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18. QUOTATIONS AND REFERENCES
The second verse occurs in Samantabhadra's Aptamimämsä. The third verse is from Gunabhadra's Ātmānusāsana, and explained by Somadeva in detail. Another verse from Gunabhadra's Atmānusāsana is cited in Book VII, section 26. ag
परिणाममेव कारणमाहुः खलु पुण्यपापयोः कुशलाः । तस्मात् पुण्योपचयः पापापचयश्च सुविधेयः ॥ Gunabhadra wrote towards the end of the ninth century, and it is remark able that he counted as an authoritative writer by the middle of the tenth century. A reference to the great Jaina logician and philosophical writer Akalamka occurs in Book II.1 He flourished about the eighth century A. D.3 and wrote Tattvärtharājavārtikālaṁkāra, Nyāyaviniscaya and other works.
MEDICAL AUTHORITIES
459
In Yasastilaka 3. 328 Somadeva refers to the opinions of several ancient medical writers about the right time for taking the principal meal of the day. They are Carayana, Nimi, Dhiṣana and Caraka. चारायणो निशि निमिः पुनरस्तकाले मध्ये दिनस्य धिषणश्वरकः प्रभाते ।
किं जगाद नृपते मम चैष सर्गस्वत्याः स एव समयः क्षुधितो यदैव ॥
A casual reference to Caraka occurs also in Book VI, section 10:
A
TEANGSUÌJEREMIER. Nimi is a very ancient authority, being quoted in Carakasamhita (Sutrasthana, Chap. 26). He is described as the king of Videha: ' रसा इति निमिर्वैदेहः, मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायक्षाराः । Nimi is quoted also in Astāngahrdaya of Vagbhata II, Kṣirasvamin's commentary on the Amarakosa 2.5 28, Dalhana's commentary on Susrutasamhita* and other works. Cārāyaṇa can hardly be called a medical writer. In Vatsyāyana's Kamasutra 1. 1. 12 Carayana is said to have treated the general section of the Kamasutra of Babhravya Pañcala in a separate treatise. It is noteworthy that the opinion of Carayana referred to by Somadeva is actually found in Vatsyayana's Kamasutra 1. 4. 20. As explained in the Jayamangala commentary, Carayana recommends eating in the forenoon and the evening and not in the forenoon and the afternoon, as advised by Vatsyayana. A number of verses from Carayana is quoted in the anonymous commentary on Somadeva's Nitivakyamṛta, but as they are on Niti, it is difficult to say whether the two Cārāyaṇas are identical.
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1 ' अकलङ्कदेव इव प्रमाणशास्त्रेषु'
2 Hiralal: Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in C. P. and Berar, p. XXVIII.
3 See list of authors cited in N. S. Edition.
4
See list of authors cited in N. 8. edition.
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