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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA,
[VOL. XXIII.
Rudrabarman of the Gautama-götra and Taittirika-sakha. The same village was granted by the Eastorn Chalukya king Jayasimha I in his 15th regnal year (A.D. 648) to the pürvägrahārika Rudra. karman of the Gautama-götra, who was the son of Sivašarman and grandson of Damasarman. It is evident that this Rudrabarman was the son of Sivasarman, the donee of the Pulombūru grant. The word pårvägrahārika indicates that he was in the enjoyment of the village for some time after his father, and that he had lost it during some troublous period, or his title to the village was contested and confirmed by a fresh order after the change of political power from the Vishnukun. dins to the Eastern Châļukyas. This latter event took place probably some time before A.D. 631 when the Kopparam platest of Pulikēsin II were issued. For, we learn from this copper-plate grant that Kammarashtra, which had been included in the Pallava and the Vishnukundin kingdoms formerly, formed part of the Chāļukya country at the time. A study of the political history of the Kalinga kingdom at this period would help us in fixing the date more precisely. The Chipurupalle grant of Kubja-Vishņuvardhana records the gift of land by the king from his camp at Cherupüra in Plaki-vishaya to two Brahmans, Vishņuśarman and Madhavasarman, sons of Durgasarman, who belonged to the Gautama-gotra, in his 18th regnal year, i.e., A.D. 632. In the Achyutapuram plates of the Eastern Ganga king Indravarman bearing a date in the year 87 of the Ganga era, the donee is stated to be Durgaśarman of the Gautama-götra. This date may be equated with A.D. 581 provided the initial year of the Ganga era is accepted to be A.D. 496. It is very likely that the donees of the Chipurapalle grant were the sons of the donee in the Ganga record. If this is correct, the southern portion of the Kalinga country must have been conquered and annexed by the Chāļukyas some time between A.D. 581 and 632. This period is brought into a narrower compass by the statement in the Aihoļe inscription (A.D. 634) that kings of Kalinga and Kösala submitted of their own accord, to the increasing power of Pulikësin II (A.D. 610). It may be noted that the Varāhavartani-vishaya of the Ganga grants was situated close to the Paki-vishaya (or rashtra) and that the latter district had been a debatable ground between the Vishnukundins and the Eastern Gangas for a long time. The Eastern Gangas appear to have occupied it for some time after the date of the Rāmatirtham plates of Indravarman (cir. 535). It is probably to wrest back this province that Madhava III started on an expedition to the Eastern region (prägdik) as recorded in his Pulombūru grant, the result of which is, however, not known. The conquests of South Kalinga and the territory of the Vishņukundins must possibly have been effected in one and the same campaign by Pulikēsin II. Since Tivaradēva Kved, as shown above, in the middle of the 7th century, it is possible that Madhavavárman of the Vishnukundin
* Above, Vol. XVIII, pp. 257 f. * Ind. Ant., Vol. XX, p. 16. Above, Vol. III, pp. 127.
(But it may be noted that while the two sons of Durgašarman of the Chipurupale plates were followers of the Thittiriya-charana, which is a branch of the Yajurvēda, Durgalarman of the Achyutapuram plates was a Brahmana of the Chhandöga school which is a sakha of the Samavēda.-Ed.)
Prof. V. V. Mirashi postulates two Tivaradēvas in the Somavami family and thinks that Trivers who wa a contemporary of the Vishnukundin Madhava was an earlier member and lived between A.D. 525-568 (above, Vol. XXII, pp. 15 ff). But among the Somavamsi kings there is only one TTvaradeva known so far (above, Vol. XI, p. 187). And such an early date is not possible for Madhavs who must have been an immediate predecessor in time of the Eastern Chalukya king Jayasimsha I (ibid, p. 2), f. n. 3 and Bhandarkar's Northern List, p. 293, 1 D. 3).
• The Kondedda and Nivina grants of Dharmaraja mention certain Madhava, who coutemplated to oust the elderly relations to than bhean) from the country, but being forted in his attempt took shelter under Tivars déva and was ultimately defeated along with his master at the foot of the Vindhya hill. Since this Madhava is supposed to be prince of the Sailodbhava family, he cannot be identified with the Vishnukundin king of that name, though it happens that the latter bad also contracted some political or matrimonial alliance with Tlvaradēva
