavAyA para madhyayuga meM muslima zAsakoM kA Adhipatya ho gayA thaa| madhyayugIna muslima zAsaka sikandara lodI ne gvAliyara, caMderI aura naravara ke sAtha-sAtha padmAvatI para bhI apanA Adhipatya jamA liyA thaa| yaha adhikAra use paramAroM se prApta huA thaa| muslima zAsakoM ne apanI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI chApa katipaya imAratoM ke rUpa meM padmAvatI para chor3I hai / muslima imAratoM kA apanA eka DhaMga hotA hai| imAratoM ke gumbadoM ke rUpa meM isakI pratIti eka sahaja kArya hai| masjida unakI dhArmika imArata hotI hai / jahA~ bhI musalamAnoM kI kucha imArateM hoMgI vahA~ eka na eka masjida avazya hogii| prAcInakAla meM to dharma kA pracAra kArya musalamAnoM ke dvArA itanI adhika mAtrA meM kiyA gayA ki hinduoM ke smArakoM ko naSTa karake unhoMne muslima imArateM bnvaayiiN| padmAvatI meM bhI jo makabare bane haiM unameM prAcIna IToM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / sambhava hai jahA~ Aja muslima makabare bane hae haiM vahA~ inase pahale koI hindU smAraka rahA ho / pavAyA se kucha hI dUrI para lagabhaga pA~ca makabare haiM jo Aja bhI madhya yuga kI kahAnI kaha rahe haiM / isI sthAna para eka masjida bhI hai / ina sabhI makabaroM meM purAnI IMTeM lagavAyI gayI haiM / ye cUne se cinI huI haiM / ye IMTeM to IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM kI banI pratIta hotI haiM / imAratoM ke gumbada mAtra hI madhyayugIna pramANa prastuta karate haiN| jaisA ki abhI kahA jA cukA hai padmAvatI ke viSaya meM yaha dhAraNA nirmUla nahIM hai ki musalamAnoM ne kaI prAcIna sundara imAratoM ko naSTa-bhraSTa karake apane ye makabare banavAye hoMge / kalA kA yaha 1. DaoN. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI-mathurA-pRSTha 31 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI kA vAstu-zilpa : 67 antara koI sAdhAraNa antara nahIM hai / donoM prakAra ke smArakoM kI tulanA karane para yaha yugAntarakArI parivartana sAmane A jAtA hai / kintu prakaTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM una sabhI vivaraNoM ko prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA jo isa sambandha meM abhI anumAnita hI haiM / yadi utkhanana kA kArya kiyA jAya to isa tathya kI puSTi vistArapUrvaka kI jA sakatI hai| prAcIna kAla se le kara arvAcIna kAla taka padmAvatI ne kalA kI dRSTi se kaI prakAra ke dina dekhe / nAgavaMzIya yuga kalA kI dRSTi se svarNa yuga thaa| isa yuga meM na kevala bhavyatama bhavanoM kA hI nirmANa huA thA apitu mUrtikalA kI bhI bahuta pragati huI thii| mRNmUrtiyoM ke aneka prakAra isa bAta kA pramANa haiM ki mUrtikalA apane ucca zikhara para pahuMca cukI thii| bhavanoM aura mandiroM kI dIvAroM ko sajAne ke anya upakaraNoM ke sAtha mRNmUrtiyoM kA bhI Azraya liyA jAtA thaa| itane U~ce-U~ce makAna banate the ki Aja bhI inake viSaya meM kalpanA karake bar3A kautUhala hotA hai / padmAvatI meM TakasAla thI, jahA~ sikke banA karate the aura jahA~ se anya sthAnoM ke vyApAriyoM kA AvAgamana banA rahatA thA / vaha eka aisA yuga thA jisameM kalA-kauzala kI to unnati huI hI thI, padmAvatI meM jJAna-vijJAna kI bhI bahuta pragati ho calI thii| prAcInakAlIna kalA kI tulanA meM navIna aura bAda vAle kArya atyanta nimna koTi ke pratIta hote haiN| yadyapi muslima bAdazAhoM meM kalA ke prati bar3I ruci thI jisakA paricaya unhoMne anya sthAnoM para diyA hai, kintu padmAvatI meM unhoMne koI aisA kArya nahIM kiyA jisakI prazaMsA kI jAya / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kAlAntara meM padmAvatI kA vaibhava kama hone lagA thA aura yahA~ kisI prakAra kA aisA ArkaSaNa nahIM bacA thA jisake kAraNa bar3e-bar3e bAdazAhoM kI dRSTi isa nagara para jaatii| yadyapi sthiti kI dRSTi se padmAvatI Aja bhI AkarSaka pratIta hotI hai, nadiyoM kA saMgama aura anya prAkRtika sthala kucha isa prakAra ke pratIta hote haiM ki Aja taka yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM A pAtI ki padmAvatI ke patana kA kyA kAraNa rahA hogaa| yadi dekhA jAya to jahA~ anya nagara jo nadiyoM ke taTa para athavA nadiyoM ke saMgama para base hue haiM Aja bhI vaise hI bane rahe kintu padmAvatI kA svarUpa itanA vikRta ho gayA ki Aja isake itihAsa kI kar3iyA~ hI nahIM jur3a pA rahI haiN| Aja isa bAta kI jAnakArI bhI bar3I kaThina ho gayI hai ki kina-kina zaktiyoM ne isa para zAsana kiyA aura unakA apanA kyA yogadAna rahA, isa nagara ke vaibhava ke dina kaise palaTe aura kisa prakAra khaNDaharoM meM badala gayA / Aja padmAvatI hI kyoM aneka aura bhI saMskRtiyA~ badala gayIM, prAcIna vaibhava cihna miTa gaye aura Aja unake viSaya meM bahuta kama jAnakArI milatI hai / isa sambandha meM eka bAta to sAmAnya rUpa se kahI jA sakatI hai ki vijetA zaktiyoM ne vijita zaktiyoM ke gaurava ko miTAne ke aneka prayoga kiye / unake itihAsa ko miTAne kA prayatna kiyaa| yahAM taka ki Adhunika yuga taka yaha kArya hotA rahA aura Aja prAcIna bhArata kI carmotkRSTa vaibhavazAlI saMskRti ke aneka avazeSa miTTI meM mila cuke haiM / padmAvatI bhI isa viSaya meM apavAda nhiiN| Aja usake gaurava kI smRti mAtra zeSa hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhyAya chaH padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 6.1 azvamedha yajJa padmAvatI ke zAsaka bhArazivoM ne kAzI meM dasa azvamedha yajJa karake usa sthAna kA nAma hI dazAzvamedha ghATa rkhaa| yaha mata DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne abhivyakta kiyA hai kintu DaoN0 dinezacandra sarakAra ise eka vicitra kalpanA mAtra mAnate haiM / kintu vAkATakoM ke dAna sambandhI tAmrapaTTa kA yaha ullekha 'dazAzvamedhavabhRtha-snAnam' 'bhArazivAnAm' arthAt una bhArazivoM kA, jinhoMne dasa azvamedha yajJa aura unake anta meM avabhRtha snAna kiye the yaha siddha karatA hai ki bhArazivoM ne dasa azvamedha yajJa kiye the / isake sAtha hI unhoMne gaMgA kI pavitratA ko samajhA thA aura use eka rAjakIya cihna mAna liyA thA / gaMgA ko rAjakIya cihna mAnanA aura sikkoM tathA mUrtiyoM ke dvArA isakA pracAra eka prakAra se dharma ke dvArA sAmrAjya ke vikAsa kI bAta siddha hotI hai / gaMgA ko apane parAkrama se prApta karane vAle bhAraziva rAjA hI the / zizunAga ne to pUrI gaMgA ko prApta kara liyA thA kintu yaha bhI saca hai ki navanAgoM ne use prayAga taka prApta kara liyA thA / nAgoM ke azvamedha yajJa ke sambandha meM sA~cI kI pahAr3I ke dakSiNa meM lagabhaga 12 phuTa lambe vizAlakAya eka pazu kI mUrti para apanI dRSTi kendrita kI jAye to yaha mUrti ghor3e kI-sI pratIta hotI hai / isake pAsa hI eka nAga rAjA kI bhI mUrti hai jo dekhane meM bar3I manorama pratIta hotI hai / kintu ina mUrtiyoM para koI abhilekha nahIM hai / isake atirikta kAzI meM bhI do patthara ke azva prApta huye the / inameM se eka nagavA meM thA aura dUsarA lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM calA gayA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sA~cI ke pASANazva kA sambandha bhI azvamedha se hI hogA / ukta tAmralekha kA ullekha bhI vizvazanIya pratIta hotA hai / azvamedha ke sambandha meM eka anya srota se bhI sUcanA milatI hai / DaoN0 harihara trivedI unake kathana ke anusAra isa sikke para eka ora ne eka nAga- mudrA kA prakAzana kiyA thaa| 1. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA - samvat 1984, pRSTha 226 / 2. vahI samvat 1685, pRSTha 1 / 3. dI jarnala oNpha nyUnismaiTika sosAyaTI oNpha iNDiyA mArca, For Private and Personal Use Only 1953 /

