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YAŠASTILAKA AND INDIAN OULTURE
follow Pujyapāda's commentary on Tattvārthasūtra VIII. 1. Absence of vows, carelessness, cruelty, lack of contentment, and subservience to the dictatos of
are collectively called Asamvama or lack of felf-restraint. The four passions, anger, pride, deceit and greed, with their four varieties, plunge the creatures into the sea of transmigration; and activities connected with the mind, speech and the body, according as they are good and bad, are the factors which attach virtues and vices to the Self,
The next Padārtha is the universe, which is, in the Jaina view, without foundation or support, uncreated and free from destruction: it is situated in the midst of space, and rests on air (that is, on the three atmospheres of dense liquid, gross air and thin air). Somadeva records the criticism of this theory by other schools of thought. The Jainas, they say, do not regard the universe with the earth, mountains and oceans as being fixed anywhere nor do they believe that it is upheld by a fish or a tortoise or a serpent or a boar (as in Brabmanical mythology): so they fancy air as upholding the unsupported universe, an absolutely foolhardy proposition. How can air that cannot uphold even clods of earth, wood and similar substances uphold the universe ? Somadeva tries to refute this objection by pointing out that the clouds which inundate the universe with rainwater are kept aloft in the sky solely by the force of
air.
V) Somadeva goes on to say that those who hold false opinions, not being able to find fault with the conception of Apta, Āgama and the Padárthas, censure Jaina (Digambara) ascetics for abstaining from bath and ablutions and going about naked and eating their food standing. He tries to defend each of these practices, and says with regard to bathing that it is useless for ascetics, who observe chastity, and are bent on a spiritual way of life. Besides, they do take a bath to avoid pollution caused by contact with Kāpālikas, women in their poriods, Cāņdālas and Sabaras. Similarly, wholesale ablutions are superfluous on the ground that it is necessary to wash only the limb which
1 अव्रतित्वं प्रमादित्वं निर्दयत्वमतृप्तता । इन्द्रियेच्छानुवतित्वं सन्तःप्रादुरसंयमम् ॥ 2 कषायाः क्रोधमानाचास्त चत्वारश्चतुर्विधाः। संसारसिन्धुसंपातहेतवः प्राणिनां मताः॥ मनोवाकायकर्गाणि शुभाशुभ
विभेदतः। भवन्ति पुण्यपापानां बन्धकारणमात्मनि ।। 3 निराधारो निरालम्बः पवमानसमाश्रयः । नभोमध्य स्थितो लोकः सृष्टिसंहारवर्जितः ।। 4 निराधारो निरालम्बः पवमानसमाश्रयः। नभोमध्य स्थितो लोकः सृष्टिसंहारवर्जितः ॥ अथ मतम्-नैव लग्नं जगत् कापि
भूभूधाम्भोधिनिर्भरम् । धातारश्च न युज्यन्ते मत्स्यकूर्माहिपोत्रिणः ।। एवमालोच्य लोकस्य निरालम्बस्य धारणे । कल्प्यते पवनो जैनैरित्येतत् साहसं महत् ॥ यो हि वायुर्न शक्तोऽत्र लोष्टकाष्ठादिधारणे । त्रैलोक्यस्य कथं स स्याद्धारणावसरक्षमः ॥
तदसत् । ये प्लावयन्ति पानीयैर्विष्टपं सचराचरम् । मेघास्ते वातसामर्थ्यात् किं न व्योम्नि समासते ॥ P. 281. 5 अमजनमनाचामो नग्नत्वं स्थितिभोजिता । मिथ्यादृशो वदन्त्येतन्मुनेर्दोषचतुष्टयम् ।। 6 ब्रह्मचर्योपपन्नानामध्यात्माचारचेतसाम् । मुनीनां स्नानमप्राप्त दोषे वस्य विधिर्मतः ॥ संगे कापालिकात्रेयीचाण्डाल
शबरादिभिः । आप्लुत्य दण्डवत् सम्यग्जपेन्मत्रमुपोषितः॥
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