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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
409
through boiling, were burning on all sides with fires pitted into them by the maid servants skilled in the culinary art (or the process of cooking) and obtained their ingress quite in advance. Cattle rearing formed a part and parcel of the economic life wherein the oxen or bulls were most useful for purposes of agriculture. The customers holding the price-charts moving about in the market lanes stuffed with commodities formed a feature of the trade of the times. The sunrise marked the performance of the worship deities of the cherished ends, feeding of the labourers and servants, spreading of miscellaneous goods meant for consumption or sale, the tamed bulls constituting a source of vehicular traffic normally meant to bear the women carrying babies. The waters from the cațasa (leather cups) (working on the well) emptied and replenished time and again by the people after they had taken their meals, in order to quench the thirst of the visitors formed a part of the social service which in its own way is subsidiary to the economic life.
Nighasa (the edibles), Yavasa (grass for cattle) and indhana (fuel) formed the main necessities for the subsistence of the Kikatas (uncivilised communities) settling in the villages. Bulls and male-buffaloes or bisons were used for loading carriageable goods such as steel vats, winnowing baskets, wooden platters and phials clinging to the vessels placed on their backs."43 The buffaloes have been prefixed by the epithet old (Jaranmahisa) implying thereby the fact that the youthful ones were employed for agriculture and yoking while the old ones were employed for loading lighter goods. The term 'Yugya' in 'faria Reifa Tr evarita'
refers to the bulls meant as vehicles as well as useful for yoking before the carts. Most probably the word '(yugya)' implies the bulls yoked before the carts so as to make the ride for the women-carrying babes who board the cart and not the back of the bullocks. "37711 -
R edo alfonds egetrautagiraff"
1. समकालशिथिलित रोमन्थलीले सहेलमुत्थाय चरति सति पुंजितमग्रतः प्रयत्नसङ्गृहीतं यवसमन्यद्विन्यतुण्डताडन
puifcauru fagfurç I-TM. Vol. II p. 269. 2. fraquafayfur atentraty GETA R4 mild 1 -Ibid. vol. II pp 269-270. 3. क्रमेण चोद्गते दिवसकृति कृताभिमतदेवता चनविधिषु भोजितभुजिष्य कर्मकरलोकेषु संवृतप्रकीर्ण सर्वोस्करेषु
विनीतयुग्याधिरोपितकृतसमायोग पुरन्ध्रिवर्गेष्वागन्तुकपिपासा। प्रतिक्रियोद्युक्तपरिजनपुनरुक्तोपपादित
AHHICHICII-Ibid. Vol. II p. 270. 4. Ibid. Vol. II p. 270. 5. F irefraif ateicestaRiTURE , Ibid. 6. चलितवृषयूथमार्गानुलग्ननिष्ठुरजरन्महिषपृष्ठकण्ठालावलम्बित कुतुपकाष्ठपात्री शूर्पलोहकपरषु।-Ibid. 7. Ibid. Vol. II p. 291.