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padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA : 66 azva kI AkRti thI aura dUsarI ora unhoMne dharAja ska-par3hA thaa| unhoMne isa sambandha meM apanA mata vyakta kiyA thA ki yaha sikkA skanda nAga kA honA caahie| isa bAta se eka vizeSa dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai ki padmAvatI ke nAga rAjAoM meM se eka-na-eka aisA rAjA avazya huA jo azvamedhayAjI thaa| sA~cI ke nikaTa azva kI prastaramUrti banAnA usI kA kArya hogA / cammaka meM pravarasena dvitIya kA eka tAmrapatra milA hai jisake dvArA nAgoM ke sampradAya aura dharma ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI mila jAtI hai / vaise nAga dharma kA Azraya le kara cale the aura unake dharma ke sambandha meM koI do mata nahIM haiN| ve jahA~ bhI jAte the vahIM zivaliMga ko apane sAtha le jAyA karate the / padmAvatI meM bhI unhoMne zivaliMga kI sthApanA kara dI thii| ve gaMgA ko pavitra mAnate the| isa tatva kA nirUpaNa unake sikkoM ke dvArA bhI ho jAtA hai| nAgoM ke sikkoM ke anya cihna unheM ziva ke parama bhakta to ghoSita karate hI haiM kintu isake sAtha hI unhoMne viSNu kI upAsanA ko bhI pradhAnatA dii| unake sikkoM ke mayUra, trizUla, nandI tathA siMha unakI ziva-bhakti ke paricAyaka haiN| yahA~ eka prazna aura upasthita hotA hai / kyA nAga rAjA nAgapUjaka bhI the ? vaise nAga-chatra ko unhoMne apanI mudrAoM aura mUrtiyoM para sthAna diyA hai kintu nAga ziva ke gale kA hAra bana kara AyA hai jo ki unake ArAdhya the| Aja bhI hama arddhacandra ko ziva ke lalATa para suzobhita karate haiN| padmAvatI ke bhavanAga ne dvitIyA ke candra ko apanI mudrA ke cihna ke rUpa meM apanAyA / padmAvatI para svarNa bindu mahAdeva kA mandira milA hai| kintu usakI mUrti nahIM mila pAyI hai ataeva navanAgoM ke ziva kA kyA svarUpa thA isakI jAnakArI ke lie koI Thosa pramANa prApta nahIM hotaa| Upara ziva aura viSNu ke samanvaya ke sambandha meM likhA jA cukA hai| itanI bAta to nissandeha rUpa se kahI jA sakatI hai ki-ziva kA astra-trizUla thA aura viSNu the- cakrapANi yukta / aneka nAga rAjA jahA~ ziva ke bhakta the vahA~ viSNu meM bhI unakI bhakti kama nahIM thii| aise rAjAoM meM acyuta kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai jisane apanA nAma hI viSNu-bhaktisUcaka rakhA thaa| isake atirikta eka anya pramANa hai-sudarzana cakra jo kucha rAjAoM ke sikkoM para milatA hai| bhAraziva rAjA sUrya kI upAsanA karate the| isI kAraNa unhoMne sUrya-stambha zIrSoM kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| gaMgA meM bhI unakI agAdha bhakti thI, jisake pavitra jala se unhoMne avabhRtha snAna kiyA thA aura rAjagaddI para baiThe the| sAtha hI tAr3a-vRkSa ko bhI unhoMne pavitra sthAna de kara apane rAjacihna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA thA / vidizA aura padmAvatI donoM sthAnoM para sundara tAr3a-stambha zIrSa prApta hue haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kA dharma samanvayaparaka hai / bhArata ne Aja jisa dharma nirapekSatA ko apanAyA hai usakI kalpanA nAgoM ne bahuta pahale se kara lI thii| unhoMne jisa bhAratavyApI dharma kA sRjana kiyA thA, vaha Aja bhI akSuNNa banA huA hai| 6.2 nAgoM kI viSNu-pUjA kahane ke lie to nAga svayaM ko bhAraziva kahane meM vizeSa gaurava kA anubhava karate For Private and Personal Use Only

