________________
EDUCATION, LITERATURE AND ART
449
taborbeater) striking the hide of the tabor with the stick in order to produce a shrill patter, has also been mentioned. The Bharataputras playing on various musical instruments mean the followers of the school of Bharata's Nātyaśāstra specialising in the lore of instrumental music. The 'Vāṁsikas'' or Flute players have been described as seated in front of the female singers wielding flutes drawn out of the leather-cases.
Of the musical instruments proper Dhanapāla has mentioned the Lute known as Vīņā,? Vallaki, Vipanci, Parivādini, tantrī etc;' Flute-known as Veņu, Tabor known as Mrdanga, Pataha, Murajavādya," Kāhala," Bherī," Nāndi and Dhakkā,"2 Dindima, Clarion known as Tūrya;' Trumpet (Dundubhi),'' Conch (Sankha)' Jhallarī (an instrument of bell-metal), Kāmsyatāla' (a bell-natal platter meant to strike with hands for a patter).
The commentator construes Dundubhi as a synonyms of Bherī." Panava (a water-vessel used as a musical instrument).
1. facto gaual ett vara aiferat: 1 Ibid. Vol. III p. 188. 2. TM Sm. ed. pp. 372, 362, Vol. III p. 117 Also akarui alun14
ral fti farfadh argu-auty Sm. ed. p. 358. 3. TM Vol. III p. 188, p. 42, Vol. I p. 118. 4. TM Vol. II p. 172, Vol. III p. 36. 5. TM Sm. ed. p. 357. 6. aftaafdheafro TM Vol. II p. 327. 7. TM Vol. I p. 105. 8. TM Vol. I p. 118, Vol. II p. 165, 199, 198, Vol. III p. 181. Sm. ed. pp. 370, 360.
AHHHEGHEREAFTER T442811414a: TRAHI Elinta alam | Ibid. vol. II p.
183. 9. TM Vol. II p. 183, Vol. I p. 155, Vol. II p. 300. 10. fatigugas yiah ECHICHES: ITM Vol. II p. 300.
ARHIECHI waarde che leaf ESA HEYZETTfca: Tec Ibid. Vol. II pp 197
198. 11. Also p. 183. TM Vol. II pp 201, 204, 295; Sm. ed. p. 402. 12. 1466. TM Vol. II p. p. 201, 202, 254, p. 183 (Nändi). 13. TM Sm. ed. p. 367. 14. TM Vol. III pp 189, 179, Vol. II pp 254, 268; Sm. ed. p. 360. 15. Tm Vol. II p. 200. Vol. III p. 101, Sm. ed. p. 370. 16. TM Vol. II pp 282, 183, Sm. ed. p. 360.370. 17. TM Vol. II pp 282, 183, 300; Vol. III pp 134, 181, Sm. ed. p. 360. 18. TM Vol. II p. 300. 19. Commentary to TM Vol. III p. 101.
