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CHAPTER NINE
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reflection as to the helpless.
(3) In order that craving for the world of transmigration is done away with a feeling of resignation or indifference has to be cultivated in relation to the things of the world. And with a view to diverting attention from such things one must reflect as follows: 'In this beginningless cycle of births and deaths there is in fact none who is own to me and none who is alien to me. For in the course of so many births all sorts of relations have been established between me and all the beings that are there. Similarly, the beings of the world burning with attachment, aversion and delusion and out of craving for things sensuous are out to devour one another and suffer unbearable hardship as a result of a behaviour of that sort. Really speaking, this world is a garden nurturing the couples-of-opposites like joy-and-sorrow, pleasure-and-pain, etc., and is truly full of tortures.' That is called samsara-anupreksā or reflection as to the world of transmigra
(4) In order to attain moksa a feeling of aloofness has to be constantly evoked on the occasion of attachment and aversion. For that the attachment developed in relation to things considered to be one's own and the aversion developed in realtion to those considered to be alien to oneself have to be discarded and so one must reflect : 'I am born alone, I die alone, and alone do I reap the fruits of the form of pleasure, pain etc. yielded by the karmic seeds sown by myself. That is called ekatva-anupreksā or reflection as to soleness.
(5) Out of an onrush of delusion man commits the mistake of regarding as his own rise and fall the rise and fall of his body and of the other things belonging to him; and the result is that he fails to have a realization of his true duty. In order to forestall a contingency like this the false imposition of ownership in relation to the alien things like body etc. has to be done away with. For that the separateness from another of the properties belonging to the two has to be reflected over as follows : “This body is gross, possessed of a beginning and an end, and is something inanimate, while I myself am subtle, possessed of no
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