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70 : padmAvatI the aura isa prakAra ve kaTTara ziva matAvalambI the / kintu isa sambandha meM katipaya aisI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA jAyagA jisase yaha siddha hogA ki vidizA ke navanAgoM para bhAgavata dharma kI amiTa chApa thii| Upara isa bAta kA ullekha to kiyA hI jA cukA hai ki nAgoM ne azvamedha yajJa karane ke uparAnta hI padmAvatI jaisI rAjadhAnI ko prApta kiyA thaa| dUsarI bAta yaha ki unake sAtavAhanoM aura vAkATakoM ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha the| sAtavAhana bhAgavata dharmAvalambI the / ataeva nAgoM para isa dharma kA prabhAva par3anA svabhAvika thaa| IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM hameM dharma ke samanvayavAdI rUpa ke darzana hote haiM / nAgoM ne ziva aura viSNu ke samanvita svarUpa ko apanAyA thaa| isa vicAra ko prAthamika rUpa se poSaNa dene vAle granthoM meM mahAbhArata kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai| sthAna-sthAna para hameM isa bAta ke saMketa milate haiM ki zaiva aura vaiSNava upAsanAoM meM atyadhika samanvaya thaa| mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM deva senApati skanda ko 'vAsudeva priya' nAmaka saMjJA dI gayI hai| yaha isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki skanda zaiva aura vaiSNava donoM hI thaa| aura to aura vanaparva ke eka anya ullekha meM isa bAta kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA ki bhagavAna zaMkara svayaM viSNu aura vAsudeva kA stavana karate haiM / vAsudeva kRSNa mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM zaMkara kI upAsanA karate hue batAye gaye haiM / ve unase varadAna prApta karate haiM / eka anokhI bAta to yaha hai ki zAntiparva meM bhagavAna zaMkara svayaM isa bAta kI ghoSaNA karate haiM ki unameM aura viSNu meM koI bheda nahIM haiN| isI kAraNa kucha aise zabdoM kI racanA huI jo ziva aura viSNu donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se vyavahRta hote the| aise zabdoM meM sthANu, IzAna, rudra aura svayaM ziva bhI haiM jinakA artha ziva aura viSNu donoM kiyA gayA hai| bhISmaparva meM eka aisA prasaMga AtA hai jisameM kRSNa arjuna ko durgA kI ArAdhanA karane kA maMtra dete haiM tathA vanaparva meM arjuna pAzyat astra ke lie zaMkara kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| zaMkara, vAsudeva aura arjuna kI divyatA ko pratipAdita karate haiN| isa ullekha ke sAtha vizeSarUpa se mahatvapUrNa zabda to ve haiM jinameM viSNu svayaM zaMkara ko nirdezita karate haiN| unakA yaha kahanA ki jo Apako jAnatA hai vaha mujhe bhI jAnatA hai tathA jo ApakI upAsanA karatA hai vaha merI bhI upAsanA karatA hai / ye samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ke mUlamaMtra haiN| viSNu ke zrIvatsa ko ziva kA trizUla batAyA gyaa| yaha isa bAta kA Thosa pramANa hai ki ziva aura viSNu meM koI antara nahIM raha gayA thaa| isa yuga ke dharma kI AtmA ziva aura viSNu kI abhinnatA hI thii| udAharaNa ke lie zuMga zaiva bhI the aura bhAgavata bhI / isa samanvayavAda kI chApa sAhitya meM pratibimbita hotI hai| jaise ki 'mRcchakaTika' nATaka ke Arambha meM ziva kA stavana kiyA gayA hai kintu usake pA~caveM aMka ke prArambha meM kezava kA smaraNa milatA hai| kAlidAsa zaiva bhI the aura vaiSNava bhI isa bAta kA pramANa unakI racanAoM ke maMgalAcaraNa tathA 'raghuvaMza' aura 'meghadUta' evaM nATakoM kI kathAvastu se dhvanita hotA hai| sAtavAhanoM ke sambandha meM bhI yaha bAta AsAnI se kahI jA sakatI hai ki ve ziva aura viSNu donoM kI ArAdhanA karate the / svayaM vAkATaka jo ki kaTTarapaMthI zaiva the viSNu meM apanI AsthA pragaTa karate the| yaha bAta abhilekhoM ke dvArA bhI siddha For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA : 71 ho jAtI hai| nAgoM ke sambandha meM to yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakI AsthA ziva aura viSNu donoM meM thii| nAgoM ke abhilekha aura unake mudrA-cihnoM se bhI unakI AsthA kA bodha ho jAtA hai| ve bhAraziva hone ke sAtha-sAtha cakrapANI viSNu ke parama bhakta the / vaidika yuga ke prArambha se hI samanvayavAda kI yaha lahara daur3a rahI thii| kucha nAga rAjAoM kI mudrAoM para hameM cakra kA cihna milatA hai| yaha cakra viSNu ke sudarzana cakra ke atirikta aura kyA ho sakatA hai| viSNu mUlataH to sUrya haiN| padmAvatI meM viSNu ke mandira ke jo avazeSa mile haiM unameM viSNu kI pratimA sUryadhvaja tathA vahA~ ke toraNoM para aMkita paurANika kathAe~ isa bAta kA pramANa haiM ki nAga viSNu ke parama bhakta the / ziva ke nandI ko jo sthAna milA hai viSNu ke cakra ko bhI ThIka vaisA hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA hai| hameM yaha jAna kara Azcaryamaya prasannatA hotI hai ki Aja hamAre deza meM jisa samanvayavAda kI AvazyakatA hai nAgoM ne Aja se lagabhaga 1800 varSa pUrva usa samanvayavAda ke sahI svarUpa ko samajhA thA aura apanAyA thaa| inhoMne hindU dharma kI prANa-pratiSThA karane meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna diyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM navanAgoM ko hindU sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka mAna kara caleM to koI anucita bAta na hogii| isa yuga meM hinduoM para eka vizeSa saMkaTa A gayA thaa| zakoM ne hindutva ko naSTa karane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA aura unakI rASTrIyatA kI jar3a khoda ddaalii| unhoMne sAmAjika krAnti lAne kA bhI prayatna kiyaa| vAstava meM ve hindU rAjAoM kI sainika zakti se nahIM ghabarAte the, kyoMki usa para to unheM vijaya mila hI gayI thI kintu unheM hinduoM kI sAmAjika prathA se bahuta Dara lagatA thaa| ataeva ve janasAdhAraNa ko apane dharma meM dIkSita karanA cAhate the| ve dhana ke lobhI to the hI, hinduoM para abrAhmaNa dharma ko lAdane ke bhI unhoMne aneka prayatna kiye / kintu navanAgoM ke samanvayavAda ne unakI pUrNa rUpa se rakSA kI, aura dhArmika sadbhAvanA ke sambandha meM unheM pUrNa saphalatA milii| __ nAgoM ke samaya kI viSNu-mUrti mathurA meM milI hai| pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne inako kRSNakAlIna batAyA hai| ye aisI mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake viSaya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki aisI mUrtiyA~ bhArata meM anyatra nahIM miltii| inameM viSNu kI caturbhujI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / eka isI prakAra kI mUrti saMkhyA 633 ke viSaya meM unakA mata hai ki vaha kRSNakAlIna bodhisattva pratimAoM se milatI-julatI hai / isameM viSNu ke cAro hAthoM meM cAra prakAra ke guNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / eka hAtha abhaya mudrA meM, dUsare meM amRta ghaTa, tIsare meM gadA aura cauthe meM pdm| amRta ghaTa Ananda kI varSA karatA hai aura jIvanI zakti pradAna karatA hai / abhaya mudrA ke dvArA ve bhaktoM ko abhaya dAna dete haiM / gadA unake zAsana kA daNDa hai jisake dvArA ve duSTa zaktiyoM kA damana karate haiM / mathurA meM prApta viSNu kI eka anya mUrti kI tulanA bodhisattva maitreya se kI jA sakatI hai| isake atirikta viSNu kI do aSTabhujI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| ye bhI kuSANakAlIna pratIta hotI haiM, kintu ye mUrtiyAM utkRSTa kalAkRti kI pratIka haiM / nAgoM ke pazcAta guptakAla meM to viSNu kI atyadhika upAsanA kI gyii| eka mUrti to unakI aisI milI hai jinameM unheM buddha kI bhA~ti dhyAnamudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| ve For Private and Personal Use Only

