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DECEMBER, 1909.)
THE ARTHASASTRA OF CHANAKYA.
309
6) These three kinds of poace 24 are to be concluded by an inferior king in submission to the power of a superior king owing to the peculiar condition of his own works, circumstances, and time 25
Chapter IV.
Neutrality after proclaiming war or after concluding a treaty of peace ; marching after proclaiming war or after making peace; and the
maroh of combined powers. (Vigrihylsanam bandhAydsanam Vigrinya yanam sandhaya yanam sambhoys prayanam cha.)
Neutrality or marching after proclaiming war or peace bas been explained.
Stháng (keeping quiet), dsana (withdrawal from hostility), and upekshana (negligence) are synonymous with the word dsana,' 'neutrality.' As to the difference between these three aspects of neutrality :- keeping quiet, maintaining a particular kind of policy is sthana; withdrawal from hostile actions for the sake of one's own interests is deana ; and taking no steps (against an enemy) is upekshana.
When two kings, who, though bent on making conquests, are desirous of peace are unable to proceed, one against the other, they may keep quiet after proclaiming war or after making peace.
When a king finds, it possible to put down by means of his own army, or with the help of a friend, or of wild tribes, another king of equal or superior power, then having set up proper defences against both internal and external enemies, he may keep quiet after proclaiming war.
When a king is convinced that his own subjects are brave, united, prosperous, and able not only to carry on their own works without interference, but also to barass his enemy's works, then he may keep quiet after proclaiming war.
Whenking finds that as his enemy's subjects are ill-treated, imporerished and groedy, and are ever being oppressed by the inroads of the army, thieves, and wild tribes, they can be made through intrigue to join his side ; or that his own agriculture and commerce are flourishing while those of his enemy are waving; or that as the sabjects of his enemy are suffering from lamine, they will immigrate into his own territory; or that, though his own returns of agriculture and commerce are falling and those of his enemy increasing, his own subjects will never desert him in favour of his enemy; or that by proclaiming war, he can carry off, by force, the grains, cattle, and gold of his enemy; or that he can prevent the import of his enemy's merchandise, which was destructive of his own commorco; or that valuable merchandise, would come to his own territory, leaving that of his enemy; or that war being proclaimed, his enemy would be unable to pat down traitors, enemies, and wild tribes and other rebels, and would be involved in war with them; or that his own friend would in a very short time acumulate wealth without much loss and would not fail to follow him in his march since no friend would neglect the opportunity of acquiring a fertile land and a prosperous friond like himself, - then in view of inflicting injuries on his enemy and of exhibiting his own power, he may keep quiet after proclaiming war.
* Pesos made by supplying the army, money, or territory.
52- are in floka metro.
