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CHAPTER FIVE
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Similarly, in the case of each quality of the form of a capacity the modes that emerge from samaya to samaya throughout the three phases of time are ananta in number. A substance as well as the capacities in question that act as its aspects, since they never originate or perish, are eternal—that is, beginningless and endless. On the other hand, all the modes, since they originate and perish every moment, are individually transitory—that is, such as are possessed of a beginning and and an end; however, viewed as a stream of successive states even modes are beginningless and endless. Certainly, all those modes which are produced in a substance by one and the same capacity acting as a cause and which flow in the form of a stream running throughout the three phases of time belong to one and the same class. The ananta capacities residing in a substance give rise to ananta streams of modes and all these streams run their course simultaneously. Naturally, different modes belonging to different classes because produced by different capacities can be found to exist in a substance simultaneously, but different modes belonging to the same class because produced by the same capacity cannot be found to exist in a substance simultaneously.
A soul and a pudgala are substances because they are respectively possessed of ananta qualities like consciousness etc. and colour etc., and they are respectively possessed of ananta modes like upayoga in the form of jñāna and darśana and blue, yellow etc. A soul on account of its capacity for consciousness undergoes transformation of the form of various upayogas, a pudgala on account of its capacity for colouration undergoes transformation of the form of blue, yellow etc. The capacity for consciousness cannot be separated from the substance soul or from the other capacities residing in a soul; similarly, the capacity for colouration cannot be separated from the substance pudgala or from the other capacities residing in a pudgala. The stream of various upayogas like jñāna, darśana etc. occurring at different samayas—a stream running throughout the three phases of timehas for its single cause the capacity for consciousness, and the stream of modes that acts as an effect of this capacity is of the
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