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72 : padmAvatI rAjA haiM, unake sira para mukuTa suzobhita hai| isa mUrti ke Upara eka chatra bhI hai jise khile hue kamala evaM pattoM se sajAyA gayA hai| mUrti saMkhyA 2525, viSNu ke nRsiMha varAha viSNu avatAra kA bodha karAtI hai / bIca meM viSNu mukha aura donoM ora nRsiMha tathA barAha avatAroM ke mukha darzAye gaye haiN| eka mUti aisI bhI milI hai jisase viSNu ke virATa rUpa kI jhA~kI mila jAtI hai / inake atirikta mathurA kI mRNamUrtiyoM meM bhI viSNu ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / isase isa devatA ke vyApaka aura prabhAvazAlI svarUpa kA paricaya milatA hai| - padmAvatI aura mathurA ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para bhI viSNu kI vyApaka rUpa se upAsanA kI jAtI thii| mUrtiyoM meM bhI jo ki bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM para milatI haiM viSNu ke caturbhujI svarUpa ko darzAyA gayA hai| bhArata ke dakSiNa meM jahA~ ziva ko vizeSa mahatva milA vahA~ bhI viSNu ko bhulAyA nahIM jA skaa| 6.3 zaivopAsanA jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai isa yuga meM viSNu aura ziva donoM hI devatAoM kI upAsanA hotI thii| yaha batA sakanA bahuta kaThina hai ki kisa devatA kI adhika upAsanA kI jAtI thI aura kisakI kama / padmAvatI meM to viSNu mandira aura viSNu mUrti bhI milI hai tathA bhArazivoM dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA zivaliMga bhI / bhArazivoM ne to ziva kI upAsanA ke lie apane vaMza ke nAma meM bhI ziva ko sthAna diyA thaa| ve svayaM ko ziva kA nandI kahate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki inake sikkoM para bhI nandI aura vRSa ke darzana ho jAte haiN| sarpa jo ki ziva kA AbhUSaNa hai, use bhI sthAna mila gayA thaa| kintu navanAgoM ke rAjAoM meM bhI hameM viSNu aura ziva ke bhakta mile haiN| kucha rAjAoM ne viSNu kI upAsanA ko vizeSa mahatva diyA aura kucha ne ziva ko| madhyadeza ke nAga hI nahIM vAkATakoM ne bhI ziva ko apanA devatA mAna liyA thA / ziva kA yaha prabhAva isa yuga meM itanA vyApaka thA ki kuSANa rAjA bhI apanI mudrAoM para ziva-mUrti, trizUla aura nandI aMkita karAte the| mathurA aura avanti ke zaka kSatrapa bhI ziva ke upAsaka the / loka-jIvana meM bhI ziva kI upAsanA ke cihna milate haiM / mahAbhArata meM vAsudeva kRSNa se bhI ziva ArAdhanA karAyI gayI hai / isa yuga ke sAhitya meM bhI ziva kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta mUrtikalA evaM sthApatya kalA meM ziva ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA thA / nAga aura vAkATaka kAla meM zivamUrti aura ziva mandiroM kA nirmANa huA thA / mahAbhArata meM zaiva upAsakoM kI do zreNiyA~ batAyI gayIM haiM, eka gRhastha aura dUsarI sAdhaka / zaiva sAdhaka pIle vastra dhAraNa karate the aura yoga-sAdhanA meM apanA samaya vyatIta kiyA karate the| mahAbhArata ne pUre bhAratavarSa meM phaile huye zaiva tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai isase isa vicAra ko Azraya milatA hai ki ziva kI upAsanA bahuta vyApaka thI / padmAvatI ke pUre sAmrAjya meM ArAdhyadeva ke rUpa meM bhArazivoM ne ziva ko sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA thaa| isa viSaya meM to koI sandeha raha hI nahIM jaataa| 6.4 dhana kA bhaNDArI kubera jaisA ki Upara ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, isa kAla meM mANibhadra yakSa ke sAtha hI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA : 73 kubera kI bhI upAsanA hone lagI thI / sArthavAha dhana prApta karane ke uddezya se kubera kI upAsanA karate the / kubera ko yakSoM meM sarvazaktizAlI samajhA jAtA hai / isa kAla meM jo sAhityasRjana huA hai usameM kubera ko mahArAja kahA gayA hai| kubera kI upAsanA karane vAle mahArAjika kahalAte the| kauTilya kA ullekha hai ki kubera-mandira kile ke madhya meM sthApita hotA thaa| kubera ke mandiroM kA nirmANa to hotA hI thA, vidizA meM kubera ke mandira hone kA ullekha DaoN0 motI candra ne kiyA hai| kubera ke mandira dhanadhAnya se pUrNa hote the / kubera ke upAsaka inameM bahuta adhika dhana arpita karate the / sampUrNa samAja yakSoM ko vizeSa kara mANibhadra aura kuvera ko bar3A ucca sthAna diyA karatA thaa| kahIM-kahIM to kubera ko brahma aura rAjA kA paryAya taka mAnA gayA hai / samAja meM yaha dhAraNA atyadhika balavatI thI ki kubera ke pAsa alaukika zaktiyA~ hotI haiN| yakSoM ko vidyA kA devatA bhI batAyA gayA hai| samAja meM bar3e-bar3e AcAryoM ko yakSa kI upamA dI jAtI thii| upaniSadoM meM bhI yakSa ko brahma kaha diyA gayA hai / yakSoM kI isa sarvavyApI upAsanA ke kAraNa hI vidizA, padmAvatI evaM mathurA meM yakSa aura kubera kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ina sthAnoM para usake upAsakoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika thii| 6.5 sArthavAhoM ke ArAdhya yakSa isa yuga meM, samAja meM ziva aura viSNu ke upAsaka to the hI, sArthavAhoM ke samAja meM yakSa ko vizeSa sthAna milA thaa| padmAvatI meM prApta mANibhadra yakSa kI caraNacaukI para aMkita lekha meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki zivanandI ke samaya meM nagarajana samudAya ne mila kara isa yakSa kI sthApanA kI thii| padmAvatI tatkAlIna mahApathoM kA eka vizAla kendra thii| eka prakAra se yaha antarrASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita thI / Ate-jAte yAtrIgaNa yakSa kI upAsanA karate the aura vyApArika lAbha prApta karane aura apanI yAtrA ko sugama banAne ke lie yakSa para bahuta-sA dhana car3hAte the| DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke matAnusAra nAvikoM kI devI maNimekhalA thI aura sthala para calane vAle sArthavAhoM ke adhiSThAtA devatA mANibhadra yakSa the| DaoN0 agravAla yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki mANibhadra yakSa kI pUjA ke mandira sAre uttarI bhArata meM bane hue the / nAgoM kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI mathurA ke antargata 'parakhama' nAmaka sthAna se eka mahAkAya yakSa kImati milI hai| yaha yakSa mANibhadra yakSa hI hai| padmAvatI meM to mANibhadra yakSa kI pUjA kA bar3A kendra honA hI cAhie aura yaha eka vizAla tIrtha-sthAna rahA hogaa| dUsare mahApathoM ke kendra para sthApita hone ke kAraNa sArtha vahA~ Ate-jAte isakI pUjA karate hoMge / jo sArtha uttara bhArata se dakSiNa bhArata meM yAtrA karate the tathA jo dakSiNa se uttara meM jAyA karate the ve mANibhadra yakSa kI mAnyatA meM vizvAsa karake isako pUjate hoMge / mahAbhArata ke vana-parva meM bhI eka aisA prasaMga AyA hai jisameM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki mANibhadra yakSa kA smaraNa eka sArtha ke una sadasyoM ne saMkaTa nivAraNa ke lie kiyA thA jo ki damayantI ko mile the| yahA~ isa bAta kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki sArthoM para jaba vAstavika saMkaTa upasthita huA to unhoMne mANibhadra yakSa ke sAtha-sAtha kubera kA bhI smaraNa kiyaa| yaha bAta to nizcaya ke 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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74 : padmAvatI sAtha kahI jA sakatI hai ki sArthavAhoM meM yakSoM ke prati aTUTa zraddhA thii| jisa prakAra padmAvatI meM mANibhadra yakSa kI pratimA milI hai vaisI hI mahApathoM ke eka anya kendra vidizA meM kubera kI mUti milI hai| DaoN0 motIcandra ne yaha anumAna lagAyA thA ki vidizA meM kubera kA mandira hogaa| isa mUrti ke milane se unakA yaha vicAra sahI pratIta hotA hai| isa pratimA ke sahAre eka anya vicAra bhI satya pratIta hotA hai, vaha yaha ki vidizA meM jo kalpa-vRkSa-stambha prApta huA hai vaha kubera ke isa mandira kA hI hogaa| ye sArthavAha dhanadhAnya sampanna the isameM to koI saMdeha nhiiN| kubera dhana kA bhaNDArI mAnA jAtA hai aura kalpavRkSa pratyeka prakAra kI manokAmanA ko pUrNa kara detA hai| isI Azaya ko le kara sArthavAhoM ne dhana prApta karane kI kAmanA ke sAtha isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| kahA jAtA hai ki dhana-kamAnA ina sArthavAhoM kA mukhya uddezya rahatA thaa| kintu ye muktahasta se dAna bhI karate the / svadeza lauTane para ye savA pAva-savA mana taka sone kA dAna karate the / isase inakI dhana sampannatA aura dAnazIlatA kA paricaya milatA hai| 6.6 upAsanAoM kA samanvaya aura hindU dharma kA udaya isa yuga meM eka saMkaTakAla jaisI paristhiti utpanna ho gayI thI aura videzI AkramaNoM se jUjhane kI sthiti adhika nikaTa A gayI thI / viSNu, ziva, varAha, kUrma aura matsya Adi ke upAsakoM meM aba koI dUrI nahIM raha gayI thI aura sabhI eka dharAtala para baiTha kara eka jaise prayatna meM lIna ho gaye the| mahAbhArata ke aneka prasaMgoM meM ziva aura viSNu kI upAsanA eka sAtha kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| parazurAma ko Rgveda rudra RSi kahatA hai kintu isa yuga meM ve viSNu kA avatAra kahalAye / bhavanAga ke dvArA viSNu pada para viSNu-dhvaja kI sthApanA eka aisA hI kadama hai jisase ziva aura viSNu ke samanvaya kA AbhAsa hotA hai| zaiva sAtavAhanoM ke zilAlekhoM meM viSNu meM bhakti bhI isI ora saMketa karatI hai| jo brAhmaNa yaha samajhane lage the ki yajJa karane ke pazcAt unheM brahmajJAna kI prApti ho gayI hai ve varAha, kUrma Adi meM viSNu kA darzana karane lage the aura yaha mAnane lage the ki ve aise devatA haiM, jinhoMne vedoM aura pRthvI kA uddhAra kiyA hai| ataeva IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM ke isa yuga ko hama aisA yuga mAna sakate haiM jisameM hindU dharma kA prAdurbhAva eka aise rUpa meM hotA hai jo janamAnasa aura AzA kA saMdeza phUMka detA hai / isa dharma meM yadyapi vaividhya ke darzana to hote haiM phira bhI yaha bhArata kI usa mUlabhUta sAMskRtika aura dhArmika ekatA kA citra prastuta karatA hai jo Aja taka akSuNNa calA A rahA hai| vaha ekatA Aja bhI vaisI hI banI huI hai, jisakI nIMva isa yuga meM par3a cukI thii| 6.7 gAya kI pavitratA bhArata meM Aja bhI gAya ko atyanta pavitra sthAna prApta hai| go ke prati pUjyabhAva kI jar3eM nAgavaMza ke isa sAmrAjya ke samaya meM hI jama cukI thiiN| guptakAla meM jo zilAlekha taiyAra kiye gaye the unameM gAya tathA sA~r3a ko pavitra sthAna diyA gayA hai| kintu For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA : 75 yaha pavitratA ekAeka utpanna ho gayI ho, aisI bAta nhiiN| yaha bAta