________________
CHAPTER TEN
species emancipated is emancipated. As for the viewpoint of the past, if the immediately past birth is taken into consideration then only one belonging to the species man attains emancipation, if the still earlier past births are taken into consideration then one belonging to any of the four species attains emancipation.
361
Linga or Sign :
Linga means sexual sign or sign in general. To take the first meaning, from the viewpoint of the present one devoid of all linga attains emancipation, while from the viewpoint of the past one possessing any of the three lingas-viz. masculine, feminine, neuter does so. To take the second meaning, from the viewpoint of the present one devoid of all linga attains emancipation while from the viewpoint of the past two types of linga have to be taken into consideration. Thus if linga of the bhāva-type-that is, linga of the form of a spiritual capacity-is taken into consideration then only one possessing one's own linga-that is, only one devoid of all passion-attains emancipation, while if linga of the dravya type-that is, linga of the form of an external make-upis taken into consideration then one possessing the linga characteristic of a Jaina, one possessing the ligna characteristic of a non-Jaina and one posssessing the linga characteristic of a householder-all these three attain emancipation.
Tirtha or Spiritual Overlordship :
Some souls attain emancipation in the form of a tirthankara, some in the form of non-tirthankara. As for the latter, some attain emancipation when a tirthankara is in existence some when no tīrthankara is in existence.
Caritra or Right Conduct :
From the viewpoint of the present one attaining emancipation is devoid of all căritra. As for the viewpoint of the past, if the last samaya is taken into consideration then only one possessing yathākhyāta-caritra attains emancipation while if the
Jain Education International
For Personal & Private Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
