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becomes attended by the 'Mitrabala' which was 'aribala' to begin with. Horses formed an important and major constituent of the army personnel in so far as Dhanapāla has described the army of a huge monarch abounding in innumerable steeds' Caturanga? explained by the commentator as "गजाश्वरथपादामी सेनाविशेष:13 means to denote the elephant corps, the cavalry, the chariots and the infantry. This word is also associated with the game of chess which also comprises of the four limbs of the army personnel and deals with the theory of warfare as a matter of sport and source of recreation. 'सतुरंगरथमातंगपार्थिवं प्रतिपक्षम्" again illustrates the 'Caturanga'.
"सन्नद्धसकलकरितुरंगयोधमावद्धवीरपट्टपादातभीषणमरुणनेत्रपताकापटपल्लवितरथनिरन्तरम् further corroborates the point. 'Nausainyam was associated with the army personnel of the king of Simhalas from where it could not be possible to cross the ocean and even launch a campaign without a naval force. The army personnel such as chariots, horses, elephants have been described as unsuitable for a maritime warfare. It has also been called 'naudanda'.
Dhanapāla has referred to the white curtains forming the ornamentation of the ships (lit. vessels). The vessel made out of the wood of the wishgranting tree called Priyangu having 'nāmgara' was made of the sapphire stone slabs.
'कृतानि सर्वाण्यपि सुसूत्राणि यानपात्राणि, 'प्रगुणिताः समाहत समग्रोपकरणाः पोताः, पुञ्जितं तेष्वतिप्राज्यमशनम्- आपूरितानि स्वादुना सलिलेन कृत्स्नान्य दकपात्राणि; समारोपितमप्रमाणमिन्धनमः अपरोऽपि देहस्थिति साधनमधिकृतैः यः कश्चिदर्पितः सोऽपि सर्पिस्तैलकम्बलौषधप्रायः प्रायशो विन्यस्त: समस्तोऽपि द्वीपान्तरदुरापो द्रव्याणां कलापः, स्थापिताश्च सर्वतः समारोपित समर्थनाविकास्तीर्थेषु दृढकाष्ठ गुम्फनिष्ठुरा: नाव:10
illustrates many points regarding the sea voyage. Dhanapāla has employed the distinctive vocabulary for the sea vessels. He distinguishes between a 'yänapätra' and a 'pota'. He even uses the word 'nävah'
1. महापार्थिववरूथिनीवानेकरथ्यासंकुला TM Vol. I p. 55. 2. TM Vol. III p. 81. 3. चतुरङ्गद्यूतमिव मुनिरूषितात्रिकचतुष्करचनं TM Vol. III p. 10. 4. TM Vol. II p. 207. 5. TM Vol. II p. 200. 6. TM Vol. II p.251. 7. रथाश्च वारणादिनौतन्त्रयात्रायामनुपयुक्तः सेनापरिच्छद: TM Vol. II p. 281. 8. उच्चलितसकल नोदण्डश्च प्रत्यहमखण्डितैः प्रयाणे: लंघयित्वा लवणजलनिधिं जनपदांशय कतिचित्क्रमेण काञ्चीमण्डल
TM Sm ed. p. 322. 9. ' यानपात्राणां सितपटानिव नवानासूत्रयन्तम् TM Vol. II p. 272. 10. TM Vol. II pp. 280-281.