sahI hai ki guptoM ne nAgoM ke anya kaI avazeSoM ko apanA liyA aura unheM AdarapUrNa sthAna diyaa| sAtha hI unhoMne gAya ko bhI nahIM bhulaayaa| bhAraziva to svayaM ko ziva kA nandI mAnane meM gaurava kA anubhava karate the / hameM isa bAta kA bhI patA calatA hai ki kuSANoM ne gAya aura sA~r3a ko koI vizeSa sthAna nahIM diyA thaa| yahA~ taka ki unakI pAkazAlA meM to sA~r3a mAre jAne lage the| kintu guptakAla meM ina prANiyoM para dayA dikhAyI gayI aura aise aneka prayatna kiye gaye jinase inakI rakSA kI jA sake / yadyapi yaha bAta bhI saca hai ki gAya kI isa pavitratA kI bhAvanA ko nirantara dhakke lagate rahe kintu yadi hindU dharma meM unakA Aja bhI jo sthAna banA huA hai usakA zreya bhArazivoM ko milanA cAhie / unhoMne padmAvatI aura mathurA tathA kAntipurI meM apanI rAjadhAniyA~ banAyIM aura gAya kI pavitratA ko apane dharma meM pramukha sthAna diyaa| 6.8 nAgara lipi aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai aura vaha kisI aMza taka sahI bhI jAna par3atA hai ki nAgarI lipi kA yaha nAma nAgoM ke rAjavaMza ke kAraNa hI par3A hogaa| kahane ke lie to nAgarI lipi ke udbhava ke anya kAraNa bhI batAye gaye haiM kintu isakA janma madhyadeza meM huA thA aura madhyadeza nAgoM ke saMrakSaNa meM rahA thaa| isa kAraNa nAgarI lipi para pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa rUpa se nAgoM kA prabhAva par3A thaa| DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla kA mata hai ki akSaroM para zIrSa rekhA lagA kara likhane kI prathA kA AvirbhAva aura vizeSa pracalana nAgoM ke zAsana kAla meM hI huA thaa| isake pramANa meM unhoMne pRthvIsena prathama ke samaya ke 'nacanA' aura 'gaMja' ke zilAlekhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina zilAlekhoM ko pRthvIsena dvitIya ke mAnane meM unhoMne apanI asahamati prakaTa kI hai| unake anusAra "aipIgrAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa 17, pRSTha 362, meM jo yaha eka nayI bAta kahI gayI hai ki nacanA aura gaMja ke zilAlekha pRthvIsena dvitIya ke haiM usase maiM apanA matabheda joradAra zabdoM meM prakaTa karatA huuN| maiMne unakI lipiyoM kA bahuta dhyAnapUrvaka milAna kiyA hai aura yaha sthira karanA asambhava hai ki ye IsavI cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda ke haiN| ina lekhoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM phlITa kA jo mata thA vaha bilkula ThIka thA / pRthvISeNa dvitIya ke pleToM se yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa hotI hai 'nacane' vAlA pRthvISeNa usase bahuta pahale huA thA / "1 vAkATaka zilAlekhoM meM akSaroM ko Upara kI ora saMdUkanumA zIrSa rekhA se ghire hue batAyA gayA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki apane vartamAna rUpa meM nAgarI lipi AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga vikasita ho pAyI hogii| prArambha meM to saMdUkanumA zIrSarekhA vAle akSaroM sambandhI lipi IsA kI cauthI aura pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga pracalita thii| use hI nAgarI lipi kA nAma diyA gayA thaa| isa sambandha meM eka anya bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai / vaha yaha ki isa prakAra kI lipi kA sarvAdhika pracalana aise sthAnoM meM milatA hai jahA~ nAgoM kA zAsana 1. andhakArayugIna bhArata-pRSTha 12 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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76 : padmAvatI thaa| aise sthAnoM meM vizeSakara madhyadeza kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| isI sambandha meM madhyadeza ke bher3AghATa ke eka zilAlekha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha nAgakAla ke pahale kA batAyA jAtA hai| yaha sAdhAraNa brAhmI lipi meM hai| isa kAla meM brAhmI lipi kI vizeSakara 'i' kI mAtrA kA vikAsa huA / halanta ke cihna kA prayoga bhI isI yuga kI dena pratIta hotI hai / isI prakAra isa yuga meM 'u' kI mAtrA bhI spaSTatara hotI hai| isI yuga meM 'ra' kA repha bhI paMkti ke Upara rakhA jAne lagA thaa| mAtrAoM meM zanaiH-zanaiH tirachApana bhI Ane lagA thaa| devanAgarI ke vartamAna 'Dha' kI racanA bhI isI yuga kI dena pratIta hotI hai| ataeva yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nAgarI lipi' ke pariSkRta rUpa kI racanA kA zubhArambha isI yuga se hotA hai / 6.6 padmAvatI : eka paryavekSaNa ___ padmAvatI kI ukta carcA ke dvArA tatkAlIna samAja ke rAjanaitika, Arthika evaM sAMskRtika jIvana kA eka Adarza citra hamAre sammukha upasthita hotA hai| jaisA ki ullekha kiyA jA cakA hai--bhArazivoM kA rAjya eka prajAtAMtrika saMgha-rAjya thaa| sampUrNa samAja kA kalyANa vyakti ke kalyANa para AdhArita thaa| vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke kalyANa meM koI mUlabhUta antara nahIM thaa| samAja vyakti ke lie thA aura vyakti samAja ke lie| rAjya vyakti kI unnati kI AdhAra-zilA mAna kara calatA thaa| navanAga vaMza ke sabhI rAjA kalA-premI the| unake rAjya meM dhana kA kisI prakAra abhAva nahIM thaa| unhoMne apane aura samAja ke jIvana meM dhArmika pravRttiyoM ko vizeSa prazraya diyaa| unhoMne sAdA aura tyAgazIla jIvana ko Adarza mAna kara apane vyahAra ko usI ke anusAra banA diyaa| unake samaya meM padmAvatI ne apane caramotkarSa ke dina dekhe the| U~ce-U~ce bhavanoM se suzobhita yaha anupama nagara Aja kevala kalpanA mAtra raha gayA hai| mukhya mArga para sthita hone ke kAraNa isa nagara kI khyAti uttara se dakSiNa aura pUrva se pazcima taka phaila gayI thii| padmAvatI usa samaya ke eka Adarza samAja kA citra prastuta karatA hai / vyakti ko gauravamaya sthAna milA huA thA / vaha svecchAnusAra dharma kA AcaraNa kara sakatA thA / koI vyakti kisa dharma kA pAlana kare, isakA sampUrNa nirNaya usI para nirbhara thaa| padmAvatI anya dharmoM ko ucita sthAna dete hue bhI eka Adarza hindU rAjya kA citra prastuta karatA hai| padmAvatI zikSA kA mahAna kendra thaa| yahA~ bhArata ke anya rAjyoM se adhyayana karane ke lie chAtra AyA karate the / nadiyoM ke saMgama para sthApita isa nagara ko prakRti kA varadAna to milA hI huA thA, yahA~ jyotiSa, darzana, dharmazAstra evaM sAhitya Adi kI vizeSa zAkhAoM kI ucca zikSA pradAna kI jAtI thii| isakA bodha hameM 'mAlatI-mAdhava' ke ullekha dvArA ho jAtA hai, jo nyAya-zAstra kA adhyayana karane ke lie vidarbha se padmAvatI AyA thA / zikSA kA kendra hone ke kAraNa padmAvatI samasta deza ke lie eka AkarSaNa kA kendra bana gayI thii| usakI khyAti dUra-dUra taka phaila cukI thii| jJAna ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM rAjya kA pUrA-pUrA yogadAna rahatA hI thA, vyaktiyoM ke sAmAjika saMgaThana kI dRSTi zikSA para bhI kendrita rahatI thI, isake bhI pramANa milate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI ke navanAgoM kI dharma-sAdhanA : 77 dharma eka svecchApUrNa antaHkaraNa kI vastu hote hue bhI bhArazivoM ne apane AcaraNa evaM pracAra ke dvArA sampUrNa samAja ke sammukha dharma kA eka aisA citra prastuta kiyA ki vyaktiyoM ne svecchApUrvaka usa dharma ko svIkAra kara liyaa| samAja meM ziva aura viSNu kI upAsanA kI eka prabala lahara daur3a gyii| dharma se vijAtIya tatvoM ko nikAla pheMkA gayA aura samAja ne hindU dharma ke usa svarUpa ko pratisthApita kiyA jo zatAbdiyoM ke thaper3oM ke bAda bhI akSuNNa banA rhaa| bhArazivoM ne jina sAmAjika aura dhArmika AdarzoM ko apanAyA ve Aja bhI hindutva kI rakSA kara rahe haiN| sAdhAraNataH vijita rAjyoM kI prajA ke jIvana ke Adarza vijetAoM ke AdarzoM ke anusAra badala jAte haiM kintu bhArazivoM ke sambandha meM hameM jJAta hotA hai ki guptoM ne padmAvatI ke rAjA aura prajA donoM ke jIvanAdarzoM ko bar3e gaurava ke sAtha apanAyA thaa| unhoMne bhArazivoM se vivAha sambandha kiye aura unakI prazasti ko apane zilAlekhoM meM sthAna diyA / isI prakAra vAkATakoM ke lekhoM meM bhI bhArazivoM kI prazaMsA milatI hai / isakA eka mAtra kAraNa bhAraziyoM kI zreSThatA aura prajA para usake prabhAva ke atirikta aura kyA ho sakatA hai| bhArazivoM ne kabhI rAjya lolupatA nahIM dikhAyI / ve eka sacce mAnavadharma ke pracAra kArya meM lage hue the, vyaSTi ke kalyANa meM unakI AsthA thI, jisake lie nirantara prayatnazIla rhe| padmAvatI usa samaya kA eka dhArmika saMsthAna thii| yahA~ ziva aura viSNu ke mandira mile haiM, mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti milI hai aura eka zivaliMga kI prApti huI hai / isa bAta kA bhI pramANa milatA hai ki usa kAla meM sUrya kI upAsanA bhI kI jAtI hogii| ziva kI upAsanA uttara se le kara sudUra samudra taTa taka vyApaka ho calI thii| trizUladhArI ziva mAnava ke lie kalyANakArI the| isa samaya taka padmAvatI para bauddha-dharma kA prabhAva zithila aura hindU-dharma ke sarvavyApaka svarUpa kA prabhAva gaharA hotA jA rahA thaa| dharma kA samanvayavAdI svarUpa isa yuga meM apanA prabhutva sthApita kara rahA thA aura samAja ne isI svarUpa ko aneka zatAbdiyoM taka svIkAra kiyaa| padmAvatI ke jIvana-darzana kI yaha amUlya dena hai| __ mukhya mArga para sthita padmAvatI ne tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana ko nayI dizA dene meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna diyA hai / sAdA jIvana ucca vicAroM kI parikalpanA bhArazivoM ne kI thii| ve sattA se nilipta rahane kA prayAsa karate rahe / yadyapi unhoMne prajA ke Arthika vikAsa meM pUrApUrA sahayoga diyaa| vyaktiyoM ke jIvana ko unnata banAne kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA kintu vyakti ko Atma-vikAsa ke lie svataMtra rUpa se aneka avasara milate the| kucha pratiSThita aura sampanna vyakti mila kara dhArmika kRtyoM meM hAtha baMTAte the| mANibhadra yakSa kI sthApanA aise hI vyaktiyoM ne kI thI / dhanI aura sammAnita purajana dAna dene meM AsthA rakhate the aura sAmAjika jIvana ko surucikara banAne meM pUrA-pUrA sahayoga dete the| sAMskRtika saMsthAna aura dhArmika sthala hone ke sAtha-sAtha padmAvatI vyApAra kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| mukhya mArga para sthita hone ke kAraNa sArthavAha yahA~ Thaharate the aura vastuoM kA AdAna-pradAna hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki IsA ke prArambhika tIna-cAra zatAbdiyoM meM padmAvatI ne Arthika samRddhi ke ve dina dekhe jo Aja bhI nahIM bhulAye jA sakate haiM / kalAoM For Private and Personal Use Only

