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328
TATTVĀRTHA SŪTRA
The Number of Parīşahas Capable of Simultaneously Occurring in a Soul :
Among the twentytwo parīşahas there are many which are opposite of each other in case supposed to occur simultaneously. Take for example śīta, uşna, caryā, sayyā, nīsadyä. Of these the first two cannot occur simultaneously, nor can the last three do so. Thus when śīta occurs usna cannot and vice versa; similarly, from among caryā, sayyā and nişadyā just one can occur at a time. Hence keeping in view the circumstance that from among the five parīşahas in question just two are possible at a time and three not possible it has been declared that ninteen parīsahas at the most can occur in a soul at one time. 17.
The Types of Cāritra or Right Conduct :
Sāmāyika, chedopasthāpāna, parihāraviśuddhi, sūksmasāmparāya, yathākhyāta-these five are the types of cāritra. 18.
The endeavour to remain steady in a state of spiritual purity-that is called cāritra. Keeping in view the degrees of spiritual purity obtaining in different cases cāritra has been divided into the above five classes sāmāyika etc. This as follows:
(1) With a view to persisting in the attitude of equanimity to give up all impure activity—that is called sāmāyika cāritra. The remaining four types of cāritra—viz. chedopasthāpana etc.-are doubtless of the form of sāmāyika, but in view of certain speciality as to conduct and meritorious qualification characterizing them the four have been described as different from sāmāyika. The initiation ceremony signifying entry into a monk's career, when the period of intended monkhood is brief, is called itvaļika or temporary sāmāyika, the same ceremony, when the period in question is life-long, is called yāvatkathita or life-long sāmāyika.
(2) When after first undergoing the initiation ceremony for a monk's career certain special scriptural texts have been studied and then the ceremony is repeated with a view to retaining the monk's career for the whole life—that is one case of chedopasth
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