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Parikşāmukham
183
The fallacy of the heterogeneous example ( Vaidharmya Driştāntābhāsa ) is of six kinds, thus :
(1) Inference is invalid ( major term ) because it is a source of true knowledge ( middle term ); whatever is not invalid is not a source of true knowledge, as a dream ( heterogeneous example ). Here the example involves in the heterogeneous form a defect in the major term ( Sādhya ) for a dream is really invalid though it has been cited as not invalid.
(2) Perception is non-reflective or Nirvikalpaka ( major term) because it is a source of true knowledge ( middle term ); whatever is reflective or Savikalpaka, is not a source of true knowledge, as inference (heterogeneous example ). Here the example involves in the heterogeneous form a defect in the middle term ( Sādhana ) for inference is really a source of true knowledge, though it has been cited as not such.
(3) Sound is eternal and non-eternal ( major term ), because it is an existence ( middle term ); whatever is not eternal and non-eternal is not an existence, as a jar ( heterogeneous example ). Here the example involves in the heterogeneous form a defect in both the major and middle terms ( Sādhya and Sādhana ) for the jar is both ‘eternal and non-eternal' and 'an existence.
(4) Kapila is non-omniscient ( major term ) because he is a non-propounder of the four noble truths ( middle term ); whoever is not non-omniscient is not non-propounder of the four noble truths, as Buddha (heterogeneous example ). Here the example involves in the negative form a doubt as to the validity of the major term ( Sādhya) for it is doubtful whether Buddha was omniscient.
(5) This person is untrustworthy ( major term ) because he is full of passions ( middle term ); whoever is not untrustworthy is not full of passions, as Buddha ( heterogeneous example ) Here the example involves doubt as to the validity of the middle
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