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78 padmAvatI meM bhI nAgarikoM kI zreSThatA apratibha thI / Aja bhI jo avazeSa mile haiM unase isa samaya kI kalA kI utkRSTatA pramANita ho jAtI hai| padmAvatI ne bhArazivoM ke zAsana-kAla meM jIvana ke ve gauravazAlI dina bitaaye| kAlAntara meM usakI khyAti dhUmila hotI gayI hai / madhya kAla meM yadyapi sthApatya kalA ke kucha namUne taiyAra hue aura vyaktiyoM ne saundarya ke prati apane AkarSaNa ko nirantara banAye rakhA, kintu uttara madhyakAla taka Ate-Ate padmAvatI kI khyAti khaNDaharoM meM samA cukI thii| varSoM taka loga use pahacAna na pAye ki vartamAna pavAyA hI prAcIna padmAvatI nagara thA jo kabhI atyanta vaibhavazAlI raha cukA thaa| kahate haiM ki bAraha varSa meM ghUre ke dina bhI palaTate haiM / bAraha nahIM bAraha sau varSoM meM sahI, padmAvatI ke usa prAcIna gaurava kA smaraNa kiyA gyaa| pavAyA ke bhagnAvazeSa Aja bhI vidIrNa hRdaya meM usa kAla kI smRti ko sa~joye hue haiM jaba padmAvatI madhyadeza kA eka khyAtiprApta nagara thA jisakI gaNanA samasta bhAratavarSa ke kucha gine-cune nagaroM meM kI jAtI thii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMdarbha-grantha-sUcI 1-bhArata kI purAtatvIya sarvekSaNa riporTa, san 1915-16 2-nyU nAgA kaoNinsa : e0 esa0 alTekara 3-kaoNinsa oNpha ainziyenTa iNDiyA : e0 kaniMghama, laMdana, 1861 4-adhakArayugIna bhArata : kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla 5-jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI : repzana 6-arlI hisTrI oNva iNDiyA : vI0 smitha 7-gupta iMskRipzansa : phloTa 8-epigrAphiyA iNDikA : lyUDarsa, khaNDa 11 6-purANa TeksTa : pArajiTara 10-kaiTelaoNga oNpha kaoNinsa, vI0 smitha 11-iNDiyana ainTikvirI, khaNDa 18 12--di hindU imez2a : vRndAvana bhaTTAcArya 13-kaiTelaoNga oNpha di kaoNinsa oNpha di nAgA kiMgja oNpha padmAvatI : s/o ha. ni0 trivedI 14-khajurAho ke zilAlekha 15-madhma bhArata kA itihAsa : s/o ha. ni. dvivedI 16-mathurA : DaoN0 kRSNavatta vAjapeyI 17-sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa : kavi bhoja 18-mAlatI-mAdhava : bhavabhUti 16-harSa carita : bAraNabhaTTa 20-thiyeTara oNpha di hindUja : vilsana, khaNDa 2 21 -padmAvatI sAra ANi vicAra : ena0 vI0 lele 22-- bhArata-bhAratI : maithilIzaraNa gupta 23-asura iNDiyA : ananta prasAda banarjI, paTanA, 1926 24-sArthavAha : motIcandra, paTanA 1953 / / 25-e nyU hisTrI oNpha di iNDiyana pIpula, khaNDa 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra de0 : padmAvatI 26 - guptakAlIna mudrAe~: alTekara, paTanA 1654 27 - di kalcarala heriTez2a oNpha madhyabhArata : DI0 Ara0 pATila, gvAliyara 1952 28 - divAkATaka guptA ez2a : alTekara tathA majUmadAra, dehalI 26 - bhAratIya sikke : vAsudevazaraNa upAdhyAya, prayAga, saMvata 2005 30 - saMkSipta hindI zabda sAgara : rAmacandra varmA 31 - takanIkI zabdAvalI, bhArata sarakAra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #99
sUcakAMka ka acyuta 31, 36, 66 andhakArayugIna bhArata 16, 26, 32, 75 aphagAnistAna 47 arjuna 70 arjunAyana 31 ,34 albarUnI 16 altekara 18, 26, 28, 34, 56 avadha 56 AgarA 54 Amera 31 AryAvarta 31, 35 Da indrapura 35 indaura 35 ilAhAbAda 18, 34 kachavAhA 5,32 kathAsarita sAgara 17 kapizA 47 kaniMghama 3, 4, 7, 11, 53, 58 kaniSka 14, 66 kaMtita 3 kayanA 28 karerA 2 kalakattA 56 kazyapa Rpi 1 kAMcI 30 kAntIpurI 3, 4, 8, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 33 ,75 kAbula 47 kAmadeva 10 kAmandakI 6 kArpasa iMskripzaMsa oNpha iMDikA 26 kAlIdAsa 70 kAzI 47, 68 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla 8, 13, 14, 17, 16, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 57, 56, 65, 68,75 kAzmIra 16 kIcaka 55 kuNinda 17 kutavAra 3, 25 kubinda 34 ujjayinI 16, 57 ujjaina 4, 36 uttarI bhArata 16 udayagiri 52, 65 UceharA 65 epIgrAphiyA iMDikA 13, 14, 75 po or3achA 28,62 auraMgAbAda 4 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #100
82: padmAvatI ca kubera 44, 45, 72, 73, 74 garur3adhvaja 42 kuberanAga 32, 34 garga saMhitA 17 kuSANa 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 34, gibana 15 37, 40, 41, 56, 66, 75 guptakAla 7, 52, 74 kuSANa kAlIna 47, 71 guptakAlIna 45 kuASaNa kSatrapa 23 guptavaMza 30 kuSANa vaMza 25 guptavaMzIya zilAlekha 23 kuSANa zAsana 16 gupta sAmrAjya 50 kezava 70 godAvarI 10 kaiba? 15 gona tRtIya 16 kolArasa 2 gautamIputra 18, 28 koMDA 41 gvAliyara 2, 56, 56, 66 kaoNiMsa oNva enziyeNTa iMDiyA 58 kaoNiMza oNva miDiyavala iMDiyA 56 caNaka 65 kauTilya 73 canderI 66 kaumudI mahotsava 33, 34 candragupta 32 kauzAmbI 16, 31, 57, 56 candravarmA 31 kRSNa 70 candrAMza 37 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI 37, 44, 47, 66, cammaka 66 71 carajanAga 12, 21, 56 cittaura 1 khajurAho kA zilAlekha 12 khanAga 21 chidorI 61 kharaparaka 31 ja khoha 65 jayadeva 1 jaratkAru1 gaMgA 4,8, 20, 53, 57,68 jAnakhaTa 13, 26, 52, 53 gajendra 31 jAyasI 1 gaMja 75 gaNapati 22, 24, 37 jhA~sI 1 gaNapatinAga 7, 18, 16,31, 33 gaNendra 22, 33 TAkavaMza 31, 34 gaNapendra 30, 31, 33 TAkavaMzIya 33 gaNeza 10, 65 gandharva mithuna 41 DabarA 2 ncha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #101
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ta taharolI 28 tAr3avRkSa 13, 16 tAr3astambhazIrSa 58 tra trayanAga 20 tha thiyeTara oNva da hindUja 4 da dakSiNapatha 31 dakSiNanandI 27 damayantI 73 dazArNa 28 dazAzvamedha ghATa 68 dinezacandra sarakAra 28, 26, 68 di jarnala oNva nyunismeTika sosAyaTI oNva iMDiyA 68 dillI saltanata 5 di hindU imejez2a 41 dugaraI 28 durgA 70 deva 16, 22, 24 devendra 22 devagar3ha 53 devanAga 27 droNA 6 dha dhanyapAla 5 dhamakana 2 dhundapAla 5 dhUmezvara mahAdeva 62, 63 na nagavA 68 nagaradevI 5 www.kobatirth.org sUcakAMka : 83 naravara 4, 5, 7, 11, 32, 62, 66 navanAga 2, 3, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 34, 37, 57, 68, 70, 76 nAga 18, 33, 37, 44, 52, 54, 66, 68 66, 71, 75 nAgakSatra 52 nAgakAlIna sikke 12 nAgadatta 31, 35 nAgarAja 11, 31 nAgaralipi 75 nAgarAjA 64 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 47, 68 nAgavaMza 6, 22, 27, 64, 74 nAgavaMzIya 26, 28, 46, 51, 67 nAgavaMzIya sikke 56 nAgazAsana 45 nAgasena 8, 31, 32, 33 nAgoda 65 nUna 11 nRsiMha 72 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pa pacapeDiyA 2 paMjAba 37 paTanA 1 padAvalI 3 padama pavAyA 1, 2, 5, 36 padamapura 4 padmA 6 padmAvata 1 pannA 1 parakhama 45 paramAra bhoja 11 paramAra vaMza 5 nacanA 65, 75 parazurAma 74 nandI 23, 24, 26, 26, 37, 45,66, 71 pallavoM 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 84 / padmAvatI pavAyA 6, 11, 23, 32, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 55, 56, 61, 62, 66, 78 pAMcAla 34 pAMcIrA 61 pArjiTara 13, 14, 16 pArA 4, 6, 11 pArvatA 10, 36, 47, 62, 66 pichora 2 puNyapAla 5, 32 puMnAga 16, 22, 27 puNyapAla 32, 62 purANa 3, 7, 8, 12, 14, 20 23, 24, 33, 45, 53, 55 purAtatvIya sarvekSaNa riporTa 53 purikA 26 purANa TeksTa 16 pulinda 15 pUrvI paMjAba 17 poharI 2 pRthvIrAja cauhAna 62 pRthvIsena 32, 75 prabhAkara 16, 22, 24 prabhAkaranAga 27 prabhAvatI 32 prayAga 6, 8, 22 pravarasena 18, 28, 53, 66 prArjuna 31 prinsepa 26 pha pharUkhAbAda 13, 26 phIrojapura 54 phlITa 23, 75 www.kobatirth.org ba baMga 30 badaravAsa 2 banAphara 17 barAra 4, 28 bahinanAga 16, 21 balavarmA 31 basunAga 21 bisphATi 14 bihAra 15 buddha 54 bundelakhaNDa 15 bulandazahara 35 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir buhalara 14 betavA 26 besanagara 36, 45 brahmA 47, 57 briTiza saMgrahAlaya 57 bRhaspatinAga 26 bha bhagavAna zaMkara 70 bhava 26 bhavanAga 18, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 56, 66, 74 bhavabhUti 4, bhAkula 65 bhAgalapura 4 bhAgavata 15, 16, 23, 70 bhAgineya 37 bhAdraka 31 bhArata 72 bhAraziva 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 28, 34, 35, 41, 53, 58, 56, 65, 68, 71, 75, 76, 77 bhAvazataka 31, 34 bhitaravAra 2 bhImanAga 21, 24, 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra bher3AghATa 76 bhUtanandI 23 bhUmarA 55, 64, 65, 66 ma magadha 8, 15 maMgola 15 mattila 31, 35, 37 matsya purANa 41 madhumatI 4, 10, 11 madhyadeza 28, 34, 37, 46, 66, 76, 78 madhyapradeza 17 madhyabhArata kA itihAsa 37, 47, 63 mathurA 3, 4, 8, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 25, 26, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 54, 66, 71, 72, 73, 75 manasAdevI 19 maharolI 26 mahAbhArata 53, 54, 70, 72, 74 mahuvA 11 mahuvara 52 mahezvara nAga 35 www.kobatirth.org mAgadha 22, 34 maNibhadra [ maNibhadra ] yakSa 42, 43, 44, 45, 72, 73, 74, 77 mAdhava 6 mAlava 17, 31, 34 mirjApura 3 murenA 25 mUlaka 28 yaduvaMza 34 yaduvaMzI 33 meghadUta 70 maithalIzaraNa 51 motIcanda 73 mo0 bA0 garde 5, 43, 54, 55, 63 moziye moniye 43 mRcchakaTika 70 ya yamunA 47, 52, 53 yUnAnI 37 yodheya 17, 31, 34 ra raghuvaMza 70 ratanasena 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ravinAga 22, 26 rAjaghATa 47 rAjasthAna 17 rAmacandra 57 rAmadAta 57 rAyapura 2 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 47 Rgveda 74 RSi 74 rudra 70, 74 rudradeva 31, 37 rudrasena 32 repsana 57, 58 mAnavAkAra nandI 45, 46 mAlatI & la mAlatI mAdhava 4, 7, 6, 11, 52, 62, 76 lakhanaU 68 mAlatI mAdhava sAra ANi vicAra 4 lavaNA 4, 6 lAhaura 35 licchivi 30 va vanaspara 14, 15, 16, 25 For Private and Personal Use Only sUcakAMka 85

