Tattvarthadhigamsutram Part 2

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Jivanchandra Sakarchandra

Page 49

INTRODUCTION
13
of dravya and the reality or unreality of time, and (16) characteristics of properties and modifications along with the various types of the latter."
The caritra-mīmārsā commences with the sixth chapter and goes up to the last (10th). The outline of 'these chapters is already drawn in the introduction to the 1st part (vide page 5); all the same it is being treated here once more with a view to facilitate the comparison of the subjects treated herein with those in the different systems of Indian philosophy. It mainly discusses the following 11 points :
(1) The nature of āsrava, its varieties, and the kinds of karmans they give rise to, (2) the meaning of vratas, the types of vratins and the ways of achieving stability in their observance, (3) the disadvantages accruing from himsā, etc., and partial transgressions of vratas, (4) donation and its characteristics with its corresponding grades, (5) causes of the amalgamations of karmans with the soul and the various kinds of bondages, (7) sarvara or restraint, means for its achievement and its divisions and subdivisions, (8) shedding off of the kārmika particles and the ways of accomplishing this object, (9) the different grades of the sādhakas and their limitations, (10) causes leading to the attainment of omniscience and the nature of liberation, and (11) the path of liberation, the motion of the liberated, etc.
Comparison of Subjects, etc.
Jñāna-mīmārsă deals with knowledge. Its treatment is very near that in Nandīsutra inasmuch as it treats of the varieties of knowledge, their provinces, and their distinguishing characteristics. It, thus, differs from Pravacanasāra where the subject is examined logically and philosophically. The 7th sūtra will remind a Latinist of 'quis quid ubi quibus auxilis cur quomods quando. The order of the development of avagraha, iha, etc., (1.15-19) may be compared with nirvikalpa and savikalpa types of knowledge of the Nyāya philosophy and the corresponding
1. Out of these sixteen the first seven items form the basis of the 2nd chapter : the 8th, 9th and the 10th are the topics of the 3rd and the 4th chapters; and the rest are those of the 5th.
2. Analysis of the previous chapters, too, forms a part of the introduction to the 1st part, but the reason why it has been here taken up in details will be now obvious.
3. (1) comes within the compass of the 6th chapter, (2) to (5) of the 7th, (6) of the 8th, (7) to (9) of the 9th, and (10) and (11) of the 10th.
4. Who, what, where, by what means, why, how and when.
5. For example consider the following couplet of Muktāvali: “ari galdeTE4, Tarafa i HETI fait co-Roi Tu Tahu YG !" etc.