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CHAPTER FIVE
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form of upayoga and the stream of modes of the form of colour, since they persist throughout the three phases of time, are permanent.
A substance verily is an indissoluble collection of ananta qualities. However, in the case of a soul not all its qualities but just a few of them like consciousness, joy, moral conduct, endeavour are open to the comprehension of a worldly being with ordinary intelligence; similarly, in the case of a pudgala not all its qualities but just few of them like colour, taste, smell, touch etc. are open to comprehension. The reason for it is that the totality of streams-of-modes belonging to a soul or such totality belonging to a pudgala-substance cannot be comprehended in the absence of a supra-ordinary cognition. Only those qualities are made a subject-matter of usage which act as a cause to the stream of modes comprehensible to ordinary intellect; hence these qualities are to be characterized as comprehensible. Thus the qualities consciousness, joy, moral conduct, endeavour etc. belonging to a soul are conprehensible—that is, are amenable to thought and verbal communication; similarly, the qualities colour etc. belonging to a pudgala are comprehensible. All the remaining qualities are incomprehensible and open to the cognition of an omniscient alone.
When it is said that each of the streams of ananta modes has for its cause one capacity or quality and that a substance is but a collection of ananta such capacities—then the statement is taking cognizance of difference. For viewed from the standpoin of non-difference a mode is of the form of the quality that acts as its cause while a quality is of the form of the substance concerned—which in its turn means that a substance is to be considered to be itself of the form of qualities and modes.
Not all the qualities belonging to a substance are of the same type. For some of them are common—that is, such are found in all the substances-e.g. existence, being made up of units, being cognizable etc.; on the other hand, some of them are unique—that is, such as are found in just some one particular
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