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CHAPTER NINE
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āpana cāritra; similarly, when the initiation ceremony for a monk's career that was earlier undergone is vitiated by some defect and so has to be undergone de novo—that is the other case of chedopasthāpana cāritra. The first is called niraticāra chedopasthāpana or chedopasthāpana characterized by no failure of conduct, the second sāticāra chedopasthāpana or chedopasthāpana characterized by a failure of conduct.
(3) That which is characterized by a course of conduct dominated by certain special types of penance is called parihāravisuddhi-cũritra.
(4) That in which the kasāyas like anger etc. do not manifest themselves at all but there is present an extremely small amount of greed is called sūkşmasāmparāya-cāritra.
(5) That in which no kasāya whatsoever manifests itself is called yathākhyāta or vītarāga-cāritra?. 18.
An Account of Tapas or Penance :
Anaśana or a complete giving up of food, avamaudarya or a partial giving up of food, vrttiparisänkhyāna or a reduction of greed, rasaparityāga or a giving up of delicacies, viviktasayyāsana or a lonely residence, kāyakleśa or a mortification of body—these constitute external tapas. 19.
Prāyaścitta or atonement, vinaya or veneration, vaiyavrttya or rendering a service, svādhyāya or self-study, vyutsarga or renouncing selfish feelings, dhyāna or mental concentration—these constitute internal tapas. 20.
With a view to developing the spiritual power adequate for reducing passions whatever means are adopted for placing under burning hardship one's body, indriyas and manas-they are called tapas or penance. Penance has been divided into two types—viz. external and internal. That in which there is a predominance of
1. See Hindi cauthā karmagrantha p. 59-61.
2. Two alternative designations found for it are athākhyāta and tathākhyāta.
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