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NOVEMBER, 1909.)
THE ARTHASASTRA OF CHANAKYA.
281
messengers coming from friends or enemies. He shall provide the ministers and military officers with increased subsistence and salary, promising them that “This (boy) will, after attaining full age, increase your emoluments still more." He shall likewise promise the chief officers in charge of the forts and country parts as well as the parties of both the friends and enemies. He shall then take necessary steps to educate and train the prince.
Or he may install a child begotten on the princess by a man of the same caste.
He shall keep as a representative of the prince one who is of the same family, of littlo valour and of beautiful appearance, lest the mother's mind may be agitated with wild apprehensions. He shall justly protect her. He shall not provide himself with luxurious means of enjoyment. As to the king, he may provide him with new chariots, horses, jewels, dress, women, and palaces.
When 14 the prince comes of age, he may request the prince to relieve him from the intellectual worry. He may abandon the king, it he (the king) is displeased ; and follow him if he is pleased. If he is disgusted with the ministerial life, he may go to a forest or a long sacrifice, after having informed the queen of the safeguards and persons that are employed to bring up the princes. Even if the king is held by the chiefs under their influence, the minister may, through the medium of the king's favourites, teach him the principles of polity with illustrations, taken from the Itihasa and Purdna. Having taken the garb of an accomplished ascetic, the minister may ingratiate himself with the king; and having brought the king under his influence, he may take coercive measure, against seditious.14
Book VI. The source of Sovereign States (Mandalayonih).
Chapter I. The Elements of Sovereignty (Prakritisampadah). The king, the minister, the country, the fort, the treasury, the army, and the friend are the elements of sovereignty.
Oi these, the best qualities of the king are :
Born of a high family, god!y. possessed of valour, seeing through thu medium of aged persons, virtuous, truthful, not of a contradictory nature, grateful, having large ains, highly enthusiastic, not aldicted to procrastination, powerful to control his neighbouring kings, of resolute mind, having an assembly of ministers of no mean quality, and possessed of a taste for discipline; - these aro the qualities of an inviting nature.
Inquiry, hearing, perception, retention in memory, reflection, deliberation, inference, and steadfast adherence to conclusions are the qualities of the intellect.
Valour, determination of purpose, quickness, and probity are the aspects of enthusiasm.
Possessed of a sharp intellect, strong memory, and keen mind, energetic, powerful, trained in all kinds of arts, free from vice, capable of paying in the same coin by way of awarding punishments or rewards, possessed of dignity, capable of taking remedial measures against dangers, possessed of foresight, ready to avail himself of opportunities when afforded in respect of place, time, and manly efforts, clever enough to discera the causes necessitating the cessation of treaty or war with an enemy, or to lie in wait keeping treaties, obligations and pledges, or to avail himself of his enemy's weak points, making jokes with no loss of dignity or secrecy, never brow-beating and casting haughty and stern looks, free from passion, anger, greed, obstinasy, ficklegess, haste and back-biting habits, talking to others with a smiling face, and observing customs as taught by aged persons ;-such is the nature of self-possession.
14 In sloka metre.
