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ADMINISTRATION AND STATECRAFT
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people living in it.' This doctrine of the Prakrtis, therefore, throws no light on the nature of the relation that may be assumed to exist between the state and the citizens.? By 'şfà vont' Kautilya means. “These are the constituents (of the circle of kings)."3
He further adds
The conqueror, the ally and the ally's ally, are the three constituents of this (circle of kings). They, each individually united with its five constituent elements, the minister, the country, the fort, the treasury and the army, constitute the eighteen fold circle. By that is explained a separate circle (for each of) the enemy, the middle and the netural kings. Thus there is a collection of four circles which may coincide with the Mahāmandala of Dhanapāla.
There are twelve constituents who are kings, sixty material constituents, a total of seventy two in all."
This explains the “Edifethl: Yobt4:"(TM. III. p 172 L.2) of Dhanapāla.
His reference to Saktitraya, tantra sakti, Mantra sakti, sakti bhiriva, tisębhih, Prabhu saktih, aśeşa sakti etc. has allusion to "foafen Hari 4 :, TEIG Gas 8 :, Fan 40614646Yh:” of Kauțilya. i.e. power is threefold: the power of knowledge is the power of counsel, the power of the treasury and the army is the power of might, the power of valour is the power of energy.
'Prabhusaktih' has been specifically mentioned so also the mantraśaktih. By tantraśaktiḥ Dhanapāla means perhaps the prabhu as well as the Utsāha śaktis which are equally essential for the proper running of the administration, being essential for the personal asset of the ruler. Mantraśaktiḥ, however, depends upon his deliberations with council of ministers.
"Uttama prakti” referred to by Dhanapala in association with mahājanapada may allude to the collective group of mahamandalas governing the vast group of citizens. “Visamadurgabala' refers to the army
1. TE H TY 479 al wanita alle: KAŚ XIII 4.5 Vol. I p. 263. 2. KAŚ Vol. III p. 127. 3. KAŚ VI. 2. 23. vol. I p. 166, Vol. II p. 370. 4. faforgfira 141414 as f a: KAŚ VI. 2. 24 Vol. I p. 166, Vol. II p. 370. 5. ता: पंचभिरमात्यजनपददुर्गकोशदण्डप्रकृतिभिरेकैकश: संयुक्तामण्डाभयष्टादशकं भवति। अनेन मण्डलपृथक्तवं 1 Tem P R -46141 ta qutusettiera: 1KAŚ VI 2.2.5. 27 vol. I p. 166. 6. GTGT T14: Go445014: 8190 farafa: KAS VI 2. 28 vol. 1 p. 166, Vol. II p. 370.
