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CHAPTER FIVE
193
motion. By superiority is meant being older, by inferiority being younger. Though the functions perduration etc. are really functions on the part of the concerned substances dharmāstikāya etc. they are here described as benefits due to kāla because in the case of them all kāla acts as an occasioning cause. 22.
The Characteristic Modes of Pudgala :
The pudgalas are characterized by touch, taste, smell and colour. 23.
They are also characterized by sound, binding, subtleness, grossness, configuration, splitting, darkness, shadow, hot radiation and non-hot radiation. 24.
The Buddhists employ the word pudgala to mean jīva. And in the systems like Vaišeșika etc. the tangible substances earth etc.
conscious substances are liable to motion the bodies in questions are posited to act as restrainer with a view to preventing these substances from moving away to any place whatsoever; and it is maintained that it is on account of these bodies that motion and stoppage characterizing the mobile substanes remain confined within the limits of the lokaregion. Now just as these bodies are considered to be restrainer in the case of motion and stoppage, agurulaghu ought to be so considered in the case of qualities.
A question naturally arises. What is wrong if the two bodies in question are not posited and it is declared that the factor responsible for fixing the limit of motion and stoppage is the very nature of the things undertaking motion and stoppage or that ākāśa is such a factor ? But here is a subject-matter that lies outside the sphere of reasoningso that what remains to be done in this connection is to lend support to what has been laid down. And since this subject matter does not lie within the sphere of reasoning it will not do to accept or reject the bodies in question on the basis of reasoning alone. In the case of the quality agurulaghu too one should mainly adopt an approach characteristic of what lies beyond the sphere of reasoning.
One cannot help conceding in the last count all reasoning is meant to lend support to what lies beyond the sphere of reasoning. Thus in the case of all the systems of philosophy it turns out that certain subjectmatters lie within the sphere of reasoning, certain others lie beyond it.
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