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TATTVĀRTHA SŪTRA
still earlier periods of time are taken into consideration then one possessing three, four or five caritras attains emancipation. Here sāmāyika, sūksmasamparāya, yathākhyāta and chedopasthāpanīya, sūksmasāmparāya, yathākhyāta—these two are the sets of three cāritras in question, sāmāyika, parihāravisuddhi, sūkşmasamparāya, yathākhyāta—this is the set of four cāritras in question, sāmāyika, chedopasthāpaņīya, parihāravisuddhi, sūkṣmasamparāya, yathākhyāta—this is the set of five caritras in question.
Pratyeka Buddhabodhita or 'Whether Emancipated through One's Own Effort or through that of another Enlightened Personage' :
Here the two types or persons are pratyekabodhita and buddhabodhita and both can attain emancipation. He who without someone else's instruction and through his own power of cognition gets enlightenment and then attains emancipation is svayambuddha or self-enlightened. He is of two types—viz. an arhat or tīrthankara and a non-tīrthankara who impelled by some external factor acquires renunciation and knowledge and then attains emancipation. Both of these are designated pratyekabodhita. On the other hand, those who receiving instruction from a spiritual expert attain emancipation are designated buddhabodhita. Of these latter too, some impart enlightenment to others as well while some only look after their own welfare.
Jñana or Cognition :
From the viewpoint of the present only one possessing kevala-jñāna attains emancipation while from the viewpoint of the past one posessing two, three or four types of jñāna attains emancipation. Here two types of jñāna in question are mati and śruta, three types mati, śruta, avadhi or mati, śruta, manahparyāya, four types mati, śruta, avadhi and manahparyāya.
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