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46 : padmAvatI vasunAga 25 veda 10 vasunAgendra 21, 25 vyAghra 21, 24, 25 vAkATaka 18, 28, 31, 32, 41, 68, vRndAvana bhaTTAcArya 41 72,75 vRSanAga 21, 24 vAgATa 28 vahada saMhitA 28 vANabhaTTa 8, 32 vAmanandI 21, 26, 30 zaka 14, 16, 37 vAyupurANa 16 ziva 16, 23, 27, 28, 30, 46, 52, vAziSka kuSANa 25 65, 66, 70, 72, 74, 77 vAsudeva 14, 25, 66 zivanandI 17, 23, 43, 44, 57 vAhalIkoM 26 . zivaliMga 23, 40, 52, 66, 66 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 47, 73 zizucandradAta 57 vAsudevI 70 zizunandI 57 vAhikoM 30 zizunAga 68 vijaura 28 zuMga 18, 22 vidarbha 4, 28 zeSadAta 57 vidizA 13, 15, 17, 18, 22, 28, 26, zeSanAga 57 34,53, 54, 65, 66, 70, 73,74 vindhya aMcala 18 zrIprabha 27 vindhya-kSetra 66 samudragupta 7, 18, 25, 26, 31, 34, 46, vindhya pradeza 17 53, 64 vindhya-zakti 28, 29, 30, 33 sammukhanandI 21 vinseTa smitha 27, 58 sara ricArDa barna 13 vibhunAga 18, 16, 21, 24, 25 sarasvatI 6 vimakaiDaphAisisa 66 sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa 11 vilsana 3, 4, 10 sAtavAhana 18, 20 viSNu 29, 30, 51, 64, 65, 66, 71, sAranAtha 24, 34 72, 74, 77 sAMcI 68 viSNu purANa 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 16, 23 / sikandara lodI 66 viSNu pUjA 66 sindhu (sindha) 4, 10, 11, 21, 30, 36, viSNu mUrti 50 52, 62 vizvasphaTi 14 sirasoda 2 vIrasiMha 62 silekTa iMskripzaMsa 28 vIrasena 13, 14, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, siMhala 1 31, 33, 46, 54, 57 suravAyA 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra suhAniyA 3 sUryastambhazIrSa 55 soviyata bhUmi 47 saudAminI & skanda 21 skandanAga 16 skandila 37 smitha 56 ha hayanAga 16, 2056 www.kobatirth.org hUNa 15 kSa kSaharAta 18 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hariharanivAsa trivedI 16, 25, 27, 57, 68 hariharanivAsa dvivedI 24 harSa carita 32 huviSka 14 For Private and Personal Use Only esis : 87

