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160
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JUNE, 1909.
(2)
Prim. Drav.
s
på, â in Tam, and A in Mal. â, rarely e, yâ in Can. e, sometimes a in Tu. e in Te.
Tam, a du (goat) is Mal. a du, Can. & du ; Tulu @du and Tel. 6!a. (3) Prim. Drav. nasalised & s ya, na, na - Tam.
i n'â, n'ê – Mal.
4, na, ne-Can. sya, na, nê — Ta.
ê, nê, ni - Te. Tam. yan, n'an, nan. 'I' is Mal nán. Can. d nu and nd nu ; Tu. a nu; Te, ne nu and & nu.
In short this sometimes lost its nasalisation, sometimes its fronting, sometimes both.
4. Prim. Drav. initial a, i, e, became aspirated in Mid and New Canarese, in some cases, and were represented by ha, hi, he. This is probably due to the influence of Marathi, the northern neighbour of Canarese and Tulu, which has very many aspirated sounds. Toļu shows this tendency. For example. Adappam bar' in Tam, is hadappa in Can, and Tu; appala 'a special Bengal gram cake' in Tam. is happala in Can, and Tu.
(b)- COMBINATIVE CHANGES.
(1) Change in quality. (a) i and use and o respectively in Can. Ta, and Te, and also in New Tam. and New Mal. before cerebrals and liquids and when followed by a. This change, I shall call - a-umlaut.
Tam. idam left'is Mal, ida; Can. and Tu eda ; Te edamu. Note. - These i and u are always initial.
(8) Pr. Drav. initial a when followed by i, sometimes becomes e in Te. Tam. ari to know 'is Te. erugu.
Through the influence of an i in the stem an u in the inflexions may be changed to i; e.g:puli Nom. case 'tiger' puliks Dat. but bid da child' and biddaku.
This change I shall call i-umlaut. Dr. Caldwell calls all these changes harmonic sequence of vowels.
(y) Very often in Can. and Ta., and mostly in Te. the final half pronounced enunciative u of words changes an a of the preceding syllable into u and sometimes an i of the preceding syllable into a. This change, I shall call u-umlaut. For example. Kadalu' to shake'is kadulu in Can., Te. and Ta.
(8) By metathesis and by contraction due to accent change (see infra) with the following , i, and u in Telugu respectively became & and 6. Tam. iralai deer is Te. ledi. Herer and . have interchanged. Tam, ural mortar' Te is rolu.
