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YASASTILAKA AND INDIAN CULTURE
deceit and greed.' The transient character of the body and the objects of the world, property, wife and children, ought to convince us of the vanity of our desires. Wretched and miserable is the man who uses his wealth for selfish enjoyment and not for the cultivation of virtue, and supremely wealthy are those who do not desire to acquire what they have not got nor rejoice when they have acquired it. Nothing but sin results from the concentration of the mind on wealth, and acquisition through greed of more than one's legitimate share of wealth or property destroys the vow to renounce parigraha. The man, who is free from desire for both the outer and inner objects of attachment, is fit to obtain the bliss of heaven and salvation.*
XI) The three Gunavratas are next described (VII. 33), but they are not illustrated with stories, like the five Anuvratas. The Gunavratas are Digvirati, Desavirati and Anarthadaṇḍavirati. The first two consist of vows to restrict one's movements to a fixed point in a particular direction or in a particular place, preparatory to restraining the mind from external objects by renouncing injury, greed, indulgence and similar propensities. These vows constitute a scheme of preliminary self-restraint designed to secure moral purity and establish mental equilibrium with regard to the objects
of the world.
The third Gunavrata is abstention from the Anarthadandas, which comprise all accessories of violence and all agencies and means of injury leading to slaughter, capture or confinemet, and are so called because they contribute to the prevalence of strife and discord. The Anartha-dandas include birds and animals like cocks, hawks, peacocks, cats, vicious elephants and ichneumons, and such means of injury as poison, spears, arms, fire whips, nooses and tethers. The person who takes a vow to observe this particular Gunavrata should not therefore keep noxious animals nor use any implement designed to cause injury or loss of life. The Anarthadaṇḍas cover a wide field and include also sinful gossip, evil thoughts, sports involving loss of life, futile occupations, doing harm to others, jealousy, and all acts that
1 क्षेत्रं धान्यं धनं वास्तु कुप्यं शयनमासनम् । द्विपदाः पशवो भाण्डं बाला दश परिग्रहाः ॥ समिथ्यात्वास्त्रयो वेदा हास्यप्रभृतयोऽपि षट् । चत्वारश्च कषायाः स्युरन्तर्ग्रन्थाश्चतुर्दश ॥ P. 36.
2 स श्रीमानपि निःश्रीकः स नरश्च नराधमः । यो न धर्माय भोगाय विनयेत धनागमम् ॥ प्राप्तेऽर्थे ये न मायन्ति नाप्राप्ते स्पृहयालवः । लोकद्वयश्रितां श्रीणां त एव परमेश्वराः ॥ P. 367.
3 कृतप्रमाणालोमेन धनादधिकसंग्रहः । पञ्चमाणुव्रतज्यानिं करोति गृहमेधिनाम् ॥
4 यस्य द्वन्द्वद्वयेऽप्यस्मिन् निःस्पृहं देहिनो मनः । स्वर्गापवर्गलक्ष्मीणां क्षणात् पक्षे स दक्षते ॥
5 दिक्षु सर्वास्वधः प्रोर्ध्वदेशेषु निखिलेषु च । एतस्यां दिशि देशेऽस्मिन्नियत्येवं गतिर्मम ॥ दिग्देश नियमादेवं ततो बाधेषु वस्तुषु । हिंसा लोभोपभोगादिनिवृत्तेश्चित्तयन्त्रणा ॥ P. 370.
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