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zuddhi patra paMkti azuddha vatI 12 TippaNI krama lavaNa pArajiTa brAhmaNahIna yA gaNendra padmavatyAM bhavannAga arjunApana lagAna mo0 vA. garde chitorI lavaNA pArIjaTara brAhmaNarahita yA gaNapendra padmAvatyAM bhavanAga arjunAyana lagAnA mo0 bA0 gardai chidorI For Private and Personal Use Only

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maNibhadra yakSa kI mUrti (agra bhAga), padmAvatI padmAvatI : 8

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10: padmAvatI mANibhadra yakSa kI mUrti (pRSTha bhAga), padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI: 1 mANibhadra yakSa kA zilAlekha, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 62 : padmAvatI www.kobatirth.org tAr3a-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI

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padmAvatI: 63 tAr3a-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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64 : padmAvatI viSNu mandira kA sUrya-stambha zIrSa, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 65 MAHAntthattitualunt nAgoM kI rudra-pUjA, moheMjodaro For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 66 : padmAvatI www.kobatirth.org viSNu, padmAvatI

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201 viSNumUrti, padmAvatI padmAvatI / 67

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68. padmAvatI nAgarAjA kI pratimA, phirojapura (vidizA) For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI / bhAra, zivanAga, kalA-bhavana, kAzI For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 100 : padmAvatI www.kobatirth.org nAgarAjA kI pratimA, padmAvatI

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nAgarAjA kI mUrti, padmAvatI padmAvatI : 101

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mAnI ke pAsa nAga rAjA kI mati - ( bhAga mAnI ka pAna prApta nAga rAjA kI mUtti (pIche se) + Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 102 : padmAvatI nAgarAjA kI mUrti, (agra bhAga) sAMcI

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padmAvatI: 103 nandI (agra bhAga), padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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104 : padmAvatI SUEDVIES nandI (pRSTha bhAga), padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 105 bolt kelt nAga rAjAoM kI mudrAe~ adhirAja zrI, bhavanAga kI mudrAe~ adhirAjazrI bhava nAga For Private and Personal Use Only

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106 : padmAvatI jyeSTha (mitra yA nAga ?) kI mudrAe~ padmAvatI para prApta jyA mitra zuMga kA sikkA jyeSTha (mitra yA nAga?) : For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 107 skanda nAga skandanAga kI mudrA ENESIUBE For Private and Personal Use Only

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108 : padmAvatI mAhezvara nAga kI mudrA, lAhaura mAhezvara nAga kI mudrA, lAhaura meM prApta For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 106 viSNu mandira, padmAvatI

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110 : padmAvatI gIta-nRtya-dRzya, viSNu mandira, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 111 gIta-nRtya kI nartakI, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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112 : padmAvatI OILL vAdya tathA vAdikA 1, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 113 vAdya tathA vAdikA 2, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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114 : padmAvatI bAdya tathA vAdikA 3, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 115 vAdya tathA vAdikA 4, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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116 : panAvatI Rafon vAdya tathA vAdikA 5, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI / 117 OOOC vAdya tathA vAdikA 6, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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118 : padmAvatI chatradhAriNI, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI: 116 nAgachatra yukta mRNamUrtiyA~, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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120 : padmAvatI mRNmUrti kA sira 1, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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mRNmUrti kA sira 2, padmAvatI padmAvatI : 121

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122 : padmAvatI mRNamUrti kA sira 3, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI: 123 muNmUrti kA sira 4, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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124 : padmAvatI mRNamUrti kA sira 5, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI: 125 mRNmUrti kA sira 6, padmAvatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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126 : padmAvatI dhUmezvara mahAdeva kA mandira, pavAyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmAvatI : 127 jalaprapAta, sindha nadI, pavAyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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128 : padmAvatI prAkRtika dRzya, pavAyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Serving Jinshasan 093219 gyanmandir@kobatirth.org For Private and Personal Use Only